Ingabe ingane yakho encane iyakhathala ngokushesha lapho idlala noma igijima? Ingabe izizwa ikhathele futhi ayikwazi ukugijima njengabanye abantwana? Uke waphawula ukuthi izindebe zayo neminwe yayo ngezinye izikhathi iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Lokhu kungaba ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zenkinga encane yenhliziyo. Ngakho ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sikhuluma nge- Pulmonary Artery Stenosis , isimo senhliziyo esingaba khona ezinganeni. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngamagama alula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Pulmonary Artery Stenosis?
Kulungile, leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kodwa incazelo ilula kakhulu. Masiliqonde ngale ndlela.
Inhliziyo yethu inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko. Igumbi elingezansi ngakwesokudla (i-Right Ventricle) limpompa igazi elingcolile, okungukuthi, igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi, liye emaphashini. Leli gazi lithwalwa liye emaphashini ngomthambo wegazi omkhulu. Lo mthambo wegazi ubizwa ngokuthi i- Pulmonary Artery . Emaphashini, leli gazi lifakwa umoya-mpilo, bese igazi elihlanzekile libuyela enhliziyweni bese liphonswa emzimbeni wonke.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi ipayipi lamanzi livaliwe ndawana thize. Khona-ke kuba nzima ukuthi amanzi ageleze, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, uma umthambo wegazi othwala igazi emaphashini (i-Pulmonary Artery) uvaliwe noma uncishisiwe endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(Pulmonary Artery Stenosis)`. Igama elithi stenosis lisho "ukuvaleka" noma "ukuncishiswa".
Uma lo mthambo wegazi uvalekile, i-ventricle yesokudla kufanele isebenze kanzima kakhulu futhi icindezeleke kakhulu ukuze ipompe igazi lisuka endaweni evalekile liye emaphashini. Kufana nomshini odinga ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi ukuze upompe amanzi ngepayipi elivalekile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisipha yenhliziyo ingalimala.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi simo?
Uma lokhu kungelashwa kahle, uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo luyaqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima, okungagcina kuholele esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ohlangothini lwesokudla . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo alukwazi ukupompa igazi emzimbeni ngendlela eliyidingayo. Kodwa-ke, uma litholakala futhi lelashwa kusenesikhathi, lezi zimo zingavinjelwa.
Ziyini lezi zimpawu? Ungazibona kanjani ngokubheka ingane yakho?
Uma ukuvaleka kwale mthambo wegazi kuncane kakhulu, ingane yakho ingase ingakhombisi zimpawu. Kodwa njengoba ukuvaleka kuba kubi kakhulu, izimpawu zingase ziqale ukuvela. Bheka ukuze ubone ukuthi ingane yakho inazo yini lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula/ukuphefumula okufushane | Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba awutholi inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo, ingane iba nobunzima bokuphefumula futhi isheshe ilale. |
| Ukukhathala | Ngisho nangemva kokudlala isikhashana noma ukuhamba, ingane isheshe izizwe ikhathele. Ayikwazi ukugijima njengezinye izingane. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo | Ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha. |
| Ukuvuvukala komzimba | Ungase uqaphele ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, ebusweni, ezinkopheni, noma esiswini. |
| Ubuluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanosis) | Uma kungekho umoya-mpilo owanele egazini, izindebe, iminwe, kanye nangaphansi kwezinzipho kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kuyimpawu ebalulekile. |
| Ukuzungeza noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi | Ngezinye izikhathi isiyezi noma ukuquleka kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Yini ebangela lokhu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zezizathu ezenza lesi simo senzeke.
1. Izimbangela Zokuzalwa
Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona iphutha enhliziyweni noma emithanjeni yegazi elivela ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nalesi simo kuphela (i-Pulmonary Artery Stenosis) ngaphandle kwezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Kodwa abantu abaningi bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo kanye nalokhu. Isibonelo:
- I-Tetralogy of Fallot: Lesi yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho kwenzeka khona izinkinga ezine zenhliziyo ndawonye.
- I-Pulmonary Atresia: Ukungabikho kwevalvu ethwala igazi emaphashini okuzalwe nayo.
- I-Atrial noma i-Ventricular Septal Defect: Imbobo ephakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu noma phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo.
- Lesi simo singabonakala nakwezinye izinkinga eziningi zenhliziyo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzalwa nazo.
2. Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha
Lokhu kungenzeka futhi nakwezinye izimo zofuzo.
- I-Williams Syndrome: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta inhliziyo yengane nezinye izitho zomzimba.
