Wake wazizwa unesizungu lapho udokotela ekunika iphepha bese ethi, "Nansi umbiko wakho?" Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma ungakwazi ngisho nokuqonda ukuthi amanye amagama akulo asho ukuthini. Kwenzeka kubantu abaningi. Ngakho ungesabi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngombiko wezokwelapha obaluleke kakhulu owuthola ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, "Umbiko Wezifo". Ake sifunde ndawonye ukuthi singawuqonda kanjani ngendlela elula.
Kalula nje, uyini uMbiko Wezifo?
Kulula kakhulu. Cabanga nje ukuthi kuthathwa isampula encane yomzimba wakho (isibonelo, iqhubu elincane esikhumbeni sakho, isampula yegazi, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba) ukuze kuhlolwe. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Biopsy".
Uchwepheshe uhlola ingxenye encane ethathwe kanje ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Sibiza lochwepheshe ngokuthi isazi sezifo. Ufana nomseshi. Ubheka eduze amangqamuzana akuleyo ngxenye encane futhi afunde izinto eziningi, njengokwakheka kwawo, ubukhulu, nokuthi ahlanganiswe kanjani ndawonye.
Bese ebhala incazelo yakho konke akubonile. Leyo ncazelo yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "uMbiko Wezifo." Okusho ukuthi, lo mbiko onemininingwane obhalwe udokotela ochwepheshe mayelana namaseli nezicubu kusampula ethathwe emzimbeni wakho .
Lo mbiko usho lokhu okulandelayo ikakhulukazi:
- Isampula yathathwa futhi yalungiswa kanjani? - Okusho ukuthi, ingabe yathathwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngokufuthwa ngenaliti, ingabe yagcinwa entweni efana ne-"formalin", futhi ingabe amangqamuzana adaywe ukuze kube lula ukuwabona?
- Amangqamuzana nezicubu zibukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microscope? - Ingabe amangqamuzana ajwayelekile, noma makhulu ngendlela engavamile noma ashintshe isimo?
- Mangaki amaseli, amaprotheni, njll. akhona? - Ingabe inani liphezulu noma liphansi kunejwayelekile?
- Ingabe kukhona amagciwane? - Ukuthi isampula inawo yini amagciwane avela ngaphandle, njengebhaktheriya, amagciwane, noma isikhunta.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi 'Pathology'?
I-Pathology iwucwaningo lwezifo, izimbangela zazo, nokuthi zithinta kanjani imizimba yethu. Uma kuthathwa isampula yoketshezi noma izicubu emzimbeni wakho ukuze zihlolwe, ithunyelwa eLabhorethri Yezifo. Ochwepheshe lapho bayayihlola ukuze babone ukuthi ibangela izifo yini.
`(I-Pathology)` isisiza ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Thola izifo kanye nezimo zempilo, ziqaphe , bese uthola ezinye izifo kusenesikhathi (ukuhlolwa).
- Nquma indlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Thola umbono wenkambo yesikhathi esizayo yalesi sifo (isibikezelo).
- Hlola ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithile. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuhlola izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezingabangela umdlavuza.
Yimaphi amathuba okuthola umbiko we-Pathology?
Sivame ukucabanga "ngombiko we-pathology" njengento eza ngemva "kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy" ukuhlola umdlavuza. Kodwa empeleni, sithola le mibiko ezimweni eziningi kakhulu kunalokho. Lo mbiko wenziwa cishe njalo lapho kuthathwa isampula emzimbeni futhi ihlolwe ukuze kutholakale noma yisiphi isimo, hhayi umdlavuza kuphela.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
| Igama lokuhlolwa/inqubo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji | Ukuthatha ingcezu encane yezicubu emzimbeni ukuze ihlolwe (isib. isimila sesikhumba, iqhubu ebeleni). |
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi | Bheka amaseli namakhemikhali egazini. |
| I-Colonoscopy | Ukuhlola amasampula amancane ezicubu (ama-polyp) athathwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa ikhamera ngaphakathi kwekholoni. |
| I-Endoscopy (i-Endoscopy / i-EGD) | Ukuhlola amasampula ezicubu athathwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesisu kanye nomphimbo. |
| Izingxenye zisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa | Isibonelo, ukuhlola inyongo, isibeletho, ingxenye yebele (ukususwa kwe-lumpectomy) noma lonke ibele (ukususwa kwe-mastectomy) ngemva kokususwa kwazo. |
| Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lomzimba | Ukuhlola amagciwane noma ezinye izinkinga emchameni, endle, esikhumbeni, njll. |
Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ithunyelwa ukuyohlolwa, kwakhiwa "Umbiko Wezifo" ngenxa yayo.
Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zoMbiko Wezifo? Ake sibheke!
Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izingxenye zalo mbiko ezifundwa ngamagama angajwayelekile. Akuwona wonke umbiko okudingeka ube nazo zonke lezi zingxenye. Kodwa lezi ezinye zezingxenye ezivame kakhulu.
| Ingxenye yombiko | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Inqubo | Indlela lesi sampula esithathwe ngayo emzimbeni wakho. (isib. 'Excision Biopsy', 'Colonoscopy with Polypectomy'). |
| Incazelo Ephelele | Incazelo yokuthi isampula ingabonakala kanjani ngokucacile ngudokotela ochwepheshe, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imakroskopu. Izinto ezifana nombala wayo, isisindo, nosayizi zilotshiwe lapha. |
| Incazelo ye-Microscopic | Lena yinhliziyo yombiko. Ichaza indlela amangqamuzana abukeka ngayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope . Le ngxenye inquma ukuthi amangqamuzana ajwayelekile, awajwayelekile, noma aqukethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Amamajini | Uma isimila somdlavuza sisusiwe, lesi yizicubu ezinempilo ezizungeze isimila. Amamajini 'Acacile' noma 'Angemabi'Imingcele 'emihle' isho ukuthi isimila sisusiwe ngokuphelele futhi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza emaphethelweni. Imingcele 'emihle' isho ukuthi kungase kube namangqamuzana omdlavuza emaphethelweni, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. |
| Isigaba kanye neBanga | Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emibikweni yomdlavuza. Isigaba siwukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Ibanga liwukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahluke kangakanani kwamangqamuzana anempilo. |
| Ama-Lymph Node | Ama-swab ayahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini. Ukuthi 'Kulungile' kusho ukuthi kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuma-swab. Ukuthi 'Negative' kusho ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Imiphumela Yamamolekyuli | Ukuhlolwa okubheka izinguquko ezithile zofuzo (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwamanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le miphumela ingasiza ekunqumeni ukwelashwa okuthile. |
| Ukuxilongwa | Lesi yisiphetho sokugcina . Ingxenye lapho uchwepheshe esho khona ukuthi lesi sifo sisekelwe kulo lonke lolu lwazi. (Isibonelo: 'Isifo sofuba esingamahlalakhona', 'Isifo Somdlavuza Esihlaselayo Se-Ductal'). |
| Izincomo | Ngezinye izikhathi, uchwepheshe angase anikeze isincomo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo (isib. 'I-colonoscopy yokulandelela eminyakeni emi-3'). |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umbiko ufike?
Ngokuvamile kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni noma ngaphezulu ukuthola "Umbiko Wezifo". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukulungiselela isampula kahle, ukuyihlola, nokubhala umbiko. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, kungathatha isikhathi eside.
Ungabuza udokotela wakho ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ibuye.Kodwa ungesabi ukuthi sekudlule isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe. Akusho njalo into embi.
Siyazi ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukulinda umphumela onjengalona. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, zama ukuphambukisa ingqondo yakho kwenye into. Yenza into oyithandayo, khuluma nomndeni wakho nabangani bakho. Ungathwali umthwalo engqondweni yakho wedwa.
Kwenzekani uma kukhona okungajwayelekile embikweni?
Uma kukhona imiphumela engavamile noma engalindelekile embikweni, udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze ngokulandelayo, kuye ngokuthi uchwepheshe uthole ini kanye nezinketho zakho zokwelapha.
Ukufunda "uMbiko Wezifo" kufana nokubuka imephu yedolobha ongakaze uye kulo. La mazwi ayaxaka, futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi imigwaqo iyaphi. Kodwa udokotela wakho nguyena owaziyo ukuthi angayifunda kanjani leyo mephu. Uzosebenzisa leyo mephu ukuqonda ukuxilongwa kwakho futhi ahlele inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kwakho.
Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho imibuzo uze wazi ngokugcwele ngemiphumela yombiko wakho nokuthi izokuthinta kanjani. Ndawonye, ningahlela ikusasa lenu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- "Umbiko Wezifo" uwucwaningo olujulile lwamaseli emzimbeni wakho. Ungesabi amagama ayinkimbinkimbi.
- Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuqonda wonke amagama asembikweni, isigaba 'sokuxilongwa' kanye nencazelo kadokotela wakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Kungumqondo omuhle ukufunda isihloko esinjengalesi bese uzifundisa ngaphambi kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Kodwa ungalokothi wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe olwazini oluku-inthanethi.
- Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo. Akukho okubi ngokubuza ukuthi, "Ungangichazela futhi lokhu ukuze ngiqonde?" Buza uze uqonde kahle.
- Lo mbiko awuyona into yokukwethusa. Uyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elizokusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.
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