Ake sifunde konke mayelana 'neSifo se-Pneumococcal' esithinta hhayi amaphaphu nezindlebe zakho kuphela, kodwa nomzimba wakho wonke, nge-Nirogi Lanka.

Wake wabhekana nalokho okwaqala njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, kodwa kwaze kwaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngisho ne-pneumonia? Noma mhlawumbe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuba nezifo zezindlebe? Esinye sezimbangela ezivamile zalezi zinkinga yibhaktheriya 'ye-pneumococcal', esixoxa ngayo namuhla. Sicela ungakhathazeki; ngokuqonda lesi simo ngokucacile, ungazivikela wena nomndeni wakho, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uyalulama ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukugula. Kwa- Nirogi Lanka , ake sihambe ngemininingwane ebalulekile ndawonye, ​​akunjalo?

Siyini isifo se-Pneumococcal? Kalula nje...

Isifo se-pneumococcal siwukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane (i-Streptococcus pneumoniae) , okwaziwa nangokuthi 'i-pneumococcus.' Lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo, okusho ukuthi singasakazeka sisuka kumuntu siye komunye. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugula okubangelwayo kungaba kuncane, njengokutheleleka kwe-sinus (i-Sinusitis) . Kodwa-ke, kungaholela nasezimweni ezimbi, ezisongela ukuphila njenge-pneumonia, ukutheleleka kwegazi (i-sepsis), noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nomgogodla (i-bacterial meningitis). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo zelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemithi yokugoma etholakalayo yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Le mithi yokugoma ibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala. Ngikukhuthaza ukuthi uthintane nodokotela womndeni wakho ukuze nixoxe ngokuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma efanele wena nomndeni wakho ukuze nihlale nivikelekile eNirogi Lanka.

Ingabe i-Pneumonia kanye ne-Pneumococcal Disease ziyinto efanayo?

Leli iphuzu elivamile lokudideka. Cabanga 'ngesifo se-pneumococcal' njengegama elibanzi elichaza noma yikuphi ukugula okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae . I-pneumococcal pneumonia ingenye yalezo zifo. Kodwa-ke, yisifo esivame kakhulu nesingathi sína esibangelwa yila magciwane.

Khumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-pneumonia abangelwa yi-pneumococcus. Amanye amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nesikhunta kungabangela i-pneumonia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutholakala nje kwe-pneumonia akusho ukuthi yi-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ingabe lokho kunengqondo?

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezahlukene ezingaba yi-100 ze -Streptococcus pneumoniae . Lezi ngokuvamile ziwela ezigabeni ezimbili:

1. Ayihlaseli: Lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile azibi kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kuhlala kusendaweni futhi akusabalali egazini noma ezithweni zomzimba ezibalulekile.

2. Okuhlaseliwe: Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Lapha, amabhaktheriya angena egazini noma ezindaweni ezivame ukuba yizinhlayiya (njengobuchopho noma amathambo) noma atheleleke ezithweni ezibalulekile njengamaphaphu.

Yiziphi izifo ezithile ezingabangelwa yileli gciwane?

Leli gciwane lingabangela ukutheleleka cishe noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ake sibheke amathuba.

Izimo ezinzima, ezisongela ukuphila (ezihlaselayo):

Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo. Uma usola lezi zimpawu, funa usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

• I-Bacteremia: Amabhaktheriya angena egazini.
• I-Bacterial Meningitis: Ukutheleleka kwe-membranes emboze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla.
• I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Ukutheleleka okuhlasela amathambo.
• I-Septic Arthritis: Ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kwezikhala zamalunga.
• I-Sepsis: Impendulo esongela impilo ebangelwa ukutheleleka okukhulu.

Okubalulekile: Izimo ezifana ne-pneumococcal meningitis kanye ne-bacteremia zingaholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho unomphela, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ngisho nesidingo sokunqunywa kwamalungu omzimba. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo, lezi zimo zingaba yingozi.

Izimo ezithambile kakhulu (ezingahlaseli):

• I-Bronchitis: Ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi e-bronchial okuholela emaphashini.
• I-Otitis Media: Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwendlebe ephakathi.
• I-Conjunctivitis: Iso elipinki noma ukutheleleka kobuso beso.
• I-Sinusitis: Ukutheleleka kwezikhala ze-sinus ebunzini lakho nasezihlathini.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-pneumococcal?