- I-Alagille Syndrome: Isimo esibangela izinkinga zesibindi nenhliziyo.
- I-Rubella Syndrome: Uma umama ethola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umntwana angase abe nezinkinga zenhliziyo ezinjengalezi.
3. Izimbangela Zokuhlinzwa
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lo mthambo wegazi uvaleke ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma ukufakelwa amaphaphu.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela bese izwa umsindo ongavamile (ukububula) lapho ibeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sengane yakho, ungase usole lokhu. Bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa isimo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje, wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyaqoshwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukucindezeleka okweqile enhliziyweni. |
| I-X-ray yesifuba | Ubukhulu kanye nesimo senhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nesimo semithambo yegazi kungahlolwa. |
| I-Echocardiogram (I-Echo Scan) | Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu. Sisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha ividiyo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okubonisa ngqo ukuthi ukuvaleka kukuphi nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani. |
| I-MRI yenhliziyo noma i-CT Scan | Ngokuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D), singafunda ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngokucacile. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi emlenzeni noma engalweni liye enhliziyweni, lilinganisa ingcindezi engaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi lithole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuvaleka. |
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zenhliziyo wezingane.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, manje sekukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kulokhu. Ukwelashwa kunqunywa yizimpawu zengane kanye nobukhulu bokuvimbeka kwemithambo yegazi.
1. Ukwanda Kwebhaluni / I-Angioplasty
Lokhu akusikho ukuhlinzwa. Cabanga ngale ndlela.
- Odokotela badlulisela ipayipi elincane ngemithambo yegazi emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni.
- Kukhona imbobo encane ekugcineni kwalelo payipi.
- Ipayipi elinesiphetho sebhaluni lidlula emthanjeni wegazi ovalekile bese ibhaluni livuvukala endaweni lapho kuvimbeke khona.
- Njengoba ibhaluni ligcwala, umthambo wegazi ocijile uyanwebeka futhi unwebeke.
- Bese ibhaluni likhishwa amanzi bese ipayipi lisuswa.
Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuminyana.
2. Ukubekwa kwe-Stent
Lena yindlela ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo etholakalayo. I-stent iyishubhu elincane lensimbi elibunjwe njenge-mesh.
- Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokwelashwa kwebhaluni okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.
- Kodwa lapha, lesi stent sibekwa phezu kwebhaluni bese sithunyelwa endaweni evinjiwe.
- Uma ibhaluni lifuthwa endaweni lapho kuvimbeke khona, i-stent iyakhula futhi icindezele odongeni lomthambo wegazi.
- Ngisho nangemva kokuba ibhaluni selisusiwe, i-stent ihlala endaweni yayo, isiza ukugcina umthambo wegazi ubanzi futhi ungavimbeki futhi. Kufana nokusekela umhubhe osuzodilika.
Odokotela bakhetha ukubeka ama-stents ngoba anezinga lempumelelo elisheshayo elingaba ngu-96%, agcina umthambo wegazi uvulekile isikhathi eside, futhi ashibhile futhi awanangozi njengokuhlinzwa.
3. Ukuhlinzwa
Ezinye izingane, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvaleka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma kuhambisana nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo, kungadingeka ukuthi zihlinzwe inhliziyo ukuze kulungiswe ukuvaleka.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Uma kufakwa i-stent, ingane kuzodingeka ithathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi kanye nama-antibiotic isikhathi esifushane ukuze ivimbele ukutheleleka. Ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, ingane izozizwa ikhululeke ngokushesha. Njengoba ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini kuthuthuka, ukuphelelwa umoya nokukhathala kuzophela ngokushesha.
Ingane idinga ukubhekwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngesikhathi esihleliwe futhi wenze izivivinyo ezifana ne-echo scan ukuze kuhlolwe isimo senhliziyo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Pulmonary Artery Stenosis ukuncishiswa komthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi emaphashini. Yisifo senhliziyo esivame kakhulu ukuzalwa naso ezinganeni.
- Qaphela uma ingane yakho ikhathala kalula, ikhathala ngenkathi idlala, noma inezindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela oseduze. Uma usheshe ukuqaphela, kuba lula ukwelapha.
- Manje kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu, ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa, njengokwelashwa ngamabhaluni kanye nokufakwa kwe-stent.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuqashwa kwezokwelapha isikhathi eside, izingane eziningi ezinalesi simo zingaphila impilo enempilo nejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki.
- Ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza udokotela noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngesimo noma ukwelashwa kwengane yakho.
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