Ingabe isifuba sakho sizwakala siqinile? Ake sifunde nge-pneumomediastinum!

Wake waba nobuhlungu obungazelelwe esifubeni sakho kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula? Noma wake wazizwa uvuvukele entanyeni noma ebusweni bakho ngokuzumayo? Mhlawumbe isimo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla sibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumomediastinum. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.

Iyini ngempela i-pneumomediastinum?

Kalula nje, i-pneumomediastinum ukuqongelela komoya esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamaphaphu akho, lapho inhliziyo yakho ikhona khona. Kwezokwelapha, lesi sikhala sibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum. Kufana nebhaluni eligcwala umoya, futhi kwenzeka lapho umoya uvuza kulesi sikhala esibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum.

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kwengozi, ukugula, noma ukuhlinzwa. Ngokwalo, lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumomediastinum, singase sibonakale singenangozi. Kodwa-ke, imbangela eyisisekelo ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi "i-mediastinal emphysema."

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ikakhulukazi:

1. I-Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum (SPM): Kulokhu, umoya uyaqongelela ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, ukulimala, noma ukugula. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela ingase ingatholakali.

2. I-Pneumomediastinum yesibili: Lokhu kubangelwa yinto efana nengozi, ukugula, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ivame kangakanani i-pneumomediastinum?

Empeleni lesi akusona isimo esivamile kakhulu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-25,000 abaneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 nengu-34. Leli yiqembu leminyaka elinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-SPM.

Ingabe lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo? Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke?

Nansi into edinga ukuqondwa kahle.

• Uma une -pneumomediastinum (SPM) ezenzakalelayo , okusho ukuthi yenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, ngokuvamile akuyona into ephuthumayo.
• Kodwa-ke, uma i-mediastinum yakho igcwele umoya ngenxa yengozi noma ukugula (uhlobo lwesibili), idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni futhi uphefumula kanzima, kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjalo, hamba ngokushesha esibhedlela esiseduze.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumomediastinum ne-pneumothorax?

Lokhu okubili kungaba yinto edidayo kancane.

• I-PneumothoraxLokhu kusho ukuthi elinye lamaphaphu akho liwile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umoya ugcwala phakathi kwamaphaphu nodonga lwesifuba. Ukucindezela kwalowo moya kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu awile.
• I-Pneumomediastinum ukuqongelela komoya esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamaphaphu (i-mediastinum).

Kalula nje, ku-pneumothorax, umoya uzungeze amaphaphu, kanti ku-pneumomediastinum, umoya uphakathi kwamaphaphu amabili. Uyaqonda?

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo yini lezi

Akuwona wonke umuntu ongase abe nezimpawu, kodwa izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu phakathi kwesifuba noma eduze kwethambo lesifuba. Lobuhlungu bungasakazekela ezingalweni noma entanyeni. Lobuhlungu bungakhula nalapho uphefumula noma ugwinya. Cabanga nje, njengokungathi othile ucindezela isifuba sakho.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• I-subcutaneous emphysema yisimo lapho amabhamuza omoya ezwakala sengathi angaphansi kwesikhumba sobuso, intamo, noma isifuba. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi kunezimbobo ezincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi kungenza umsindo "okhalayo" uma ucindezelwa ngomunwe.
• Ukuvuvukala kwentamo noma ubuso.
• Izinguquko zezwi, isibonelo, izwi liba phezulu.

Abanye abantu bangaba ne-pneumomediastinum ngaphandle kwalezi zimpawu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

I-Pneumomediastinum ivame ukubangelwa ukulimala kwesitho noma isakhiwo esingaphakathi komzimba wakho, okubangela ukuthi umoya uvuze ungene ku-mediastinum. Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka:

• Umphimbo wakho (i-trachea) noma i-bronchi (i-bronchi)
• I-Alveoli (amasaka amancane omoya emaphashini)
• Ipayipi elisuka emphinjeni liye esiswini, okungukuthi, i-esophagus (`Esophagus`)
• Amathumbu

Umoya uvuza ungene ku-mediastinum usuka endaweni efana nale.

I-spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) ingabangelwa nanoma yini ekhuphula ingcindezi esifubeni sakho ngokuzumayo (nakuba lokhu kungavamile). Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela nhlobo.

Ezinye izizathu ezithile zingaba:

• Ukulimala okukhulu esifubeni , njengengozi yemoto.
• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Amasaka amancane omoya (i-alveoli) emaphashini ayaqhuma.
• Ukubhoboka noma ukudabuka kwendlela yokuphefumula noma yokugaya ukudla (Umgudu wesisu noma indlela ye-GI).
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, isikhunta, noma amagciwane.
• Izinto ezikhuphula umfutho wesifuba ngokuzumayo, njengokukhwehlela , ukuthimula, noma ukuhlanza . Cabanga nje, abanye abantu bangabhekana nalesi simo uma bekhwehlela kakhulu.
• Ukuzikhandla lapho uya endlini yangasese.
• Ukusunduza ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
• Ukuphefumula izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine noma insangu.
• Ukuntweza emanzini.
• Umoya womoya osebenza ngomshini.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo uma:

• Uma ubhema.
• Uma unezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu).
• Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa eziphefumulelwe.
• Uma usanda kuhlinzwa esiswini sakho, entanyeni, noma esifubeni.
• Uma usanda kubeletha umntwana.

