Kunezinsuku lapho uzizwa kabi kakhulu, umzimba wakho uqaqamba, ikhanda lakho linzima, futhi unomkhuhlane. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kumane nje kuwumkhuhlane, noma umkhuhlane wonke umuntu akhuluma ngawo, noma olunye ukugula. Eqinisweni, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezifanayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane zingakwenza ugule kakhulu, kanti ezinye zivamile futhi zibe ngcono. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokucacile nangokulula namuhla.
Iyini ngempela i-Flu?
Kalula nje, umkhuhlane uwukutheleleka okuthelelanayo kohlelo lokuphefumula, okubangelwa yiqembu lamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi i-influenza. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nomkhuhlane .
Ngokuvamile, ngokuphumula okwanele kanye noketshezi oluningi (amanzi, iphalishi, isobho), lezi zimpawu zizophela ezinsukwini ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi siholele ezimweni ezimbi njenge- pneumonia , futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke, akukuhle ukuthatha umkhuhlane kalula.
Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-COVID-19: Ungazididanisi!
Lezi zifo ezintathu ngezinye izikhathi ziyadideka ngoba zinezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa kukhona umehluko ocacile phakathi kwazo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo zomehluko.
| Isibonakaliso | Umkhuhlane | Umkhuhlane Ovamile | I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isivinini sokuqala kwezimpawu | Kuqala ngokuzumayo, ngokuzumayo . | Izimpawu ziyanda kancane kancane . | Kungenzeka kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo. |
| Imfiva | Ngokuvamile kuba nomkhuhlane omkhulu. | Akuvamile, ngisho noma kufika, kuba umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi. | Ngokuvamile kuza nomkhuhlane. |
| Ubuhlungu bomzimba | Kuzwakala kuqinile kakhulu . Kuvamile. | Mhlawumbe, kodwa hhayi kanzima kangako. | Kuvame ukuzwakala. |
| Ukukhathala/ukukhathala | Kuzwakala kuqinile kakhulu . | Ngokuvamile kuphansi. | Ngokuvamile kuzwakala kuqinile. |
| Ukuminyana kwekhala/impumulo egobhozayo | kungenzeka. | Cishe ikhona. | kungenzeka. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nephunga | Akuvamile. | Akuvamile. | Kuvame ukubonwa. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu zodwa azikwazi ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunemba okungu-100%. Uma unokungabaza, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko.
Igciwane lomkhuhlane lidluliselwa kanjani?
Igciwane lomkhuhlane lingena emizimbeni yethu ngama-mucus membranes ekhaleni lethu, emehlweni, noma emlonyeni. Isibonelo, lapho umuntu onomkhuhlane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma, amaconsi amancane emlonyeni nasekhaleni lawo akhishwa aye endaweni ezungezile. La maconsi aqukethe igciwane.
Uma usendaweni enjalo, lawo maconsi angangena ekhaleni lakho, emlonyeni, nasemehlweni. Noma, uma uthinta indawo (itafula, induku yomnyango) enegciwane bese uthinta ubuso bakho ngaleso sandla, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni wakho.
Yingakho kuhlale kunjaloUkugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulezi zifo. Uma une-flu, ukugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuthinta ubuso bakho, impumulo, noma umlomo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane esiwutholayo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamagciwane omkhuhlane athinta abantu: A, B, kanye no-C.
Umkhuhlane A
Lesi yisona siqhwaga esikhulu kunazo zonke kulezi zinsizwa. Lolu hlobo lwegciwane yilona olubangela ubhubhane olukhulu kakhulu. Into ekhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi leli gciwane lingathelela hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwane ezifana nezinyoni nezingulube. Futhi, leli gciwane lishintsha njalo isimo salo (lishintshashintsha) . Yingakho kufika igagasi elisha lomkhuhlane cishe njalo ngonyaka.
Umkhuhlane B
Leli gciwane lisakazeka phakathi kwabantu kuphela . Nakuba lingadali ubhubhane olubi njengohlobo A, uhlobo B lusengakwenza ugule kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo A nohlobo B yibo ababangela igagasi lomkhuhlane eliza minyaka yonke.
Umkhuhlane C
Lesi yisimo esingesihle neze. Izimpawu zifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile. Futhi akubangeli ubhubhane olukhulu.
(Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu, kukhona nohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-influenza D, kodwa luthinta izilwane ezifana nezinkomo kuphela. Akukabikwa ukuthi luthelela abantu.)
Kungani sidinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke?
Ungase uzibuze, "Kungani sidinga ukuthola lo muthi minyaka yonke?" Isizathu ukuthi izinhlobo zamagciwane zohlobo A no-B esikhulume ngazo ngaphambilini zishintsha njalo uhlobo lwazo, njengokushintsha ukubukeka kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugomela wangonyaka odlule ungase ungafaneleki uhlobo olusha lwegciwane oluzophuma kulo nyaka. Ososayensi bahlola amagciwane asakazeka emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke futhi babikezela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zegciwane okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zisebenze ngalowo nyaka ukuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela omusha .
Ngokuvamile, cishe emavikini amabili ngemva kokuthola lo muthi wokugomela, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-antibodies angalwa negciwane lomkhuhlane.
Iyini 'i-Bird Flu' ekhulunywa ngayo yiwo wonke umuntu?
Umkhuhlane wezinyoni, noma umkhuhlane wezinyoni, yisifo esithinta izinyoni esibangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane le-influenza A (isb. `H5N1`, `H7N9`). Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukudluliselwa kubantu.
Okubalulekile: Umkhuhlane wezinyoni udluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana ngqo noketshezi olufana namathe nendle yenyoni ethelelekile noma esinye isilwane (okusanda kubikwa ukuthi kuvela ezinkomeni). Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abasebenza ezindlini zezinkukhu nasemapulazini bavame ukuba sengozini enkulu. Awudluliselwa kalula usuka komunye umuntu uye komunye.
Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokudla inkukhu, idada, noma amaqanda aphekiwe kahle, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu libhubhisa ngokuphelele igciwane.
Izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba, namehlo abomvu (conjunctivitis). Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ojwayelekile awuvikeli umkhuhlane wezinyoni, futhi kukhona umuthi wokugomela ohlukile walokho.
Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane futhi usanda kuba nezinkukhu, izinyoni, noma izinkomo ezigulayo, tshela udokotela ngokushesha .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane. Ungaba mubi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile.
- Nakuba izimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane ovamile, kanye ne-COVID-19 zifana, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwazo.
- Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho nokugwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela egciwaneni lomkhuhlane.
- Ngenxa yokuthi amagciwane omkhuhlane ahlala eshintsha, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke kungakuvikela ezinhlotsheni zalowo nyaka.
- Uma izimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane zingathuthuki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, unobunzima bokuphefumula, noma uzizwa ugula kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
- Akukho bungozi bokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokudla inyama namaqanda aphekiwe kahle.
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