Ayini ama-enzyme? Uyazi ukuthi kungani ebaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "ama-enzyme" ngaphambili. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uwadidanise ne-vitamin. Kodwa ama-enzyme angamaqhawe amancane emizimbeni yethu enza umsebenzi omningi othule kodwa obalulekile. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda?

Ngakho-ke kwenzekani ngempela kula ma-enzyme?

Kalula nje, ama-enzyme ayizisiza ezincane ezisheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngakho, ngemva kokudla ukudla, udinga ukukugaya. Ama-enzyme abalulekile kuzo zonke lezi zinqubo, okuhlanganisa ukugaya, ukujiya kwegazi, nokukhula komzimba. Akukhona lokho kuphela, ama-enzyme nawo ahilelekile endleleni imisipha yethu esebenza ngayo nokuthi ezinye izifo zikhula kanjani. Eqinisweni, ama-enzyme adlala indima enkulu kakhulu ezintweni eziningi ezibalulekile ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu kunokuba ungacabanga. Cabanga ngakho, udla ukudla. Imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukumunca izinto ezifana nesitashi, amaprotheni, namafutha ngqo. Kudingeka zihlukaniswe zibe yizicucu ezincane. Yilokho okwenziwa ama-enzyme. Kufana nokusika iphepha elikhulu libe yizicucu ezincane ngesikele. Noma, cabanga ngokujiya kwegazi. Uma usikeka ndawana thize, kuyayeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Yilokho ama-enzyme asiza ngakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwama-enzyme, izimpilo zethu beziyoba nzima kakhulu.

La ma-enzyme akhiqizwa kanjani?

Ama-enzyme avame ukuba ngamaprotheni akhethekile akhiqizwa emizimbeni yethu . Njengoba wazi, amaprotheni ayizakhamzimba ezisiza ekwakheni, ekulondolozeni nasekukhuliseni izicubu ezintsha emizimbeni yethu. Ngendlela efanayo, amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-enzyme nawo akhiqizwa emizimbeni yethu. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi ama-enzyme akhiqizwa emalabhorethri . Sivame ukubona lokhu "njengezithasiselo zokudla." Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuthatha into efana nale.

Ngakho-ke la ma-enzyme asebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo?

Lena indaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu. I-enzyme isebenza ngokubopha ku-molecule ethile ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu futhi isheshise ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya leyo molecule . Cabanga ngayo njengesihluthulelo esifakwa kukhiye. I-enzyme ngayinye ine-molecule ethile esebenza kuyo, kuphela kuyo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali sekwenzekile, i-enzyme ayisebenzi. Okusho ukuthi, i-enzyme ingabopha kuma-molecule amasha futhi yenze ukusabela okufanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kufana nomakhenika onekhono, esebenzisa ithuluzi elifanayo ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi.

Amanye ama-enzyme akha izinto ngokuhlanganisa izinto. Amanye ama-enzyme ahlukanisa izinto. Isibonelo, ama-enzyme asisiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo ahlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinkulu zokudla zibe yizincane.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-enzyme ezikhona?

Ungamangala ukuzwa ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu! Ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo othize. Ake sibheke ezinye zezona ezibaluleke kakhulu.

• U-Amylase: Yilokhu esikudlayo, njengesinkwa nelayisi.Kusiza ekugayeni ukudla okuqukethe izitashi .
• I-Lipase: Le enzyme isiza ekugayeni amafutha kanye namafutha.
• I-Protease: Lokhu kubalulekile ekugayeni ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni, njengenyama, inhlanzi namaqanda .
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Le enzyme isiza imisipha yethu ukuthi yakhe amandla. Labo abazivocavocayo kungenzeka ukuthi bake bezwa ngalokhu.
• I-Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) kanye ne-Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT ): Lawa ma-enzyme amabili atholakala kakhulu esibindini. Asiza ekuguquleni ukudla esikudlayo kube amandla. Alinganiswa ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuhlola izinkinga zesibindi.
• I-Thrombin: I-enzyme eyinhloko esiza ukujiya kwegazi uma kukhona ukulimala.
• I-Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD): Le enzyme iyadingeka ukuze amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi asebenze kahle.
• I-DNA Polymerase: Njengoba wazi, i-DNA yinto equkethe ulwazi lwethu lwezakhi zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwakheke izicubu ezintsha futhi umzimba ukhule, le DNA idinga ukukopishwa. Le enzyme iyasiza ngalokho.

