Ake sifunde kabanzi ngesifo se-Pneumococcal, isifo esithinta hhayi amaphaphu nezindlebe zakho kuphela, kodwa nomzimba wakho wonke.

Wake waba nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane owaqala njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane nje, wabe usuphenduka into engathi sína kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngisho ne-pneumonia? Noma ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuthola izifo zendlebe? Esinye sezizathu zalokhu kungaba amagciwane esikhuluma ngawo namuhla abizwa ngokuthi 'i-pneumococcal'. Ungakhathazeki, uma ukwazi lokhu, ungazivikela kakhulu futhi ululame ngokushesha uma ukutholile. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, akunjalo?

Siyini isifo se-Pneumococcal? Kalula nje...

Isifo se-pneumococcal siwukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pneumococcus). Siyathelelana, okusho ukuthi singasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Ngezinye izikhathi singaba sincane, njengokutheleleka kwe-sinus (sinusitis). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi singaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezisongela ukuphila njenge-pneumonia, i-sepsis, noma i-bacterial meningitis. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokukwelapha ngokushesha.

Ama-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa njengokwelashwa kwalokhu. Futhi, kunemithi yokugoma yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Le mithi yokugoma ibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile. Kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma efanele wena nomndeni wakho.

Ingabe i-pneumonia nesifo se-pneumococcal ziyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene? Noma ingabe ziyinto efanayo?

Lena indawo lapho abantu abaningi bebhajwa khona. Cabanga ngakho, isifo se-pneumococcal yigama elivamile lanoma yisiphi isifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ye-pneumococcal. I-pneumococcal pneumonia ingenye nje yalezo zifo. Kodwa yisifo esivame kakhulu, esinzima kancane, esibangelwa yileli bhaktheriya.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-pneumonia abangelwa ama-bacteria e-pneumococcus. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-bacteria, ama-virus, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-fungus nazo zingabangela i-pneumonia. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngoba nje umuntu une-pneumonia, akudingeki ukuthi kube yi-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal. Uyaqonda?

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezingaba yi-100 ezahlukene zaleli gciwane (i-Streptococcus pneumoniae). Lezi zibangela izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo se-pneumococcal:

1. Okungahlaseli: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Luncane kancane kunezinye izinhlobo. Kulolu hlobo, ukutheleleka akusabalali ezithweni ezinkulu noma egazini.

2. Okuhlaseliwe: Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Kulolu hlobo, amabhaktheriya angena egazini, noma atheleleke ezindaweni lapho amabhaktheriya ngokuvamile kungafanele abe khona (njengobuchopho, amathambo), noma isitho esikhulu njengamaphaphu.

Yiziphi izifo ezingabangelwa yileli gciwane le-pneumococcus?

La magciwane angabangela ukutheleleka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.

Izifo ezinzima, ezisongela ukuphila (ezihlaselayo):

Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

• I-Bacteremia: Yilapho amabhaktheriya engena egazini.
• I-Bacterial Meningitis: Kalula nje, umkhuhlane wobuchopho.
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu `(I-pneumonia):` Yilokhu okuyi-pneumonia.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane ethanjeni.
• I-Septic Arthritis: Ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kwamalunga.
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu nokuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke (i-Sepsis): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amagciwane engena egazini (i-septicemia), okuholela empendulweni yokuvuvukala okukhulu emzimbeni.

Okubalulekile: Izimo ezifana ne-pneumococcal meningitis (umkhuhlane wobuchopho) kanye ne-bacteremia (ubuthi egazini) zingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokunqunywa. Uma kungelashwa kahle, kungaholela ngisho nasekufeni.

Izifo ezingaba yingozi kangako (ezingahlaseli):

• I-Bronchitis: Ukutheleleka kwamapayipi e-bronchial aholela kusuka emphinjeni kuya emaphashini.
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis Media): Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuvamile ezinganeni ezincane.
• Isifo samehlo (Conjunctivitis): Amehlo abomvu, alumayo.
• I-Sinusitis: Ukutheleleka kwezikhala zomoya (ama-sinus) ebunzini nasemadlelweni.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole isifo se-pneumococcal?

