Kwabaningi ezweni lakithi, igama elithi "polio" lingase lizwakale njengesifo esingajwayelekile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi, ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugoma eziphumelelayo ezweni lakithi, lesi sifo siye salawulwa kwaze kwaba yilapho singezwakali khona. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isifo okufanele sisikhohlwe ngokuphelele. I-polio igciwane eliyingozi kakhulu, elingalapheki, futhi elingabulala elingaholela ngisho nasekukhubazekeni unomphela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-polio?
Uvendle, noma ngokwezokwelapha "i-Poliomyelitis", yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Poliovirus." Leli gciwane lithinta kakhulu umphimbo wethu namathumbu.
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo asibangeli zimpawu, noma izimpawu ezincane nje njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, esimweni esibi kakhulu, igciwane lingasakazeka ebuchosheni bethu nasemgogodleni (intambo yemizwa engaphakathi komgogodla). Uma lokho kwenzeka, imisipha esisisiza ukuphefumula, ukukhuluma, ukugwinya, nokunyakaza kwamalungu ethu ingakhubazeka futhi ife .
Nakuba i-polio ingakaqedwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni, ukugoma kusize ekuyiqedeni emazweni amaningi. Ngenxa yamandla okugoma sikwazile ukulawula lesi sifo esibi esakhubaza futhi sabulala izinkulungwane zabantu eminyakeni engaba ngu-70 eyedlule. Kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi uma i-polio ikhona noma kuphi emhlabeni, uma abantu beyeka ukugoma, kungenzeka ukuthi isakazeke futhi.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-polio?
Uvendle ungahluka kusukela komnene kuya konzima kakhulu. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, iningi labantu abangenwe yivendle abanazo izimpawu. Abanye abantu bagula yi-flu futhi balulame ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngesimiso sabo sezinzwa.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, ake sibheke lezi zimpawu ngale ndlela.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezivamile ezifana nomkhuhlane | Umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, ubuhlungu besisu. |
| Izimpawu zokuvuvukala kobuchopho nomgogodla | Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukuzwela ukukhanya noma ukuthintwa, ukuqina kwentamo. |
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa | Ubuhlungu noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni nasemilenzeni (i-paresthesia) , ukudikiza kwemisipha, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, noma ukukhubazeka (lesi simo singathinta ukunyakaza, ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma). |
Ithelelwana kanjani i-polio?
Igciwane le-polio lisakazeka kalula kakhulu lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Lisakazeka kakhulu ngokuxhumana nendle yomuntu onegciwane. Lingasakazeka futhi ngamaconsi okuphefumula akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Kalula nje, ungathola i-polio ngalezi zindlela:
- Ukungagezi izandla kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese noma ukuthinta indle.
- Ukuphuza noma ukugwinya amanzi angcolile.
- Ukubhukuda emanzini angcolile (kufaka phakathi amachibi okubhukuda) lapho kukhona khona igciwane.
- Ukudla ukudla okuhlanziwe ngamanzi angcolile noma ukuthintwa ngezandla ezingcolile.
- Ukuthinta indawo (isib. izibambo zomnyango, amathoyizi) enegciwane kuyo bese uthinta umlomo noma impumulo yakho ngaleso sandla esifanayo.
- Ukusondelana eduze nomuntu onegciwane le-polio, noma ngabe akabonisi zimpawu.
Ngakho-ke, inhlanzeko, ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla kahle, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ezifweni ezifana ne-polio.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-polio, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Izingane ezincane ezingagonywanga ngokugcwele zisengozini enkulu.
- Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abangazange bagonywe beseyizingane nabo bangaba nalesi sifo.
- Uma uhlala noma uhamba uye emazweni lapho i-polio isasakazeke khona, nawe usengozini.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-polio
Iningi labantu liyalulama ekwelapheni i-polio ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, igciwane lingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Le miphumela ingavela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
- Ukukhubazeka:Ukukhubazeka kwezingalo, imilenze, noma imisipha yokuphefumula.
- Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-Encephalitis) noma ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla (i-Meningitis).
- I-Post-polio syndrome: Ubuthakathaka obusha bemisipha, ubuhlungu, kanye nokukhathala okwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuba isifo sesipholile.
- Ukufa: Ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka kwemisipha esiza ekuphefumuleni.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-polio?
Udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga i-polio ngokuhlola izimpawu zakho nokuhlola uketshezi lomzimba wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela udokotela wakho uma usanda kuhamba.
Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini igciwane le-polio:
- Isampula ye-swab yomphimbo
- Isampula yesihlalo
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- Ukuhlolwa koketshezi oluthathwe emgogodleni (ukubhobozwa kwe-Lumbar)
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-polio zifana kakhulu neze-flu evamile, udokotela wakho angase ahlole nezinye izifo.
Ingabe ikhona ikhambi le-polio?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu sonke okudingeka siyazi. Akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-polio okwamanje. Akukho muthi ongelapha lesi sifo ngokushesha.
Okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa ukunikeza ukwelashwa okusekelayo okuqeda izimpawu.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ngemisipha ebuthakathaka noma ekhubazekile.
- Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, kungadingeka uxhunywe emshinini okusiza ukuphefumula (i-ventilator).
Njengoba lesi sifo singelapheki, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuvimbela lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba siqale.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uke wathintana eduze nesiguli esine-polio futhi manje uzizwa ungaphilile, noma uma unemibuzo mayelana nomuthi wokugomela i-polio, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ikakhulukazi, uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha ngokuzumayo , hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) .
Yini ongayenza ukuze uthole impumuzo ekhaya?
Ngaphezu kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ungathola impumuzo ekhaya ngalezi zinto:
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi njengamanzi nesobho.
- Faka ama-compress afudumele ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu bemisipha.
- Phuza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (kodwa unganiki ingane imithi yokubulala izinhlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela ).
- Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca.
- Phumula kahle.
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu: ukuvimbela!
Indlela engcono kakhulu, ephumelela kakhulu, futhi okuwukuphela kwayo yokunciphisa ingozi ye-polio ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-polio . Lo muthi wokugomela uvame ukunikezwa usesemncane. Kuphoqelekile ukuba ingane yakho ithole lo muthi ngesikhathi ngokwesimiso sokugomela sikazwelonke sezwe lethu.
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wagonywa yini useyingane noma cha, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola iseluleko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuthi:
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nokushintsha inabukeni lengane yakho.
- Uma amanzi ahlanzekile engekho, phuza amanzi asemabhodleleni bese uwasebenzisa ekuphekeni.
I-polio ingaba yisifo esingavamile namuhla, kodwa asikaqedwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela wena nezingane zakho. Ngakho-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wena nawo wonke umuntu emndenini wakho niyazi kahle yini imigomo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho namuhla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-polio iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esingalapheki, futhi esikhubaza unomphela.
- Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukungcola, ikakhulukazi indle, okusabalala kalula.
- Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-polio, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuphela ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu nenamandla kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-polio.
- Qiniseka ukuthi imijovo yengane yakho ihambisana nesikhathi ngokwesimiso sokugoma sikazwelonke. Uma ungabaza, buza udokotela wakho.
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