Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kuthe 'i-Polychromasia'? Ake sibone ukuthi iyini! (i-Polychromasia)

Uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ngezinye izikhathi sibona amagama angajwayelekile embikweni, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe umbiko wakho wawunegama elithi `Polychromasia` noma `Polychromatophilia`. Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo uma uyibona. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu namuhla nje.

Kuyini 'i-Polychromasia'?

Kalula nje, i-`Polychromasia` isho ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi anemibala ehlukene. Lokhu kubonakala lapho kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho, libekwa kuslayidi yengilazi, lifakwe umbala okhethekile, bese libukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-`Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS)`.

Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aphilile futhi akhule kahle abonakala epinki ku-'PBS'. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona i-'Polychromasia', phakathi kwalawa maseli apinki, ungabona amangqamuzana ambalwa abukeka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ampunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma onsomi . Lawa maseli anemibala ehlukene avame ukuba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angavuthiwe . Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa maseli abomvu egazi angavuthiwe ngokuthi 'ama-Reticulocytes'.

I-Polychromasia empeleni isho ukuthi umongo wakho wethambo ukhipha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amasha, angakavuthwa (ama-Reticulocytes) egazini lakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Uyazi, umongo wethambo yingxenye ethambile, ethambile yomzimba wakho engaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu. Wonke amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho enziwa umongo wethambo. Kufana nefektri.

Kungani la maseli abomvu egazi ebukeka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani la maseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa (`ama-Reticulocyte`) ebukeka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isizathu ukuthi la ma-`Reticulocyte` aqukethe izinto zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-RNA'. Uma esabela nebala le-`PBS`, le 'RNA` iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le 'RNA` ifana nohlelo lwesikhashana esitokisini. Lapho i-`Reticulocyte` ivuthwa futhi iba yiseli legazi elibomvu eligcwele, le 'RNA` iyanyamalala.

Kubalulekile ukuhlonza lawa ma-'Reticulocyte' ku-'PBS'. Ngoba, ama-'Reticulocyte' ayiqembu lamaseli angakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kahle njengamaseli abomvu egazi avuthiwe ngokugcwele. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaseli abomvu egazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukuba namaseli amaningi angavuthiwe kusho ukuthi lowo msebenzi awukwenziwa kahle.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'Polychromasia'?

I-Polychromasia ingaba uphawu lwesifo esithile esingaphansi. Lesi simo sibangela ukuthi umongo wakho wamathambo ukhiphe amaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa angene egazini lakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi avuthiwe egazini lakho lehla. Umzimba uzama ukubuyisa ngokukhulula ama-reticulocyte ngokushesha emmongo wakho wamathambo aye egazini lakho.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani ungabona i-`Polychromasia`:

• I-Hemolytic Anemia: Lokhu kuyisifo segazi. Yilapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebhujiswa khona ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubhujiswa kungenzeka ngesivinini umzimba ongakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amasha. Lokhu kuholela ekuntulekeni kwegazi. I-Hemolytic anemia ingabangelwa nayizimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), i-Thalassemia, kanye ne-Sickle Cell Disease. Kungabangelwa futhi ukutheleleka okuthile kanye nemithi ethile.
• Ukulahlekelwa igazi okukhulu: Uma kukhona ukopha ngokweqile, ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, umongo wethambo uyakhuthazwa ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ama-reticulocyte abe esekhishwa egazini ukuze athathe indawo yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi alahlekile. Cabanga nje, uma ulahlekelwa igazi eliningi engozini enkulu, lokhu kungenzeka.
• Umdlavuza: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingasakazekela emnkantsheni futhi ziphazamise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, noma zingasunduza amangqamuzana egazi angakavuthwa angene egazini.
• Ukukhulelwa: Kuvamile ukuthi inani lama-'Reticulocytes' egazini libe phezulu kancane kunokujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka.
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme: Amazinga e-oksijini aphansi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Umzimba ungajwayela ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nokukhulula ama-reticulocyte egazini.

