Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-Black Death ezincwadini zomlando nasemamuvi. Ngaleso sikhathi, izigidi zabantu eYurophu nase-Asia zafa ngenxa yalesi sifo. Leso sifo esibi sabangela lokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Plague namuhla. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, asivamile manje njengoba sasinjalo ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo asikaqedwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi sifo esiyingozi.
Kalula nje, luyini lolu bhubhane?
Isifo esiwumshayabhuqe siwukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi 'iYersinia pestis' (Y. pestis) . Siyisifo esingadluliselwa sisuka ezilwaneni siye kubantu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lesi sifo sivame ukudluliswa lapho intwala iluma isilwane, njengegundane, esinaleli gciwane, bese leyo ntwala ifika ikulume.
Uma leli gciwane selingene emzimbeni wakho, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo, kuye ngokuthi lihlala kuphi emzimbeni. Ake sibheke ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo
Cabanga ukuthi igciwane (`Y. pestis`) lingene emzimbeni wakho. Lapho lihamba khona emzimbeni wakho linquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo oluqalayo.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubhubhane lwe-Bubonic | Ama-lymph node | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi olunethuba elihle lokululama uma lwelashwa. I-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ivuvukala kabuhlungu. Lawa maqhubu avuvukele abizwa nangokuthi "ama-bubos." |
| Ubhubhane Lwe-Septicemia | Uhlelo Lokujikeleza Kwegazi (Umfudlana Wegazi) | Lesi simo senzeka lapho amagciwane engena ngqo egazini. Lokhu kungabhubhisa izicubu, kubangele izimo ezifana ne-gangrene, futhi kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwezitho zomzimba. |
| Ubhubhane Lwe-Pneumonic | Amaphaphu | Lolu uhlobo olungavamile noluyingozi kakhulu. Luvela lapho amagciwane efika emaphashini. Lufana nomkhuhlane ovamile, futhi lungasakazeka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngokukhwehlela nokuthimula. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesifo sofuba, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili azivamile ukudluliselwa kalula kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, isifo sofuba singadluliselwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo esiwumshayabhuqe?
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezivamile zesifo esiwumshayabhuqe, kukhona nezimpawu ezithile kuye ngohlobo esixoxe ngalo.
Izimpawu ezivamile
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo
- Ukuthuthumela ngenxa yokubanda
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba
- Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka emzimbeni
- Isiyezi
- Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesifo sohudo
Izimpawu ezithile kuye ngohlobo
- Ubhubhane lwe-Bubonic: I-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eduze kwendawo yokulunywa (njengekhwapha, i-groin, noma intamo) iba buhlungu kakhulu futhi ivuvuke. Lokhu kungase kubukeke njengezigaxa ezinkulu.
- Ubhubhane lwe-Septicemic: Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, emlonyeni, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi, izicubu ezindaweni ezifana neminwe, izandla, nezinyawo ziyafa bese ziphenduka zibe mnyama (i-gangrene).
- Ubhubhane lwe-Pneumonic: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, kanye ne-phlegm enegazi noma ukuphuma kwamanzi.
Nakuba imidwebo emidala ibonisa iziguli ezinesifo sofuba ezinezilonda emizimbeni yazo yonke, lokhu akulona ngempela uphawu lofuba. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kube esinye isifo, njenge-smallpox. Uphawu oluyinhloko lofuba ama-lymph node avuvukele (ama-buboe).
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani?
Njengoba sesikhulume kancane ngaphambili, kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko igciwane le-Y. pestis elingadluliselwa ngazo kubantu.
1. Ezintanjeni: Lena yindlela eyinhloko. Intanjeni eluma igundane noma isilwane esinesifo njenge-squirrel ingakuthelela ngalesi sifo.
2. Ngokuqondile ezilwaneni ezinegciwane: Lesi sifo singadluliselwa uma uketshezi noma izicubu zomzimba zesilwane esinegciwane (esiphilayo noma esifile) zingena emzimbeni wakho ngesilonda noma inxeba esikhumbeni sakho.
3. Ukusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Pneumonic Plague.Kumuntu onayo kuphela. Omunye umuntu angayithola le nkinga ngokuphefumula amaconsi aphuma lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Khumbula, akuzona nje amagundane kuphela, kodwa namagundane afana nezingwejeje, izingulube ze-Guinea, izinja, amakati, izinyamazane, namakamela angangenwa futhi asakaze lesi sifo.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma unezimpawu zobhubhane, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba sendaweni lapho izimpukane zingakuluma khona, noma uma une-lymph node evuvukele (bubo) ebuhlungu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha. Tshela udokotela wakho okulandelayo:
- Uke wavakashela indawo lapho kubikwe khona ukuthi kunezifo eziwumshayabhuqe muva nje?
- Usola ukuthi unezimpukane?
- Uke wathinta isilwane okungenzeka ukuthi singenwe yilesi sifo?
Ukuze aqinisekise lesi sifo, udokotela wakho uzothumela isampula yegazi lakho, isikhwehlela, noma uketshezi oluvela ku-lymph node evuvukele elabhorethri ukuze ahlole ukuthi kukhona yini igciwane le-Y. pestis.
Ukwelashwa
Isifo sofuba yisifo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela izimpawu ziqale, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic kulokhu. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuqala ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Le mithi inganikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) noma njengamaphilisi. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa ihlanganisa i-`Ciprofloxacin`,` Doxycycline( Doxycycline(Doxycycline ) `,` Gentamicin`.
Uma uthola ukwelashwa, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono cishe ngesonto elilodwa noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha amasonto amaningana ukuthi ama-lymph node (ama-buboe) avuvukele aphulukiswe. Ungalokothi uthathe lolu hlobo lwemithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezibangelwa yisifo?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu ukugwema izimpukane nezilwane ezingase zibe nalesi sifo.
- Gcina indawo ihlanzekile: Susa izinqwaba zezinkuni kanye nezinqwaba zemfucuza lapho izilwane ezifana namagundane nezingwejeje zingacasha khona.
- Ungazondli izilwane zasendle: Ungashiyi ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngaphandle. Kungakhanga izilwane zasendle.
- Zivikele ezimpukaneni: Uma uya ezindaweni zasendle, sebenzisa isifutho sezimbungulu esiqukethe i-DEET.
- Nakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Buza udokotela wezilwane mayelana nokwelashwa kwezimpukane zenja noma ikati lakho.
- Qaphela lapho uphatha izilwane:Uma kufanele uphathe isilwane esigulayo noma esifile, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka amagilavu.
- Ungazivumeli izilwane zakho zikhululeke: Uma uhlala endaweni lapho kubikwe khona ubhubhane, ungazivumeli izilwane zakho zikhululeke ngaphandle.
Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi uke wabhekana nalesi sifo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko sokuthi kufanele yini uthathe ama-antibiotic ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabi khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo esiwumshayabhuqe siyisifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa manje esingavamile kakhulu, esibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Yersinia pestis .
- Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo: isifo se-bubonic, isifo sofuba, kanye ne-pneumonia. Kulezi, isifo se-pneumonia singadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane osheshayo, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nama-lymph node (ama-nodules) avuvukele kabuhlungu.
- Njengoba lesi kuyisifo esiyingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu. Kunconywa ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ama-antibiotic angayilapha ngempumelelo lesi sifo, kodwa ukwelashwa kumele kuqalwe ngokushesha.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukuzivikela ezimpukaneni nasezilwaneni ezingathwala lesi sifo.
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