Ingabe ingane yakho encane inembobo enhliziyweni yayo? Ake sifunde nge-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Ngesikhathi ingane yakho encane izalwa, ingabe udokotela washo into efana nokuthi, "Hmm, kukhona ukububula kwenhliziyo okuncane" lapho ehlola inhliziyo yakhe? Noma ingabe uzizwe sengathi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula noma ukujuluka lapho incelisa noma igijima? Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela yalezi zinto ingaba umgodi omncane enhliziyweni. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(Ventricular Septal Defect)` noma `VSD` . Ngakho-ke namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula kakhulu. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini i-VSD? Kwenzekani ngempela?

Kalula nje, i-VSD iyimbobo odongeni (okuthiwa i-septum) phakathi kwamakamelo amabili amakhulu (abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricles) enhliziyo yethu. Cabanga ngayo njengendlu encane enamakamelo amane. Kunezindonga phakathi kwala makamelo ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingahlangani. "Igazi elihle" elinomoya-mpilo omningi ohlangothini olulodwa, kanye "negazi elibi" elinomoya-mpilo omncane kolunye.

Manje, kwenzekani uma lokhu kuyi-'VSD', okungukuthi, uma kukhona imbobo odongeni phakathi kwalawo makamelo amabili aphansi? Igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi livuza ngembobo liye egazini elinomoya-mpilo omncane. Khona-ke inhliziyo namaphaphu kufanele kusebenze kanzima kancane. Lesi simo singesinye sezifo zenhliziyo ezivame kakhulu zokuzalwa nazo . Ngezinye izikhathi le 'VSD' ingenzeka kanye nezinye izifo zenhliziyo.

Khumbula, akuzona zonke i-VSD eziyingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, imigodi emincane iyazivala ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-VSD?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-VSD, kuye ngokuthi zenzeka kuphi kanye nohlobo lomgodi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• I-VSD ye-Membranous: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Imbobo yenzeka engxenyeni engenhla yodonga phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo.
• I-Muscular VSD: Kulolu hlobo, imbobo yenzeka engxenyeni engezansi, enemisipha yodonga. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba nembobo engaphezu kweyodwa kulolu hlobo lwe-VSD.
• I-Inlet VSD: Le mbobo itholakala ngaphansi kwevalvu ye-tricuspid ku-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo kanye nevalvu ye-mitral ku-ventricle yesokhohlo. Ikakhulukazi, eduze nalapho igazi lingena khona kuma-ventricle.
• I-Outlet VSD: Kulesi simo, imbobo iseduze nevalvu yamaphaphu, ethwala igazi lisuka kwi-ventricle yesokudla liye emaphashini, kanye nevalvu ye-aortic, ethwala igazi lisuka kwi-ventricle yesokudla liye emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi kufanele lidlule kule VSD uma liphuma kuma-ventricle.

Uma udokotela ethi ingane yakho ine-VSD, bazochaza nokuthi iluhlobo luni lwayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-VSD? Ingabe zihlukile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala?

Izimpawu ze-VSD zincike ngobukhulu bembobo. Imbobo encane kakhulu (engaphansi kwamamilimitha amathathu, cishe ngobukhulu be-toothpick) ingase ingabingeli zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma imbobo inkulu kancane (ephakathi nendawo, amamilimitha angu-3-5, noma enkulu, amamilimitha angu-6-10, cishe ngobukhulu be-pea), izimpawu zingase zivele.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

Uma umntwana osanda kuzalwa ene-VSD enkulu, angaba nezimpawu ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo . Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Izinto ezifana nokuphefumula okusheshayo, ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukujuluka noma ukuzizwa ukhathele lapho uncelisa: Ingane ingase izwe ikhathele ngisho nangemva kokuphuza ubisi oluncane.
• Ukuntuleka kwesisindo: Uma ingane ingakhuli kahle ngokweminyaka yayo.
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka: Uma uthola umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela njalo.

Izimpawu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala

Uma ingane noma umuntu omdala enesifo se-VSD, angase azizwe ekhathele noma ephelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba . Uma ekhathala kalula ngenkathi edlala, egijima, noma egxuma, kufanele ukhathazeke.

Ingabe ubukhulu bomgodi nabo buyawuthinta?

Yebo, impela. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma imbobo incane, kungase kungabi nankinga. Kodwa njengoba imbobo iba nkulu, igazi liyavuza phakathi kwamakamelo amabili enhliziyo. Yilapho izimpawu zivela khona.