Lokhu kumane nje kumbalwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngama-enzyme?

Ngezinye izikhathi, umzimba wethu ungase untule noma ungakhiqizi i-enzyme eyanele oyidingayo. Yilapho kuvela khona izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezibangelwa yilezi zinkinga ezihlobene nama-enzyme:

• Ukungabekezelelani ne-Lactose: Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Lesi simo senzeka lapho i-enzyme ethi "lactase" esiza ekugayeni i-lactose, ushukela otholakala ebisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi, incipha. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana negesi , ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nokuqunjelwa.
• I-Phenylketonuria (PKU): Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Sibangelwa inkinga nge-enzyme ephula i-amino acid. Lokhu kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nezimo ezifana nokuxhuzula. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kungelashwa.
• I-Morquio Syndrome: Lokhu kubangelwa ukungabikho noma ukungakhiqizi ngokwanele kwe-enzyme ephula uhlobo oluthile lukashukela. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokubona, zokuzwa, zamathambo kanye nezenhliziyo.
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs: Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-enzyme ethile, amaprotheni anamafutha afakwa ebuchosheni, okubangela umonakalo ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
• I-Galactosemia: Lokhu kubangelwa inkinga ngama-enzyme aphula i-galactose, ushukela otholakala ebisini. Lokhu kungabangela ukwehluleka kokukhula, ukukhuluphala okuncane, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula ezinganeni.
• Isifo SikaWilson: Lesi sifo sibangelwa inkinga nge-enzyme esibindini, ebangela ukuthi ithusi lensimbi liqoqeke esibindini, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• I-Gilbert's Syndrome: Lesi simo sibangelwa inkinga nge-enzyme ephula into ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba, isimo esifana ne-jaundice.

Kunezifo eziningi ezihlobene nama-enzyme ezifana nalezi. Ngayinye yazo ibangelwa ukuntuleka komsebenzi we-enzyme ethile.

Ziyini lezi zithako ze-enzyme zokudla?

Izithasiselo zama-enzyme okudla zingama-enzyme enziwa emithonjeni yangaphandle ukusiza imizimba yethu ukuthi yenze umsebenzi ofanayo nowenziwa ama-enzyme emizimba yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela batusa lezi zinhlobo zezithasiselo zama-enzyme. Isibonelo:

• Kunciphisa igesi nokuqunjelwa kulabo abangakwazi ukumelana ne-lactose .
• Njengosizo enqubweni yokugaya ukudla kubantu abanezimo ezifana ne -cystic fibrosis .

Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukukhumbule lokhu. Ezinye izithasiselo zama-enzyme azikusizi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho kwezemidlalo noma ukwehlisa isisindo njengoba kukhangisiwe. Izimangalo ezinjalo zingase zingafakazelwa ngokwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokungadingekile kwalezi zithasiselo kungadala izingozi empilweni.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yisiphi isithasiselo sokudla, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko. Angakutshela ukuthi uyasidinga ngempela noma cha, nokuthi siyakufanelekela yini isimo sakho sempilo.

Ngakho-ke, sifundeni kule ndaba? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngama-enzyme namuhla, akunjalo?

• Ama-enzyme ayizingxenye ezincane kodwa ezinamandla ezisiza cishe kuzo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Ama-enzyme abalulekile kukho konke kusukela ekugayweni kokudla kuya ekujiyeni kwegazi, ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizweni kwamandla.
• Nakuba imizimba yethu ikhiqiza la ma-enzyme, ngezinye izikhathi kunezithako zama-enzyme ezingathathwa ngaphandle.
• Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme, kungabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwama-enzyme kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu iyonke.
• Akuzona zonke izithasiselo zama-enzyme emakethe ezisebenzela wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke ungazami lezi ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle ama-enzyme. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!