Ingabe ingane yakho encane ingathola i-meningitis? Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalesi sifo esiyingozi!

I-Meningitis iyisifo esesabekayo, akunjalo? Kungaba yisimo esiyingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zethu ezincane. Kodwa ukwazi kahle ukuthi lesi sifo siyini, ukuthi kungani sivela, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kungasiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni izingane zakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe nge-meningitis ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Kuyini i-Meningitis?

Kalula nje, i-meningitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezivikelayo ezizungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Sibiza lezi zinhlayiya ngokuthi ama-meninges. Cabanga ngazo njengesimbozo esincane nesivikelayo sobuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, lapho lezi zinhlayiya ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges zivuvukala ngesizathu esithile, noma ngokwezokwelapha , zivuvukala, sikubiza ngokuthi i-meningitis.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis zimbi kakhulu futhi empeleni zingasongela impilo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kanye nemithi yokugomela ukuyivimbela . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu. Esikhathini esiningi, ungalulama ngempumelelo.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-meningitis?

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhula kwalesi sifo.

1. Amagciwane: Esikhathini esiningi, i-meningitis ibangelwa igciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-viral meningitis .

2. Amagciwane: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangelwa namagciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-bacterial meningitis .

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okubili, i-meningitis ayivamile ukubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka, imithi ethile, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nomdlavuza.

Cabanga ngakho, la magciwane – kungakhathaliseki ukuthi angamabhaktheriya noma amagciwane – avame ukuqala ukuthelela kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Isibonelo, kungaba semphinjeni, ekhaleni, noma emaphashini. Bese la magciwane ehamba egazini aye kuma-meninges, okuyilapho inkinga iqala khona.

Lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani kwabanye?

Kokubili i-viral meningitis kanye ne-bacterial meningitis zisakazeka kwabanye ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile.

• Ngokuthinta umuntu onegciwane.
• Ngokuqabulana.
• Uma ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amagciwane angasakazekela komunye umuntu.

Futhi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo.

Ake sixoxe kabanzi nge-Bacterial Meningitis.

I-bacterial meningitis iyisimo esingavamile kodwa esivame ukuba sibi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngalokhu.

Kungabangelwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhaktheriya. Ngaphezu kokuhamba usuka egazini uye kuma-meninges, ngezinye izikhathi amagciwane angasakazeka kulezi zindwangu ezivela ezindaweni eziseduze zomzimba. Amacala anjalo afaka:

• Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka kogebhezi.
• Uma uhlinzwe ubuchopho.
• Uma une-cochlear implant.
• Uma unegciwane elibi, elingalashwanga endlebeni noma emathunjini e-sinus.

I-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane ingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, isakazeka kalula kubantu abahlala eduze, njengasezindaweni eziseduze. Yingakho intsha, abafundi baseyunivesithi, nalabo abahlala ezikoleni zokuhlala nasemaholidini kuthiwa basengozini enkulu.

Ake sifunde futhi nge-Viral Meningitis

I-viral meningitis, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-aseptic meningitis , ivame kakhulu kune-bacterial meningitis futhi ivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu.

Amagciwane abangela lokhu yiwo kanye amagciwane abangela izifo ezivamile njengomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, izilonda zomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane. Yingakho kuvame kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-meningitis?

Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngeminyaka, kanye nembangela yesifo (esibangelwa yigciwane noma yibhaktheriya). Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi, kokubili i-meningitis ebangelwa yigciwane kanye nebhaktheriya inezimpawu ezifanayo.

Lezi zimpawu zingaqala ngokuzumayo, noma zingavela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba ingane ibe nokuthile okufana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, noma ukuhlanza.

Lezi yizimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Intamo Eqinile - Ubunzima bokujika intamo noma ukuyigoba phambili.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya , ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ukucasuka njalo, ukuthukuthela ngezinto ezincane (Ukucasuka)
• Ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukukhathala, noma ukulala njalo

Ingabe izimpawu zihlukile uma izinsana ziba ne-meningitis?

Yebo, izingane ezincane kakhulu zingabonisa izimpawu ezihlukile kancane uma zithola i-meningitis. Azikwazi ukuthi "Ngiphethwe yikhanda" noma "intamo yami iqinile" njengezingane ezindala. Ngakho-ke kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

• Ingane ingase ikhale njalo futhi ibonakale ingaduduzeki .
• Baphuza ubisi oluncane futhi babonisa ukungafuni ukudla .
• Uhlala ulele, noma kunzima ukuvuka.
• Ngisho noma umama emphakamisa amshukumise , kunzima ukumduduza, futhi ukukhala kungase kube phezulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Kungase kube nomkhuhlane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingase libe phansi kunokuvamile.
• Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nentamo eqinile , noma indawo ethambile ekhanda labo (i-fontanelle) ingase ibonakale ikhukhumele futhi ivuvukele .

Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa lezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ngoba uma lokhu kuyi-bacterial meningitis, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile!

Itholakala kanjani i-meningitis?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, i-bacterial meningitis iyisimo esibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ne-meningitis, noma uma ikhombisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, cishe uzoyala ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar , okwaziwa nangokuthi i-spinal tap . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi lomgogodla bese uyihlola. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala kuma-meninges nokuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kubangelwa yigciwane noma amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nezinye izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze athole umthombo wokutheleleka.

Iphathwa kanjani i-meningitis?

Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ekutheni i-meningitis ibangelwa yigciwane noma amagciwane.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Bacterial Meningitis:

• Uma othile ene-bacterial meningitis, noma kusolwa ukuthi unayo, odokotela bazoqala ama-antibiotic e-intravenous (IV) ngokushesha okukhulu .
• Futhi, ama-steroid anganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
• Usawoti (i-IV fluids) unganikezwa ngemithambo ukuze kufakwe uketshezi olulahlekile emzimbeni ngenxa yezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukuhlanza kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Viral Meningitis:

• Uma i-meningitis ibangelwa yigciwane (hhayi amagciwane), ama-antibiotic ngeke asize.
• Akuvamile kakhulu, odokotela bangase banikeze imithi yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane.
• Iningi lezingane ezine-viral meningitis ziyalulama zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Uma zingekho esimweni esibucayi, zingalulama ekhaya.
• Ukuqeda izimpawuUkuphumula, ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, kanye nokuthatha imithi yobuhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela yizona zindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha.
• Kodwa abanye abantu bangadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-meningitis?

I-bacterial meningitis ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu . Lokhu kungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokwelashwa egunjini lokunakekela abagula kakhulu esibhedlela (ICU) .

• Uma umfutho wegazi wakho wehla kakhulu, kungadingeka unikezwe uketshezi oluningi lwe-IV kanye nemithi yomfutho wegazi.
• Uma kunobunzima bokuphefumula, umuntu anganikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma umuntu angaxhunywa emshinini wokuphefumula/womshini womshini .

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zemizwa ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-bacterial meningitis zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa Yizindlebe
• Izinkinga Zokubona
• Ukuquleka
• Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi noma ubani oye walulama kwi-bacterial meningitis ahlolwe ukuzwa ngemva kokululama.

Kuye ngokuthi imbangela yokutheleleka ikuphi, inhliziyo, izinso, kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal nazo zingathinteka. Ezinye izingane ziba nezinkinga zemizwa zesikhathi eside, kodwa abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-meningitis?

Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Ngakho-ke kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwalesi sifo esiyingozi.

1. Ukugoma

Ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela i-meningitis. Imithi yokugoma enikezwa izingane zethu ngokwesimiso sokugoma esivamile ivikela kwamanye amagciwane abangela lesi sifo.

• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hib
• Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane
• Umuthi wokugomela u-mumps
• Umuthi wokugomela ipholio
• Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunemithi yokugomela ekhethekile yokuvikela amagciwane i-Meningococcus .

• Umuthi Wokugomela I-Meningococcal Conjugate (MenACWY): Lo muthi uvame ukunikezwa lapho uneminyaka engu-11-12 ubudala, kulandelwe umjovo wokuqinisa lapho uneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-11 ubudala ezingakaze zithole lo muthi ngaphambilini nazo kufanele zithole lo muthi, ikakhulukazi uma ziya eyunivesithi, esikoleni sokuhlala, noma ekamu.
• I-MenACWY yezingane ezisengozini enkulu: Lo mjovo unikezwa nezingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwengu-11 eziya emazweni lapho i-meningitis ivame khona, ezinezinkinga ezithile zomzimba, noma ezisendaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona.
• Umuthi Wokugoma we-MenB: Lona umuthi wokugoma omusha. Uvikela uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-meningococcus engakambozwanga umuthi wokugoma. Kufanele unikezwe izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala ezisengozini enkulu. Labo abasengozini encane bangathola lo muthi wokugoma phakathi kweminyaka eyi-16-23 (ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka eyi-16-18, ngoba yilapho ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu khona). Isinqumo sokuwunikeza noma ukungawunikeli kufanele senziwe ngabazali nodokotela babo ndawonye.

2. Ukugwema Amagciwane

• Izingane nabantu abadala kufanele bafundiswe ukugeza izandla zabo kahle futhi njalo , ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, futhi labo abasebenza nezingane ezincane (isib., ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane) kufanele nakanjani bakuqaphele lokhu.
• Hlala kude nomuntu ogulayo.
• Ungabelani ngokudla, iziphuzo, noma izitsha ezisetshenzisiwe nabanye.

3. Ama-antibiotic Okuvimbela

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kubantu abaye baxhumana eduze nomuntu one-bacterial meningitis.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ne-meningitis, noma uma inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukuhlanza
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• Intamo eqinile
• Imfiva

Uma usana lunomkhuhlane, lukhala njalo, noma lungancelisi, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Uma ingane yakho ibilokhu isondelene nomuntu one-meningitis, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi yokuvimbela.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-meningitis namuhla, akunjalo? Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Uhlobo lwebhaktheriya luyingozi kakhulu.
• Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, intamo elukhuni, ukuzwela ukukhanya, kanye nokuhlanza . Izimpawu zingase zihluke ezinganeni ezincane.
• Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-meningitis. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho inolwazi lwakamuva ngayo yonke imigomo eyidingayo.
• Uma ubona izimpawu , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kunciphise izinkinga.
• Nakekela ukuhlanzeka, geza izandla zakho njalo.

Ungesabi, ukuqaphela kuyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa lezi zimpawu, ungesabi, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Khona-ke singavikela izingane zethu kulezi zifo.

I- Meningitis, i-Meningitis ezinganeni, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, i-Meningitis, i-Bacteria Meningitis, i-Viral Meningitis, izimpawu ze-Meningitis, umjovo we-Meningitis