Empeleni, noma ubani angasithola lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokusithola.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili zinamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo. Futhi, izingane ezinezimo ezilandelayo zisengozini enkulu:

• Kubantwana abane-cochlear implants.
• Izingane ezivuzayo ngenxa yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).
• Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
• Izingane ezinezimo ezihlobene nezinso, njenge-Nephrotic Syndrome.
• Izingane ezinesifo se-sickle cell, noma labo asebenobende obonakele noma abasusiwe.
• Izingane ezinezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (njengalezo ezithathwe emithini ethile, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, umdlavuza, noma i-HIV/AIDS).

Asebekhulile kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Futhi:

• Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu .
• Kulabo abalutha utshwala (i-Alcohol Use Disorder).
• Kubantu abanokuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla (i-CSF leak).
• Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona), isifo senhliziyo, isifo sesibindi, noma isifo sezinso.
• Kulabo ababhemayo.
• Kulabo abane-cochlear implants.

Futhi, isimo sezulu singadlala indima. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela ezinyangeni ezibandayo nezomile.

Sivame kangakanani isifo se-pneumococcal?

Empeleni lesi yisifo esivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), cishe amacala angu-2,000 e-pneumococcal meningitis abikwa minyaka yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangaphezu kuka-150,000 balaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumococcal pneumonia.

I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal yisifo esivame kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane (i-Streptococcus pneumoniae). Nakuba iningi lama-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane libangelwa amagciwane, i-pneumococcus bacteria iyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ezinganeni.

Ingabe lesi yisifo esithelelanayo? Sidluliselwa kanjani ngempela?

Yebo, iyathelelana. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, bangathwala igciwane elithi `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)` emakhaleni nasemphinjeni ngaphandle kokubangela ukugula (sibabiza ngokuthi 'abathwali'). Ngisho noma bengenazo izimpawu, basengalisabalalisa kwabanye.

Idluliselwa kanjani? Ngokuyinhloko ngamaconsi amathe noma ama-mucus (i-sputum). Okungukuthi:

• Uma ukhwehlela.
• Uma uthimula.
• Uma sithintana, sishintshana izinto esizisebenzisile, noma siqabulana.

Njengoba abantu abaningi bethwala leli gciwane ngaphandle kokugula, kunzima ukusho ukuthi lithelelana nini ngqo. Kodwa-ke, uma usuthole ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal futhi uqala ukwelashwa, cishe uzoyeka ukulisabalalisa kwabanye phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi kanye nobunzima bako.

Ezifweni ezivamile nezingenamandla kangako, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethelelekile:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis Media) okubangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka ngemuva kwe-eardrum, ubuhlungu bendlebe, kanye nokukhathala. Cabanga ngengane yakho encane ngokuzumayo ikhala ngobuhlungu bendlebe, ibonakale ibuthakathaka, futhi ingase ibe nomkhuhlane.
• Ukutheleleka kwama-sinus (i-Sinusitis) kungabangela ukuminyana kwamakhala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulahlekelwa yiphunga (i-Anosmia).

Kodwa-ke, isifo se-pneumococcal singabangela izimo ezimbi kakhulu nezisongela ukuphila.

Uma unesifo se-pneumonia, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela (mhlawumbe nge-phlegm).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda.

Esimweni esifana ne-meningitis, ungalindela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Imfiva.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Kubantwana abancane, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukuncipha kokudla ubisi, kanye nokuhlanza.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (kubonakala kunzima ukubheka izibani ezikhanyayo).

Uma unebhaktheriya egazini lakho (i-Bacteremia) , lezi zinto zingenzeka:

• Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela.
• Imfiva.
• Ukudideka.

Ngezinye izikhathi, umzimba ungasabela kakhulu ekuvuvukeni kokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis . Izimpawu zayo zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya (i-Dyspnea).
• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukujuluka.
• Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, ukufa kungavela.

Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo! Uma wena noma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38.06 (100.5 Fahrenheit), ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, bona udokotela ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Odokotela bahlola amagciwane `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)`. Bahlola nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Okokuqala, udokotela uzokuxilonga bese ebuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu zamanje.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwenza izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (Inani Eliphelele Legazi noma i-CBC).
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela (uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka emaphashini).
• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• Ukubhoboza Kwe-Lumbar (uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ithumba lobuchopho).

