Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo wake watshelwa udokotela ukuthi umthambo wenhliziyo uvaliwe futhi udinga i-bypass? Sonke sizwile igama elithi 'bypass'. Cabanga ukuthi kunezimoto eziningi emgwaqweni, bese lokhu kufana nokwakha umzila ohlukile wezimoto odlula kuwo. Lapho umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi enhliziyweni uvaliwe, umzila omusha, okungukuthi, umthambo wegazi omusha, uxhunywe enhliziyweni, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi umthambo wegazi uthathwa kuphi ukuze kwakhiwe lo mzila omusha? Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa umthambo wegazi ophilile emzimbeni wakho kulokhu. Leyo inqubo esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla, lapho lowo mthambo wegazi uthathwa khona engxenyeni ethile yomzimba bese utshalwa enhliziyweni.
Kusho ukuthini 'ukuvuna' umthambo wegazi?
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nokuqoqwa komthambo wegazi. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kuhilela ukususa ngokuhlinzwa umthambo wegazi ophilile engxenyeni yomzimba wakho (ngokuvamile ingalo noma umlenze) bese uyisebenzisa esikhundleni somthambo ovalekile enhliziyweni yakho. Umthambo wegazi othathwe ngale ndlela ubizwa ngokuthi "i-graft."
Esinye isiphetho salesi sixhumi sixhunywe kumthambo omkhulu nomkhulu womzimba, i-aorta, kanti esinye isiphetho sixhunywe kumthambo ovalekile enhliziyweni ngaphansi kokuvaleka. Bese igazi ligeleza ngemithambo esanda kuxhunywa liye enhliziyweni ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa, lidlule ingxenye evalekile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) kwezokwelapha.
Ivelaphi le mithambo yegazi?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithambo yegazi ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzeni nge-bypass.
1. Umthambo Wemisebe esandleni
Lona umthambo wegazi omkhulu ogijima usuka ngaphakathi kwengalo yakho usuka endololwaneni uye esihlakaleni sakho . Lona umthambo wegazi ongawuzwa uma uzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Utholakala kakhulu esikhumbeni.
"Uma-ke lo mthambo ususiwe, igazi ngeke ligeleze esandleni?" Ungase ube nombuzo onjalo. Ungesabi. Umzimba wethu waklanywa ngendlela emangalisayo. Sinenye imithambo emikhulu, i-"Ulnar Artery," ehambisana nale "Radial Artery" esandleni sethu. Ngemva kokuba umthambo we-radial ususiwe, enye imithambo yenza wonke umsebenzi owenziwa yilowo mthambo.
2. Umthambo Othambile Emlenzeni
Lona umthambo omude kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Ungumthambo othwala igazi elingcolile ulibuyisele enhliziyweni. Ugijima usuka phansi emzimbeni uze uye ethangeni. Ukuwususa ngeke kubangele izinkinga. Ngoba kukhona uhlelo lwemithambo olujulile emlenzeni. Ngemva kokuba umthambo we-saphenous usususiwe, umsebenzi owawuwenza uthathwa uhlelo lwemithambo olujulile.
Wenzani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole ubukhulu obuqondile nendawo yokuvaleka kwenhliziyo yakho. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, uzonquma ukuthi umthambo ofanele kakhulu we-bypass usengalweni noma emlenzeni wakho.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Kalula nje, |
|---|---|
| Inani Eliphelele Legazi | Ukuhlola izinhlobo kanye nenani lamaseli egazini. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba | Ukunakekela isimo esiyisisekelo senhliziyo namaphaphu. |
| Ama-scan afana ne-CT, i-MRI, noma i-Vascular Ultrasound | Ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zangaphakathi lomzimba kanye nemithambo yegazi. |
| I-Angiogram | Kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile emithanjeni yegazi bese kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini okuvalekile. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo udokotela wakho akunikeza yona ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuzila ukudla (ukuzila ukudla nokuphuza) amahora amaningana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma ubhema, yeka ngokuphelele.
- Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke okwesikhashana ukuthatha imithi ethile (kufaka phakathi amavithamini kanye nemithi yamakhambi).
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha umthambo wegazi kufana nokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Ufakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhipha umthambo wegazi.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Endoscopic: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane kakhulu okukodwa noma okubili esikhumbeni sengalo noma umlenze.Kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane kakhulu (i-endoscope) elifakwe ikhamera namathuluzi okuhlinza. Udokotela ususa umthambo wegazi ngokucophelela ngenkathi ebukele eskrinini. Isibazi esibangelwa yilokhu sincane kakhulu.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile: Kulokhu, umthambo wegazi ususwa ngokwenza ukusika okukhulu, okude lapho umthambo wegazi ukhona khona bese uvula isikhumba.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu kungashintshwa okwesikhashana kube yi-"Heart-Lung Bypass Machine." Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esethatha i-"graft" yomthambo wegazi ophilile osusiwe ngaphambilini bese eyifakela enhliziyweni ukuze agweme ukuvaleka.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zale ndlela?
Le ndlela yokufakelwa umthambo emzimbeni iyimbangela eyinhloko yempumelelo yokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokwenza lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ye-endoscopic.
Izinzuzo:
- Ukululama okusheshayo nobuhlungu obuncane.
- Isikhathi esincishisiwe esichithwa esibhedlela.
- Azikho izibazi ezinkulu futhi zinciphise ingozi yokutheleleka .
- Ingozi yokopha kanye nokuqhekeka kwegazi (amaHematoma) encishisiwe.
Izingozi:
Njengakuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile, kodwa lezi azenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Ukopha noma ukuphuka endaweni lapho kuqhume khona inxeba.
- Amahlule egazi.
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni ngenxa yomonakalo wemizwa ezungeze inxeba.
- Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema).
- Izimo ezithathelwanayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukugxila kwakho okuyinhloko ngemva kokuhlinzwa kufanele kube ukululama ekuhlinzeni kwe-bypass. Ngokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, ungagwema eziningi zalezi zingozi.
Uma udinga ukubona udokotela ngokushesha
Uma ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungakushayi indiva ukungakhululeki. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni (i-Angina).
- Ukujuluka okubandayo okungazelelwe.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea).
- Izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokuphuma koketshezi oluphuzi emanxebeni okuhlinzwa kanye nomkhuhlane .
Okokugcina, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kusetshenziswa umthambo we-radial noma umthambo webele wangaphakathi kuphumelela kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokusebenzisa umthambo we-saphenous. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziqinile kunemithambo yegazi, ngakho-ke mancane amathuba okuthi zivaleke futhi. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza wonke amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha ukuze anqume ukuthi yimuphi umthambo ofanele wena kanye nendlela engcono yokuwufinyelela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-heart bypass (CABG), umthambo wegazi onempilo, ovame ukuvela engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho, usetshenziswa ukudala indlela entsha yegazi eya enhliziyweni.
- Lolu ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu emhlabeni wonke futhi kusindisa izimpilo eziningi.
- Umsebenzi womthambo wegazi osuswa ngokuhlinzwa wenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo eminye imithambo yegazi eseduze, ngakho-ke akukho monakalo emzimbeni.
- Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ngqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyalulama ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi ugweme izinkinga.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izinhlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kwenxeba bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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