Kungani le VSD yenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eqondile ye-VSD ayaziwa okwamanje . Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ingakhuli kahle ngesikhathi umntwana ekhula esibelethweni. Okusho ukuthi, udonga oluphakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo aluvaleki ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi i-VSD ingenzeka kanye nezinye izimo zokuzalwa. Isibonelo, izingane ezinezimo zofuzo ezifana ne -Down syndrome zinamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-VSD.

Akuvamile kakhulu, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kumuntu omdala kungabangela umonakalo odongeni oluphakathi kwamangqamuzana enhliziyo futhi kubangele ukwakheka kwe-VSD entsha. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-VSD?

Kutholakale ukuthi ezinye izinto zandisa kancane ingozi yokuba ne-VSD:

• Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa.
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimo ezifana ne-"Down syndrome".
• Eminye imithi ethathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Imithi efana ne -valproic acid kanye ne-phenytoin, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuxhuzula.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Lokhu kusolwa ukuthi kuyingozi, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Lezi yizinto eziyingozi kuphela, futhi akunakushiwo ukuthi i-VSD izovela ngoba nje lezi zinto zikhona.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-VSD? Ingabe lezi ziyingozi?

Uma igazi livuza nge-VSD, kuba nzima ngenhliziyo yengane yakho ukuthi isebenze kahle. Uma umgodi umkhulu, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima. Uma inhliziyo isebenza kanzima kangaka isikhathi eside, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zingavela enhliziyweni nasemaphashini. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingaba zimbi kakhulu .

Ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi emakamelweni amabili enhliziyo ihlukile, igazi eliningi lingageleza liye emaphashini. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezibucayi njenge- pulmonary hypertension . Uma i-VSD ephakathi noma enkulu ingelashwa phakathi neminyaka emi-2 , ingaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Eisenmenger syndrome . Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli emithanjeni yegazi emaphashini.

Ezinye izinkinga zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-aorta yomthambo wegazi
• Ama-ventricle akhulisiwe
• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-Endocarditis)
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Isifo sohlangothi

Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uthola ukuthi une-VSD.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani i-VSD?

Udokotela uzoxilonga i-VSD ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zengane yakho, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile. Uma imbobo incane kakhulu, kungase kungenzeki ukuthola i-VSD ngoba azikho izimpawu.

I-VSD ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Lapho udokotela elalele inhliziyo yengane nge-stethoscope, kuzwakala ukububula kwenhliziyo uma kukhona i-VSD. Lo msindo unganikeza umbono oqondile ngobukhulu bomgodi.

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingabonisa izinguquko esakhiweni senhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa ye-VSD:

• I-Echocardiogram: Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu. Kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabonisa ubukhulu bomgodi, indawo okuyo , nokuthi lingakanani igazi elivuzayo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ukuhlolwa okubheka ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo ikhulisiwe noma ukuthi kunegazi eliningi emaphashini.
• I-CT scan yenhliziyo
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo `(I-MRI Yenhliziyo)`
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithubhu elincane ngemithambo yegazi liye enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe ukucindezeleka bese kuthathwa amasampula.

Uphatha kanjani ingane ene-VSD?

Ama-VSD amaningi mancane kakhulu futhi awabangeli izinkinga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela uzoqapha izimpawu futhi abone ukuthi imbobo iyazivala yini. Ezimweni eziningi , la mambobo amancane ayazivala ngokwawo lapho eneminyaka engu-6.Kwezinye izimo, kungathatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engama-20, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-'VSD' ivale yodwa.

Uma une-VSD ephakathi noma enkulu, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlinzwa noma enye inqubo yokuvala imbobo . Okwamanje, ungase unikezwe imithi yokulawula izimpawu zakho.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma i-VSD enkulu ilungiswa ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele eminyakeni emi-2, ingavimbela umonakalo enhliziyweni nasemaphashini engane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umonakalo ungaba unomphela futhi ube mubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithi

Ukuze ulawule izimpawu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma uma kucatshangwa ukuthi imbobo izivaleka yodwa, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nalokhu:

• Ama-Diuretics: Lawa asebenza ngokunciphisa uketshezi olwengeziwe oluqongelela enhliziyweni yengane.
• Imithi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Le mithi ilawula isivinini namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane.

Ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulungisa i-`VSD`:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo uvala imbobo. Imbobo ingase ithungwe ivalwe, noma kusetshenziswe i -patch eyenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa noma izicubu zomntwana.
• Izinqubo ze-Transcatheter: Lokhu akubandakanyi ukuhlinzwa. Ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu emlenzeni noma engalweni liye enhliziyweni, bese kufakwa ithuluzi elikhethekile ngalo ukuze kuvalwe imbobo.

Kuzo zombili lezi zindlela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicubu zenhliziyo yomntwana ziyakhula zizungeze i-patch noma idivayisi, zibe yingxenye yodonga lwenhliziyo uqobo.

Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-VSD sincike endleleni esetshenzisiwe. Izindlela ze-Transcatheter zingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa ukuze zelapheke. Ukuhlinzwa kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ze-VSD zizophela ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nine-VSD, qaphela izimpawu ezivamile ze-VSD, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezizumayo noma izimpawu ezingavamile. Ngokuvamile, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokuphefumula, noma uma isikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ziphaphathekile (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis), kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ukwanda kwesisindo kuhamba kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe.
• Ukujuluka noma ukukhandleka ngesikhathi uncelisa.
• Ukungaphumuli njalo, ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka.

Uma une-VSD njengomuntu omdala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zinto:

• Uma ukhathala kalula noma uphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga.
• Uma uhlala uphaphathekile, noma uma ubona iminwe yakho noma izindebe zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Futhi, uma une-VSD, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa kwamazinyo.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela wengane yakho le mibuzo:

• Ingakanani i-Ventricular Septal Defect yengane yami?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo?
• Ingabe ngidinga amakhalori engeziwe ukuze ngisize ingane yami ithole isisindo ngokushesha?
• Kukangaki ingane yami idinga ukuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela?

Ngaphezu kwale mibuzo, ungesabi ukubuza noma yini ongayicabanga.

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlala ne-VSD? Yini abazali abangayenza ukuze basize ingane yabo encane?

Uma kwenzeka i-VSD ephakathi noma enkulu, ukulungisa imbobo kuvame ukwanele ukuvimbela izinkinga. Akuvamile kakhulu, uma kuvela ukopha okusha eduze kokulungiswa, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa kabusha.

Iningi labantu abadala abaphila ne-VSD abazi nokuthi banayo, ngoba incane ngokwanele ukuba ingadali izinkinga. Kodwa uma i-VSD inkulu (ikakhulukazi uma ingalungiswanga), ingathinta indlela yakho yokuphila. Uma umuntu omdala ene-VSD, ingahlala impilo yonke ngaphandle kokuthi ilungiswe.

Iningi labantu abane-VSD baphila isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila, njengomuntu ongenaso. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma i-VSD incane futhi ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-VSD ephakathi noma enkulu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi belashwe noma cha) bangase babe nesikhathi sokuphila esifushane kancane, ikakhulukazi uma i-VSD ingalungiswa kusenesikhathi. Uma isimo esifana ne-Eisenmenger syndrome siqala, isikhathi sokuphila singancipha.

Izinto ongazenza njengomzali:

• Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-VSD, udokotela cishe uzoyeluleka ukuthi iphumule futhi igweme umsebenzi onzima womzimba . Ikakhulukazi uma ine-Eisenmenger syndrome, akufanele yenze noma yini ebeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu enhliziyweni.
• Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Ungawushintshi noma uwuyeke ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
• Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi wesaba lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Ventricular Septal Defect. Uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungathola ukuqonda okungcono ngalesi simo nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Udokotela wakho angakusiza futhi ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ungasiphatha kanjani lesi simo, uvimbele izinkinga, futhi unciphise umthelela esinawo empilweni yengane yakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-'VSD'. Khumbula nalokhu:

• I-'VSD' imbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo.
• Ama-VSD amancane kakhulu azivalela ngokwawo ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
• Ama-VSD amakhulu angabangela izimpawu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, njengokukhathala nobunzima bokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
• Uma usola ukuthi une-VSD, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela futhi wenze ukuhlolwa okufana ne-echocardiogram.
• Kunezinqubo zokuhlinzwa noma ze-transcatheter ezitholakalayo zokwelapha i-VSD enkulu. Lokhu kungaveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- VSD, imbobo enhliziyweni, i-ventricular septal defect, isifo senhliziyo sezingane, i-congenital heart defect, izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo, ukwelashwa kwe-VSD