Wake wabona, noma wabhekana nokuqhuma kokuhleka okungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ukukhala okungalawuleki? Ngezinye izikhathi, usabela kakhulu entweni encane kunosizi noma injabulo oyizwayo. Uma uke waba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, kubalulekile ukwazi ngesimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, i-Pseudobulbar Affect, noma i-PBA ngamafuphi.

Uyazi ukuthi iyini i-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA)?

Kalula nje, i-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yisimo sezinzwa esikwenza uhleke noma ukhale ngokungalawuleki, ngendlela engahambisani nemizwa yakho yangempela. Zicabange usesimweni esidabukisayo, kodwa awukwazi ukuyeka ukuhleka. Noma, usephathini ejabulisayo, kodwa uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukukhala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko se-PBA.

Lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho noma esinye isimo sezinzwa. Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo esifana ne-"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)" angaba nalesi simo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe lokhu kuhleka noma ukukhala kungase kubonakale kufanele ngaleso sikhathi, kunzima ukulawula kunokujwayelekile. Futhi, lezi zimpawu zemizwa zingaba namandla kakhulu futhi zihlale isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile . Kufana nokuvula i-tap futhi awukwazi ukuyivimba.

I-PBA ibizwa nangamanye amagama amaningana:

• Ukwazi ukusebenza ngokomzwelo
• Ukuhleka nokukhala okubangelwa yizifo
• Isifo sokuveza imizwa ngokungaziphathi
• Ukuhleka noma ukukhala okuphoqelekile
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngokomzwelo (ukungakwazi ukulawula imizwa)

I-PBA ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, emndenini wakho, nakulabo abakunakekelayo. Ingabangela imizwa yokuhlazeka, ukukhathazeka , ngisho nokuhlukaniswa.

Ivame kangakanani i-PBA?

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezimbili neziyisikhombisa e-United States kuphela bahlushwa yi-PBA. Isizathu salolu hlu olubanzi lwamanani ukuthi i-PBA iyahlukahluka ngobukhulu futhi ayibonakali kahle. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abanalesi simo eSri Lanka nabo abatholi ukwelashwa ngenxa yokungazi.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-PBA?

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA), singathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, okuhlanganisa nezingane kanye nabantu abadala, onesimo esithile sesifo sezinzwa ebuchosheni.

Njengoba izifundo zibonisile:

• Cishe abantu abangu-50% abane-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) bangase babe ne-PBA.
• Cishe abantu abangu-48% abanokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI) noma ukulimala kobuchopho okukhulu.
• Lesi simo sithinta cishe abantu abangu-46% abane-Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Ingabe i-Pseudobulbar ithinta isifo sengqondo?

Abanye abantu bangase bacabange ukuthi i-PBA iyisifo sengqondo. Ngoba lezi zinto ezifana nokuhleka nokukhala zihlobene nesimo sethu sengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-PBA ibangelwa ukulimala kwezifunda ze-neural ebuchosheni , ihlukaniswa ngokuthi 'i-neuropsychiatric syndrome', okungukuthi, iqoqo lezimpawu ze-neuropsychiatric. Kalula nje, i-PBA iyisifo sokubonakaliswa kwemizwelo esenzeka ngesimo sobuchopho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-PBA?

Ukuze uqonde i-PBA, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi 'kwesimo sengqondo' kanye 'nokuthonya'. Isimo sengqondo umuzwa onawo ngaphakathi kuwe. Okusho ukuthi, izinto ongazizwa nguwe wedwa, njengokudabuka, intukuthelo, noma injabulo. Ukuthinteka yindlela imizwa yakho evezwa ngayo ngaphandle, njengokumomotheka noma ukukhala, abanye abangakubona.

Ngakho-ke, uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa (i-affect) engahambisani nesimo sakho sengqondo noma ukuqina kwemizwa yakho. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukukhala nokuhleka.

Lokhu kuhleka kanye/noma ukukhala kungabukeka kanje:

• Okungalindelekile, okungazelelwe, futhi okungalawuleki.
• Kukhulu kakhulu ngomcimbi. (isib. ukuhleka amahora amaningi ngehlaya elincane)
• Kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, intukuthelo noma ukukhungatheka okungalawuleki kungavela.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-PBA ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo sezinzwa esingaphansi njengokulimala kobuchopho noma i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abantu abane-PBA bangase babe nezinye izimpawu ezihlobene nesimo esingaphansi.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-PBA?

Abacwaningi abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-Pseudobulbar Affect. Bacabanga ukuthi ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu ezilawula ukuvezwa kwemizwa.

Kunezimo eziningana zezinzwa ezihlobene ne-PBA ezingabangela lokhu kuphazamiseka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig.
• I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo se-Alzheimer kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Izimila zobuchopho
• Isifo Sokuxhuzula
• Isifo sikaWilson

Yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezithinta i-PBA?

Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-PBA cishe ithinta izindawo ezahlukene zobuchopho endleleni ye-cerebro-ponto-cerebellar.

Ingxenye yale ndlela ubuchopho bethu obuncane (i-Cerebellum).Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuqapha izimpendulo zethu zemizwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zifanele isimo senhlalo. Uma izindlela ze-neural ezivela ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho ziya ku-cerebellum ziphazamiseka, ukulawula ukuvezwa kwemizwa kungalahleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-neurotransmitter alandelayo angase ahileleke ku-PBA:

• I-Serotonin
• I-Norepinephrine `(Norepinephrine)`
• I-Dopamine
• I-Glutamate
• I-Acetylcholine `(Acetylcholine)`

I-PBA itholakala kanjani?