Nakuba noma ubani engangenwa yilesi sifo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kakhulu.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili zisengozini enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezinezimo ezilandelayo zibhekene nengozi enkulu:

• Labo abane-Cochlear Implants.
• Labo abanokuvuza kwe-Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).
• Labo abanesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
• Labo abanezifo zezinso, njenge-Nephrotic Syndrome.
• Labo abanesifo se-Sickle Cell, noma labo abane-spleen eyonakele noma engekho.
• Labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (ngenxa yemithi, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, umdlavuza, noma i-HIV/AIDS).

Phakathi kwabantu abadala, labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu, kanye nabanye abangase babe sengozini.

• Abantu abaneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu .
• Abantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala .
• Labo abanokuvuza kolwelo lomgogodla (CSF) .
• Abantu abahlushwa yizimo zesikhathi eside (ezingamahlalakhona) njengesifo samaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo , isifo sesibindi, noma isifo sezinso.
• Ababhemayo bamanje.
• Abantu abane- cochlear implants .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu zingadlala indima. Ungase uthole ukuthi lokhu kutheleleka kuvame kakhulu ezinyangeni ezibandayo nezomile zonyaka.

Sivame kangakanani isifo se-pneumococcal?

Lesi yisimo esivamile. Ngokwe-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cishe amacala angu-2,000 e-pneumococcal meningitis abikwa minyaka yonke e-United States kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangaphezu kuka-150,000 bangeniswa esibhedlela minyaka yonke ngenxa ye-pneumococcal pneumonia.

I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal yisifo esivame kakhulu esibangelwa yi- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium. Nakuba izimo eziningi ze-pneumonia ebuntwaneni zibangelwa yigciwane, leli gciwane lihlala liyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-pneumonia yamagciwane ezinganeni.

Ingabe iyathelelana, futhi isakazeka kanjani?

Yebo, iyathelelana. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane, bangathwala amagciwane e -Streptococcus pneumoniae ekhaleni nasemphinjeni ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zokugula (laba bantu baziwa ngokuthi 'abathwali'). Ngisho noma laba bantu bezizwa bephilile ngokuphelele, basengakudlulisela kuwe amagciwane.

Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula noma uketshezi lwamakhala . Lokhu kwenzeka uma:

• Ukhohliwe.
• Umuntu othile uthimula eduze kwakho.
• Niyabelana ngezinto, nithinta izindawo ezingcolisiwe, noma nithintana eduze njengokuqabulana.

Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi banalo leli gciwane ngaphandle kwezimpawu, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi lithelelana nini kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma usuqalile ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal, cishe ngeke usathelelana ngemva kosuku noma ezimbili.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani.

Ezifweni ezincane, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu bendawo, umkhuhlane, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile:

• Ezifweni zendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media) , ungase uzwe ingcindezi ngemuva kwe-eardrum, ubuhlungu bendlebe, kanye nokukhathala. Isibonelo, uma ingane yakho ikhala ngokuzumayo ngobuhlungu bendlebe, izizwa ikhathele, noma iba nomkhuhlane, lokhu kungaba yimbangela.
• Uma unezifo ze-sinus (sinusitis) , ungase uzwe ukuminyana kwamakhala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa yiphunga (anosmia).

Kodwa-ke, isifo se-pneumococcal singaholela nasezimweni ezisongela ukuphila nezinzima.

Uma unesifo se-pneumonia, ungase ubhekane nalezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela (ngokuvamile kuba ne-phlegm).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda okubangelwa ukuthuthumela.

Ezimweni ezifana ne-meningitis (ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lobuchopho), funa:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ezinsaneni, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukungondli kahle, noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia).

Uma amabhaktheriya engena egazini lakho, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-bacteremia , ungase ubhekane nalokhu:

• Ukugodola okukhulu nokuthuthumela.
• Imfiva.
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka kwengqondo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, umzimba wakho ungase usabele ngokweqile ekuthelelekeni, okuholela ekuvuvukeni okusabalele okubizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis . Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukudideka okukhulu.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-dyspnea).
• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
• Ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, lokhu kungaba yingozi.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha! Uma wena noma ingane yakho niba nomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38.06°C (100.5°F), ubuhlungu besifuba obuqhubekayo, noma ninenkinga yokuphefumula, vakashela udokotela wakho noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela benza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze bathole igciwane le -Streptococcus pneumoniae futhi banqume ezinye izimo eziyisisekelo. Ekuqaleni, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu zamanje.