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Iningi lezifo ezibangelwa yi-pneumococcal lingelapheka uma libonakala kusenesikhathi futhi lelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi amabhaktheriya angaba namandla okumelana nama-antibiotic athile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi ayibulali amabhaktheriya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela kungase kudingeke azame ezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotic.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nohlobo lwe-antibiotic olunikezwayo kungahluka, kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nobunzima bokutheleleka.

Ngezifo ezivamile nezingembi kangako, udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome okulandelayo:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi.
• Izibulali-zinhlungu.
• Ukuphumula.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njenge-meningitis, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Ukutheleleka okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekuguleni isikhathi eside (okungamahlalakhona), ukukhubazeka, noma ngisho nokufa.

Ingabe isifo se-pneumococcal singasongela ukuphila?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-pneumococcal akukubi kangako. Kodwa-ke, leli gciwane lingakwaziKungabangela izifo ezingathi sína nezisongela ukuphila. Uma lesi sifo singaqashelwa futhi singalashwa ngokushesha, singaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ezisolisayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi ulandele imiyalelo yakhe ngokucophelela.

Singazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo? Yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola isifo se-pneumococcal ukugonywa. Njengamanje, kunconywa imijovo ye-pneumococcal yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Kwabantwana abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. (Eqinisweni, lokhu kufakiwe ohlelweni lokugoma olujwayelekile lwezingane ezincane eSri Lanka).
• Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okungenzeka ukuthi basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-pneumococcal.
• Kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu .
• Kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-19 no-64 abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi.
• Kulabo abahlala noma abasebenza emakhaya asebekhulile noma kwezinye izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugomela ofanele wena noma ingane yakho nokuthi uwuthola nini. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wesizini yamanje. Ungathola yomibili imithi yokugomela ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ingabe le mithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal iphephile ngempela?

Yebo, imijovo ye-pneumococcal iphephile. Ayibangeli isifo se-pneumococcal. Imiphumela emibi ayivamile futhi ivame ukuba mincane. Iyaphela phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokubomvu endaweni yomjovo. Akuvamile kakhulu, izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nomkhuhlane zingavela. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuphepha kwemijovo, buza udokotela wakho.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kulesi sifo?

Isikhathi sokululama esifweni se-pneumococcal sincike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka kanye nobunzima baso. Ngokuvamile, ezimweni ezincane, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala ama-antibiotic. Akuvamile, ukutheleleka okukhulu kungabangela ukugula noma ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside (okungamahlalakhona).

Uma uke waphathwa yilesi sifo, ngeke yini siphinde senzeke?

Ukuba nesifo se-pneumococcal kanye akukuvikeli ekusitholeni futhi. Ukugonywa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imijovo ayinikezi isivikelo esingu-100%.

Ingabe kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngenxa yokwesaba ukugula?

Cha. Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekunike wona. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthatha yonke imithi oyinikelwe isikhathi sonke. Akuwona wonke umuntu oguliswa ukuba seduze nomuntu onesifo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kulokhu yilezi:

Igama elithi isifo se-pneumococcal ngezinye izikhathi lingazwakala liyesabisa kancane. Kodwa,Uma ubona lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ungalulama ngokushesha. Ezimweni eziningi, ungavimbela nezinkinga ezinkulu. Uma uqala ukuba nezimpawu ezisolisayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola ukwelashwa.

Futhi, kunesinyathelo esisodwa esibalulekile ongasithatha ukuze uzivikele wena nabathandekayo bakho kulesi sifo se-pneumococcal - futhi leso ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal. Buza udokotela ukuthi ukuthola lo muthi kungakusiza kanjani wena nomndeni wakho nihlale niphilile futhi niphephile. Ukuhlala niphilile yikho okubalulekile!

Isifo se - Pneumococcal, Isifo se-Pneumococcal, i-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Pneumonia, Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane, Umuthi Wokugomela i-Pneumococcal, Impilo Yengane, Ukutheleleka Kokuphefumula