Wake wahlanza indawo endala, enothuli njenge-attic endala, umhume, noma ihhoko lezinkukhu? Noma wasebenza esakhiweni esidala esidilizwayo? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, izifo esingazicabangi ngisho nokungena emizimbeni yethu ngomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Yilolo hlobo lwesimo esiyingozi esikhuluma ngaso kulesi sihloko namuhla, kodwa esingakhulunywa kakhulu ngaso ezweni lakithi.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Histoplasmosis?
I-Histoplasmosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-fungus. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-fungus eyibangela ibizwa ngokuthi `(Histoplasma capsulatum)`. Le fungus ivame ukuhlala enhlabathini. Kodwa hhayi kuyo yonke inhlabathi. Le fungus ikhula kahle enhlabathini equkethe amalulwane amaningi noma amaconsi ezinyoni .
Cabanga ngenhlabathi esakhiweni esidala, umhume wamalulwane, indawo enezindlwana zezinkukhu, noma ngaphansi kwebhuloho lapho izinyoni ezifana namajuba zivame khona. Uma inhlabathi imbiwa, ishanelwa, noma iphazanyiswa ngenye indlela kulezi zindawo, lawa ma-spores e-fungus enhlabathini angakhishwa emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma siphefumula lowo moya, lawo ma-spores e-fungus angangena emaphashini ethu futhi abangele ukutheleleka .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-histoplasmosis akuyona isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke usithole lesi sifo ngokukhuluma, ukudla, noma ukuba seduze nomuntu onegciwane. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngakho.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abangenwe yileli fungus ababi nazimpawu. Umuntu onesimiso somzimba esinempilo angalwa naleli fungus futhi alilawule ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi amaqembu athile, lesi sifo singadala izinkinga ezinkulu.
Labo abasengozini enkulu yile:
- Izinsana ezincane kakhulu kanye nabantu asebekhulile: Ngoba bobabili laba bantu banezinhlelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka.
- Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona: Lokhu kutheleleka kungenza isimo sabantu abanezifo zamaphaphu sibe sibi kakhulu njenge -asthma kanye ne -COPD .
- Abantu abaye banciphisa ngabomu amasosha omzimba wabo:Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zidinga ukwelashwa ngemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba. Isibonelo, abantu abake bafakelwa izitho zomzimba noma labo abathatha ama-TNF blockers (isib. i-infliximab (i-Remicade)).
- Abantu abanezifo ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba: Iziguli ezinomdlavuza (ikakhulukazi labo abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali), iziguli ezine-AIDS, kanye nalabo abaphuza imithi efana nama-steroids isikhathi eside basengozini enkulu.
Ziyini izimpawu? Sikubona kanjani lokhu?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi ababi nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zivela, zingaqala phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezingu-17 ngemva kokuchayeka ku-fungus (ngokuvamile cishe izinsuku eziyi-10). Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sikuqonde kahle lokhu.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Izimpawu eziyinhloko | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo Sokuphefumula Esibukhali (i-Acute Histoplasmosis) | Umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela okomile, ukukhathala. | Kufana nomkhuhlane. Kumuntu ophilile, kuvame ukuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa. |
| Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-Chronic Histoplasmosis) | Ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside (ngezinye izikhathi kuba ne-phlegm), ukwehla kwesisindo, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besifuba, nobunzima bokuphefumula. | Lokhu kufana nesifo sofuba. Kungahlala izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka. Uma kungelashwa, isimo siba sibi kakhulu. |
| I-Histoplasmosis Esakazeka Kakhulu | Kusakazeka kusuka emaphashini kuye kwezinye izitho ezifana namaphaphu, ubuchopho, isibindi, ubende, kanye nesikhumba. Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukwehla kwesisindo, kanye nezilonda zesikhumba kungase kwenzeke. | Lesi yisigaba esinzima kakhulu nesiyingozi kakhulu. Uma singelashwa, singabulala. Sivame ukwenzeka kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu. |
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela futhi usanda kuhlanza indawo endala enothuli, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho.
Udokotela uzokuxilonga, alalele amaphaphu akho, bese eyalela ukuhlolwa okuthile uma esola ukuthi yilesi sifo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo: Hlola ama-antibodies noma ama-antigen ahlobene nesikhunta.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yesikhwehlela noma yezicubu: Isampula yesikhwehlela noma, uma kudingeka, ingxenye encane yezicubu ezithathwe emaphashini ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isikhunta.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni kanye nobunzima besifo sakho.
- I-Mild Acute Histoplasmosis: Ukutheleleka okuncane kumuntu ophilile ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Njengomkhuhlane, kuzophela emavikini ambalwa ngokuphumula okwanele noketshezi .
- Izifo ezinzima, ezingamahlalakhona, noma ezisakazekile: Lezi zimo zidinga ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane. Lokhu kwelashwa kungahlala kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze le mithi ngemithamo ephansi impilo yakho yonke. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezile.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo?
Ukuze ugweme lokhu kutheleleka, kudingeka ugweme ukuhogela izinhlamvu zesikhunta. Lezi zinto zingasiza.
- Uma uhlanza izindawo lapho kukhona khona amalulwane noma indle yezinyoni (izakhiwo ezindala, imihume, amahhoko ezinkukhu), gqoka imaski enhle. Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa imaski enamandla okuhlunga aphezulu, njenge -N95 .
- Ukuze unciphise uthuli, fafaza amanzi amancane ngaphambi kokususa inhlabathi noma udoti. Uma kumanzi, kunciphisa inani lothuli olukhishwa emoyeni.
- Uma useqenjini elisengozini (elinomzimba obuthakathaka), gwema le misebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemva kokusebenza endaweni efana nale, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka,Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma uba nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma umkhuhlane ophakeme, ungangabazi ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Histoplasmosis ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yisikhunta esitholakala enhlabathini equkethe indle yelulwane/yezinyoni.
- Lokhu akuthelelani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, ngakho-ke ungesabi ukuba seduze nomuntu othelelekile.
- Abantu abaningi abaphilile ababi nazimpawu ngisho noma bethelelekile ngale fungus.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, kanye nalabo abanezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona basengozini enkulu.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma ubuhlungu besifuba ngemva kokuhlanza indawo endala enothuli, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngqo.
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