Ngemva kwalokhu, banga-oda izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (Inani Eliphelele Legazi noma i-CBC).
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum (uma unesifo samaphaphu).
• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• Ukubhoboza kwe-lumbar (uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona i-meningitis).

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi, futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Iningi lezifo ezibangelwa yi-pneumococcal zingelashwa ngempumelelo uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi ngama -antibiotic . Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya seziye zamelana nama-antibiotic athile (ukumelana nama-antibiotic). Lokhu kusho ukuthi leyo mithi ethile ingase ingawabulali amabhaktheriya, okudinga udokotela wakho ukuba azame ezinye izindlela.

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nohlobo lwe-antibiotic kuncike endaweni kanye nobukhulu besifo.

Uma unezifo ezincane nezingembi kangako, udokotela wakho eNirogi Lanka angase futhi ancome:

• Ukuphuza uketshezi okwandisiwe.
• Imithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu.
• Ukuphumula okwanele.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lobuchopho), ungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okujulile. Uma ungelashwa, ukutheleleka okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, noma ngisho nokufa.

Ingabe isifo se-pneumococcal singasongela ukuphila?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-pneumococcal kuncane; noma kunjalo, leli gciwane lingabangelaizifo ezinzima nezisongela ukuphila. Uma zingaxilongwa futhi zelashwe ngokushesha, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha sochwepheshe ngokushesha futhi ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Singazivikela kanjani? Yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yesifo se-pneumococcal ukugonywa. Njengamanje, kunconywa imijovo ye-pneumococcal yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala (Lokhu kuyingxenye yesheduli ejwayelekile yokugoma izingane).
• Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanezinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona noma amasosha omzimba abuthaka abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu.
• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-19 no-64 ubudala abanezimo ezithile zempilo noma izici eziyingozi.
• Abantu abahlala noma abasebenza emakhaya asebekhulile noma ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Sicela uthintane nodokotela wakho ukuze unqume ukuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugomela ofanele wena noma ingane yakho nokuthi kufanele uwuthole nini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugomela umkhuhlane wesizini. Le mijovo emibili ivame ukunikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ingabe imijovo ye-pneumococcal iphephile ngempela?

Yebo, imijovo ye-pneumococcal iphephile. Ayikwazi ukubangela isifo se-pneumococcal. Noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba mnene futhi ayivamile, ngokuvamile iphela phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungase ube nobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu endaweni yomjovo. Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye bangase bezwe ubuhlungu bemisipha, izinhlungu zamalunga, noma umkhuhlane omncane. Uma unenkinga mayelana nokuphepha komjovo, sicela uxoxe ngayo nodokotela wakho.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kulesi sifo?

Isikhathi sokululama sincike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka kanye nobunzima balo. Ezimweni eziningi ezincane, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala inkambo yama-antibiotic. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka okukhulu kungaholela ezimweni ezingapheli zesikhathi eside noma ukukhubazeka.

Uma ngike ngaba nayo kanye, ingabe angikwazi ukuyiphinda ngiyithole?

Ukuba nokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal akunikezi amasosha omzimba ahlala isikhathi eside. Ukugoma kuseyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi ngisho nemigomo ayinikezi amasosha omzimba angu-100%, kodwa inikeza isivikelo esingcono kakhulu esitholakalayo.

Ingabe kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile ngenxa yokwesaba?

Cha. Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma enqunywe udokotela wakho. Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo yemithi njengoba kuyalelwe, isikhathi sonke. Ukuthi nje ubuseduze nomuntu onesifo akusho ukuthi uzosithola wena.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

Nakuba umcabango wesifo se-pneumococcal ungaba yinto ekhathazayo, ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kanye nokwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotic kungakusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha futhi kuvame ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesinyathelo esibalulekile ongasithatha ukuze uzivikele wena nabathandekayo bakho: umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal. Khuluma nodokotela eNirogi Lanka ukuze ufunde ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho ningahlala kanjani niphilile futhi nivikelekile. Impilo yakho iyingcebo yakho enkulu!

I-Nirogi Lanka Amathegi: Isifo se-pneumococcal, Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal, i-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-pneumonia, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, impilo yengane, izifo zokuphefumula