I-Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) ingaba yisimo esinzima ukusithola . Ngisho nodokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangasithatha njengesifo sengqondo - ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka noma isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Okwamanje, akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilonga i-PBA. Odokotela baxilonga lesi simo ngokusekelwe ku:

• Izimpawu
• Umlando wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezifo zezinzwa
• Umlando wezempilo yengqondo
• Ulwazi oluvela ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba

Konke lokhu kufundwe ngokucophelela futhi kufinyelelwa esiphethweni.

Kungani i-PBA idideka nokucindezeleka?

I-Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) yisimo esivame ukudidaniswa nesifo sengqondo, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka.

Yilokhu okwenzekayo uma uneziqephu zokukhala njalo, uphawu olukhulu lwe-PBA. Abantu abane-PBA bangabhekana nokucindezeleka ngezinye izizathu, kanye nangenxa yesimo se-PBA uqobo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokucindezeleka, iziqephu zokukhala ku-PBA:

• Kuqala ngokuzumayo, njengokuqhuma.
• Kuhlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela.
• Ngokuvamile akuhlotshaniswa nokudabuka kwangaphakathi kwesikhathi eside.

Nakuba abantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka bezizwa bedabukile ngaso sonke isikhathi, bavame ukukhala kaningi. Ngisho noma bekhala, kuhlala isikhathi eside kunase-PBA. Futhi, ezinye izimpawu zokucindezeleka, njengokungalali kahle nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, azibonakali ku-PBA.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-PBA?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA). Kodwa-ke, kunemithi engasiza ekulawuleni. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa ubukhali nobunzima balezi zigameko zokuhleka nokukhala ezingalawuleki.

Izinhlobo zemithi odokotela abayinikeza i-PBA yilezi:

• I-Dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate (Nuedexta®): Lona umuthi wokuqala ovunyelwe yi-FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) ukwelapha i-PBA. Uqukethe umuthi wokukhwehlela (dextromethorphan) kanye nomthamo ophansi kakhulu womuthi owawusetshenziswa ngaphambilini ukwelapha izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo (i-quinidine sulfate).
• Imithi yokucindezeleka:Imithi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka efana ne-`(Tricyclic antidepressants)`, `(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SSRIs)`, kanye ne-`(Norepinephrine/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SNRIs)` ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-PBA. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivame ukunikezwa ngemithamo ephansi kunaleyo enikezwa ukucindezeleka.

Njengayo yonke imithi, imiphumela emibi ingenzeka. Kufanele usebenzisane nodokotela ukuze ukhethe uhlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele.

Ingabe i-PBA ingavinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Pseudobulbar Affect ibangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nezimo zezinzwa, akukho lutho olungenziwa ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeki.

Iyini iphrojekthi ye-PBA?

Umbono wama-PBA uyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Uma lesi simo singabonwa futhi singalashwa, abantu abane-PBA basengozini enkulu yokuthi:

• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukuncipha kokuxhumana nabantu
• Ukwehla kwezinga lempilo

Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. Kungaba nzima ukuyixilonga nokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokwakho bese uzama. Odokotela abazi kangcono ngalesi simo odokotela bezifo zengqondo, odokotela bezinzwa kanye nodokotela bezifo zengqondo.

I-Pseudobulbar Affect ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Umthelela we-pseudobulbar ngokuvamile uyisifo esingamahlalakhona, njengoba izimo zezokwelapha ezibangela lokhu (isib. i-multiple sclerosis, isifo se-Alzheimer) zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside.

Yini ongayenza ukuze uphile ngempumelelo ne-PBA? (Amasu Okubhekana Nakho)

Nanka amanye amathiphu okukusiza ukuthi ubhekane ne-PBA futhi ulawule ukuhleka/ukukhala kwakho okungazelelwe:

• Uma kufika ukuhleka/ukukhala, thatha umoya ojulile uze uphele.
• Cabanga ngenye into ngaleso sikhathi, gxila kuyo.
• Khulula imisipha yehlombe lakho kanye neyobuso bese unciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Uma kungenzeka, shintsha isikhundla sakho.
• Tshela abanye ngesimo sakho ukuze bazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayilindele futhi bangaqondi kabi ngawe.
• Uma i-PBA ithinta impilo yakho yengqondo, bheka umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo .

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma une-PBA, ukwelashwa kwakho kungasebenzi kahle, noma unemiphumela emibi engathandeki, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa okusha.

Ukuhleka nokukhala ngokungalawuleki kungaba yinselele, kube namahloni, futhi kube nzima ngabanye ukukuqonda. Kodwa khumbula, i-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) yisimo sezokwelapha, futhi singaphathwa ngemithi. Uma unezimpawu ze-PBA, khuluma nodokotela. Bakhona ukuzokusiza.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esixoxe ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule nge-Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) esikhulume ngazo namuhla:

• I-PBA yisimo sezinzwa esikwenza uhleke noma ukhale ngokungalawuleki, ngendlela engahambisani nemizwa yakho.
• Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesinye isifo sezinzwa (isib. i-ALS, i-MS, i-Stroke, i-TBI).
• I-PBA akuyona isifo sengqondo uqobo, kodwa ingadidaniswa nezimo ezifana nokucindezeleka.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lalokhu, kunemithi yokulawula izimpawu.
• Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuba namahloni noma ukwesaba.
• Ukwazisa abathandekayo bakho ngalesi simo kuzokwenza izinto zibe lula kuwe nakubo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, sicela ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

` I-Pseudobulbar Affect, i-PBA, i-Neuropathy, ukuhleka okungalawuleki, ukukhala okungalawuleki, ukukhubazeka ngokomzwelo, ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho