Igazi elisemizimbeni yethu liwuketshezi olumangalisayo ngempela, akunjalo? Yileli gazi elithwala umsoco nomoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu, futhi lisivikele ezifweni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye zezinto ezikuleli gazi ziqala ukubangela izinkinga emizimbeni yethu. Yilapho-ke sizokhuluma khona ngendlela yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu esisizayo.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, iyini le plasma?
Uma sikhuluma ngegazi, sicabanga ngoketshezi olubomvu. Kodwa kunezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko kuleli gazi.
1. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi: Amangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
2. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Ibutho lethu elilwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
3. Ama-Platelet: Izinhlayiya ezincane eziyeka ukuphuma kwegazi uma kukhona inxeba.
4. I-Plasma: Lolu uketshezi oluphuzi lapho wonke amaseli okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla entanta khona. Lufana nezingcezu zemifino ezintanta esobho. Le plasma ikakhulukazi ingamanzi. Kodwa futhi iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu, njengeprotheni nama-electrolyte. Amanye amaprotheni (ama-antibodies) avikela imizimba yethu ezifweni nawo atholakala kule plasma.
Manje njengoba usunomqondo oqondile nge-plasma, ake sibheke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezimbili.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Plasmapheresis kanye ne-Plasma Exchange
Nakuba la magama amabili ezwakala efana uma uzwa wona, kunomehluko omncane.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Kalula nje, lena inqubo yokuhlukanisa i-plasma egazini kuphela. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuthatha igazi kumuntu ophilile, ukuhlukanisa i-plasma kulo, bese ulinika esinye isiguli. Kungumnikelo we-plasma, njengokunikela ngegazi.
- Ukushintshaniswa Kwe-Plasma: Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igazi kumuntu ogulayo, ukusebenzisa umshini okhethekile ukususa i-plasma enenkinga , ukuyifaka esikhundleni se-plasma enempilo noma olunye uketshezi olufanayo, bese ubuyisela igazi elihlanziwe kumuntu. Kufana nokususa amanzi angcolile bese ufaka amanzi ahlanzekile kuwo.
Yiziphi izifo ezingalapheka ngale ndlela yokwelapha?
Ukushintshana kwe-plasma kuyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningana. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ezifweni ezizimele, lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ehlasela khona izingxenye zethu ezinempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-plasma iqukethe amaprotheni (ama-antibodies) ahlasela umzimba ngendlela engafanele. Ngakho-ke lapho i-plasma eyinkinga isuswa, izimpawu ziyancipha kakhulu.
Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa lokhu kwelashwa.
| Isigaba sesifo | Igama lesifo | Indlela ukwelashwa okusiza ngayo |
|---|---|---|
| Izinkinga Zezinzwa | I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo, amaprotheni omzimba azihlaselayo ayasuswa ku-plasma bese izimpawu zilawulwa. |
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Ama-antibodies angajwayelekile abuthakathaka imisipha futhi ahlasele izicubu ezinempilo ayahlungwa kusuka ku-plasma. | |
| I-Guillain-Barré syndrome | Uma amasosha omzimba ehlasela imizwa, asusa lawo ma-antibodies ayingozi ku-plasma. | |
| Izinkinga Zegazi | I-Cryoglobulinemia | Ukuze kuvinjelwe amaprotheni egazi ukuthi angahlangani futhi avimbele imithambo yegazi, kususa lawo maprotheni ayingozi. |
| I-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | I-plasma eyingozi ebangela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi emincane iyasuswa bese kunikezwa i-plasma enempilo. | |
| Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza | I-Waldenström macroglobulinemia | Zisuswa ku-plasma ukuze kulawulwe inani lama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngendlela engavamile (i-immunoglobulin M). |
| I-myeloma eminingi | Isusa amaprotheni ayingozi akhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-plasma angajwayelekile, anomdlavuza emnkantsheni wethambo. |
Indlela yokwelashwa ehamba ngayo: ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa. Kodwa uma usuqonda kahle ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, lokho kwesaba kuyanyamalala.
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokwelashwa
Uma udokotela wakho ekuthumelela lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, nanka amanye amathiphu:
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi olungena-carbonated (amanzi, ijusi yezithelo) cishe amahora angama-72 ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
- Yidla ukudla okuhle cishe ihora ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
- Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile . Njengoba ukwelashwa kuzothatha amahora amaningana, kungumqondo omuhle ukuletha incwadi ozoyifunda noma okuthile ozokuzwa.
- Kubalulekile ukuba nomuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
Lokhu akulona inkimbinkimbi njengoba ungase ucabange.
1. Okokuqala, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazofaka ipayipi elikhethekile (i-catheter) emthanjeni ongalweni yakho noma mhlawumbe emthanjeni omkhulu entanyeni noma esinqeni sakho.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, inani elincane legazi likhishwa emzimbeni wakho ngaleyo tube.
3. Igazi liya ngqo emshinini okhethekile. Lo mshini uhlukanisa i-plasma egazini lakho.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-plasma yakho engabazisayo iyasuswa bese ilahlwa.
5. Amaseli akho abomvu asele, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet manje axutshwe ne -plasma enempilo noma uketshezi olukhethekile oluqukethe iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin .
6. Ekugcineni, leli gazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngaleyo payipi.
Yonke inqubo ingathatha amahora amaningana , lapho ungaphumula khona embhedeni noma esihlalweni.
Ingabe lokhu kubuhlungu?
Cha. Lokhu kwelashwa akubuhlungu . Kodwa-ke, ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile lapho i-catheter ifakwa engalweni yakho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abukho ubuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Kuzwakala sengathi kukhona ukungakhululeki okuncane ezithweni.
- IsicanucanuLowo ozayo.
- Ukuzizwa sengathi unesiyezi .
- Ukuzizwa ubanda .
Uma uzizwa kanje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela umhlengikazi noma udokotela ngokushesha.
Ngemva kokwelashwa
Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuyinto evamile. I-plasma iwumthombo oyinhloko wamanzi emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi uphuze amanzi noketshezi oluningi kunokuvamile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokwelashwa.
Izinzuzo kanye nezingozi zokwelashwa
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane kakhulu.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi noma Izinkinga |
|---|---|
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Khumbula ukuthi lezi zingozi azivamile , nokuthi ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha njalo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngakho-ke uma kuvela izinkinga, zizokwelashwa ngokushesha.
Imibuzo ongase ube nayo
Ingabe lokhu kufana ne-dialysis?
Umbuzo omuhle. Isimiso sazo zombili lezi zindlela siyafana: ukuhlunga izinto ezingafuneki neziyingozi egazini. Kodwa kukhona umehluko.
I-Dialysis isetshenziselwa ukususa imfucuza egazini lomuntu onenkinga yezinso.
Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma kwenziwa ukuze kususwe ama-antibodies noma amaprotheni ayingozi egazini.
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?
Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Isibonelo, umuntu one-myasthenia gravis angase angabi nazimpawu izinyanga eziningana ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwelashwa kungadingeka futhi. Lokhu ukwelashwa okulawula izimpawu futhi kwenza impilo ibe lula, kunokwelapha lesi sifo.
Khumbula, ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma akuyona ikhambi lezifo eziningi. Kodwa kunamandla okulawula izimpawu ezinzima nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Uma unikezwe lo muthi, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma kuyindlela ekhethekile yokwelapha esusa i-plasma eyingozi egazini bese ifaka uketshezi olunempilo esikhundleni sayo bese ilubuyisela emzimbeni.
- Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba, ezinye izifo zegazi, kanye nomdlavuza.
- Le nqubo ayibuhlungu futhi ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu. Noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi emincane engase ivele ingaphathwa kalula odokotela.
- Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha elawula izimpawu futhi yenza impilo ibe lula, kodwa akuyona indlela yokwelapha elapha ngokuphelele izifo eziningi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngalokhu kwelashwa nodokotela wakho futhi uxazulule zonke izinkinga zakho.
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