Ingabe i-pneumomediastinum ingabangela izinkinga?

Izinkinga ezibangelwa yilesi simo azivamile, kodwa zingaba yingozi empilweni futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Izinkinga ezinjalo zifaka:

• Umoya oqongelelekile ungabangela ingcindezi ezungeze amaphaphu futhi ubangele ukuthi iphaphu elilodwa liwe (i-pneumothorax).
• Umoya ungahamba usuka ku-mediastinum uye esikhaleni esiphakathi kwe-pericardium nenhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-pneumopericardium .
• Uma umoya omningi uqongelela, ungacindezela izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kwesifuba, njengenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, zingase zingasebenzi kahle.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela uvame ukuxilonga i-pneumomediastinum nge-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan), ethatha izithombe zengaphakathi lesifuba.

Uma udokotela elalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope, uma ezwa umsindo "wokuchoboza" esigqini senhliziyo yakho eshaya, lokho futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona umoya ku-mediastinum (isibonakaliso sikaHamman). Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyalwa ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray kanye ne-CT scans.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi amacala amaningi e-pneumomediastinum awadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ngaphandle kokuthi kukhulu, umzimba wakho uzozihlanza kancane kancane umoya ngokwawo. Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen kungasiza ekusheshiseni inqubo.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesinye isimo sempilo esiyisisekelo (isib. ukutheleleka, ukulimala kwesitho sangaphakathi), udokotela wakho uzobe eselapha leso simo.

Ukwelashwa uma ulaliswe esibhedlela:

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angakugcina esibhedlela ukuze uhlolwe noma welashwe izinsuku ezingama-24 noma ngaphezulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungathola ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo owengeziwe kusiza umzimba ukuthi umunce umoya ngokushesha.
• Imithi: Imithi efana nemithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela inikezwa ukulawula izimpawu kuze kube yilapho umzimba umunca umoya owengeziwe.
• Ukufuthwa kwenaliti: Lena inqubo engavamile kakhulu . Kuphela uma umoya usuqongelelene waze wafika ezingeni lapho ubeka khona ingcindezi enkulu ezakhiweni zomzimba, lapho udokotela efaka khona inalithi ukuze akhiphe umoya othile, noma bazofaka ipayipi elincane (i-drain).

Ingabe i-pneumomediastinum ingaba yingozi?

I-Pneumomediastinum ngokwayo ayibulali. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangelwa ezinye izimo zempilo ezimbi nezisongela ukuphila. Udokotela wakho uzothola imbangela yokunqwabelana komoya futhi ayelaphe uma kudingeka.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisimo esingavamile futhi abacwaningi abakaqondi ngokugcwele zonke izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi, azikho izindlela eziqondile zokusivimbela. Ukungabhemi nokungasebenzisi izinto ezifuthwayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

• Abantu abane -spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) bavame ukuhlala esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezintathu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kufanele bahlale isonto noma ngaphezulu.
• Abantu abathola i-pneumomediastinum ngenxa yembangela eyisisekelo (uhlobo lwesibili) kungadingeka bahlale esibhedlela amasonto amaningana, kuye ngokuthi isimo esiyisisekelo sibucayi kangakanani.

Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?

• I-spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) ivame ukuxazululeka yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona inkinga yezempilo eyisisekelo, ingozi yokuphinda ivele iphansi.
• Izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo ezibangele lokhu ngezinye izikhathi zingelashwa.

Ngakho-ke, ikusasa liphetheni? (I-Outlook)

Ikusasa lakho lincike ekutheni yini eyabangela ukuthi umoya uqoqeke ku-mediastinum yakho.

• Abantu abane -pneumomediastinum (SPM) ezenzakalelayo bayalulama ngokuphelele, futhi ukuphinda kwenzeke akuvamile kakhulu.
• Uma une -pneumomediastinum yesibili , ukululama kwakho kuzoncika ebunzimeni besimo sakho esiyisisekelo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimo eziyisisekelo ezibangela i-pneumomediastinum zingaba yingozi.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala kobuso, noma ushintsho olungazelelwe ezwini lakho, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuhlinzwa noma ubelethe, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kobuso noma entanyeni.
• Ukucasuka/ukuquleka.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma ubona udokotela, kuzokusiza ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Yini ebangela lesi simo kimi?
• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Indlela yokwelapha imbangela?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki futhi?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) ngokuvamile ayiyona into embi kakhulu, kodwa kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, i-secondary pneumomediastinum, eyenzeka ngemva kokugula noma ingozi, idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwembangela eyinhloko. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngesimo sakho esithile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uzolile, unake izimpawu zakho, futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kudingeka.

I- Pneumomediastinum, umoya esifubeni, amaphaphu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, i-mediastinum, i-pneumothorax