Izakhamzimba ezandisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uqala ukuthatha amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo, ungase ubone "i-Polychromasia" embikweni wakho wegazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho uyasabela. Uma ungatholi ngokwanele lezi zakhi ekudleni okudlayo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome:

• I-Vitamin B12 (`I-Vitamin B12`)
• I-Folic acid (`i-Folic acid`)
• Insimbi

Lezi zakhamzimba zibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Isibonelo, i-iron isiza ekwakheni i-hemoglobin, iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo emaseli abomvu egazi. I-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-folic acid kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni nasekuvuthweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'Polychromasia'?

Azikho izimpawu ezithile ze-Polychromasia. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nezimpawu ezibangelwa yisimo esiyisisekelo, njenge-anemia, esibangela i-Polychromasia.

Lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-anemia:

• Isikhumba esikhanyayo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia)
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension)
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma okumhlophe kwamehlo (i-Jaundice) - Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kwi-Hemolytic Anemia.
• Ukwanda kwe-spleen (`Splenomegaly`) noma isibindi (`Hepatomegaly`)

Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Konke kuncike esimweni esiyisisekelo esibangele i-polychromasia kanye nobunzima bayo.

Ungayibona kanjani i-'Polychromasia'?

Odokotela bangabona ukuthi une-polychromasia yini ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PBS (peripheral blood smear). Lokhu kuzobonisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (abizwa ngokuthi ama-reticulocytes) kusampula yegazi lakho, kanye namangqamuzana egazi abomvu avuthiwe ajwayelekile.

Khumbula, i-'Polychromasia' yinto ebonakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi, futhi akuyona 'ukuxilongwa' ngokwayo.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukusiza ekutholeni imbangela yesimo sakho. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuhlola izimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia (njenge-spleen ekhulisiwe noma isibindi). Ukuhlolwa okuqondile ozoba nakho kuzoncika esibangweni okucatshangwa ukuthi sithinta ukukhishwa kwama-reticulocytes emnkantsheni wakho wethambo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Polychromasia?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela ye-polychromasia yakho. Uma imbangela kuyi-anemia encane futhi ungenazo izimpawu ezinkulu, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esibucayi esibangela i-polychromasia yakho, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukwelashwa okufanele.

Lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Kwezinye izimo zofuzo ezifana neSickle Cell Disease noma ezimweni zokopha okukhulu.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Ezimweni ezifana ne-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ebhubhisa khona amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Lawa anganikezwa lapho amasosha omzimba ebhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi ukwelashwa okufana nama-corticosteroids akungasebenzi kahle.

Uma i-polychromasia ibangelwa ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, igciwane, noma i-parasitic, imithi ethile ingadingeka yalowo mkhuhlane. Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi, kungadingeka uyeke ukuthatha lowo muthi noma ushintshele komunye umuthi. Kodwa-ke, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ngokucophelela.

Ingabe kufanele wesabe i-'Polychromasia'?

Akunjalo ngempela. I-Polychromasia ingaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwegazi okudinga ukwelashwa, noma kungaba yinto engenangozi nhlobo. Isibonelo, uma ukhulelwe noma usanda kuqala ukuthatha izithasiselo zensimbi, lokhu kungaba yinto evamile.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngale miphumela futhi akuchazele ukuthi ingabe yinto okufanele ikhathazeke ngayo noma ukuthi kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia, njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya, hlela isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela. Okwamanje, ungayeki ukuhlolwa kwakho kwaminyaka yonke. Udokotela wakho angase aqaphe amaseli akho egazi ngokwenza izivivinyo ezifana ne-PBS uma kudingeka.

Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwegazi ingakunikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nempilo yakho iyonke. Ingakusiza futhi ukuthi ubone izimo zegazi ezingadinga ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ungakhathazeki uma ubona igama elithi `Polychromasia` embikweni wakho wegazi. Khumbula:

• I-"Polychromasia" iyincazelo, hhayi ukuxilongwa. Imane nje isho ukuthi unamaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa kakhulu kunavamile egazini lakho.
• Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo esithile esiyimfihlo, noma kungaba yinto engenangozi futhi yesikhashana.
• Uma unenkinga ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angachaza ukuthi lo mphumela uthinta kanjani wena.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uxhumana kahle nodokotela wakho. Yibo abaqonda impilo yakho kangcono.

I- Polychromasia, Amaseli Egazi Abomvu, Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi, Ama-Reticulocyte, Umnkantsha Wamathambo, I-Anemia