Ingabe kukhona iqhubu emzimbeni? Ingabe liyalimaza amathambo akho? Ingabe kungaba yi-sarcoma? Ake sithole!

Uke wabona iqhubu elisha endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho elingalimazi, kodwa liyethusa kancane? Noma ubulokhu uzwa ubuhlungu ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile? Ngezinye izikhathi asizinaki kakhulu lezi zinto, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zingaba izimpawu zohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Sarcoma' . Abantu abaningi bayakhathazeka kancane uma bezwa leli gama, ngoba alivamile. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma nge-Sarcoma, ukuthi isho ukuthini, ukuthi ikhula kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi kukhona yini ukwelashwa, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-Sarcoma?

Kalula nje, i-Sarcoma iyisimila esibi, okungukuthi, umdlavuza, esikhula emathanjeni noma ezicutshini zomzimba wethu. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lesi zicubu ezithambile sisebenza ngani. Izicubu ezithambile yizinto ezisekela ezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni wethu. Isibonelo:

• Imisipha (inyama)
• Amafutha
• Ama-tendon (izicubu ezixhumanisa imisipha namathambo)
• I-cartilage (izicubu ezithambile ezitholakala ezindaweni ezifana namalunga)
• Ama-Ligaments (izicubu ezixhumanisa amathambo)
• Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi)
• Imizwa

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-sarcoma empeleni aluvamile kakhulu. Uma sithatha inani eliphelele lomdlavuza owenzeka kubantu abadala, i-sarcoma iyinani elincane, cishe i-1%. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-15% womdlavuza owenzeka ezinganeni ungaba yi-sarcoma. Ezweni elifana neMelika, cishe amacala amasha angu-16,000 e-sarcoma abikwe minyaka yonke. Kulawa, cishe angu-4,000 ama-sarcoma akhula emathanjeni, kanti cishe angu-13,000 ama-sarcoma akhula ezicutshini ezithambile.

I-sarcoma ivame ukuvela kuphi?

Cabanga nje, le sarcoma ingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu, kusukela ekhanda kuya ezinzwaneni zethu. Kodwa-ke, kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho ivame ukubonakala khona:

• Cishe amaphesenti angu-40 (40%) azo atholakala ezinyaweni zethu (emilenzeni, emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni).
• Cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 (15%) ahilela izandla (amahlombe, izingalo, izihlakala, iminwe).
• Cishe amaphesenti angu-30 (30%) asezindaweni ezifana nomzimba wethu, isifuba, isisu, kanye ne-pelvis.
• Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu (15%) ahilela ikhanda nentamo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Sarcoma?

I-Sarcoma akuyona nje uhlobo olulodwa. Yigama elibanzi leqembu elikhulu lomdlavuza okhula emathanjeni nasezicutshini ezithambile. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ze-sarcoma sezitholakale. Iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, akunjalo? Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. I-Bone Sarcomas

Lona umdlavuza oqala ngqo emathanjeni (`i-primary bone sarcoma`). Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yalolu hlobo lwe-sarcoma lutholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35. Lungabonakala nasezinganeni.

Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-bone sarcoma yilezi:

• I-Osteosarcoma(Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukubonakala)
• I-Chondrosarcoma
• I-Chordoma
• I-sarcoma ka-Ewing
• I-Fibrosarcoma

Okubalulekile: Akuwona wonke umdlavuza okhula emathanjeni oyi-bone sarcoma. Ngezinye izikhathi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni (njengamaphaphu, amabele, noma i-thyroid) angahamba ngegazi futhi asakazekele emathanjeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wamathambo osakazeka kalula . Lokhu kuhlukile kumdlavuza wamathambo oyinhloko.

2. Ama-Sarcoma Ezicubu Ezithambile

Lokhu kuqala emisipheni yethu noma kwezinye izicubu ezixhumene emzimbeni. Ngokungafani ne-bone sarcoma, i-soft tissue sarcoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge -rhabdomyosarcoma, zivame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-soft tissue sarcoma:

• I-Angiosarcoma
• Amathumba amancane ajikelezayo e-Desmoplastic
• Isimila sesisu (GIST)
• I-Leiomyosarcoma
• I-Liposarcoma
• Isimila se-nerve sheath esibi kakhulu
• I-schwannoma ebulalayo
• I-Myxofibrosarcoma
• I-Synovial Sarcoma
• I-sarcoma ye-pleomorphic engahlukaniseki

Bheka ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezikhona! Uhlobo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zalezi zingase zihluke kancane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-sarcoma?

I-Sarcoma ingathinta kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. I-sarcoma yezicubu ezithambile ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. I-sarcoma yethambo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivame kakhulu ezinganeni, kubantu abadala abasebasha, nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi i-sarcoma yethambo ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa nakubantu abamnyama noma abangamaHispanic.

Kungani kuvela le sarcoma? Iyini imbangela?

Empeleni lena yinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. I-Sarcoma ikhula lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezithile kulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA) lwamaseli amathambo angavuthiwe noma amaseli ezicubu ezithambile emzimbeni wethu, futhi lawo maseli aba amaseli omdlavuza. Bese lawa maseli omdlavuza eqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Ekugcineni, lawa maseli ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe isimila. Lesi simila sikhula kancane kancane futhi singalimaza futhi sihlasele izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.

Uma lokhu kungelashwa kahle, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasakazeka egazini noma ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic.Umdlavuza ungahamba uye ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba futhi ubangele izimila ezintsha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis , noma ukusabalala komdlavuza. Ukwelapha umdlavuza osakazeke ngale ndlela kuyinselele enkulu.

Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, abacwaningi abakasitholi isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani iseli eliphilile liba yiseli le-sarcoma ngokuzumayo.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-sarcoma?

Nakuba kungekho imbangela eqondile, kuye kwatholakala ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezingase zandise ingozi yokuthola i-sarcoma. Lezi yizi:

• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana ne-arsenic, amanye amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki (isb. i-vinyl chloride monomer), imithi yokubulala ukhula (isb. i-phenoxyacetic acid), kanye nezilondolozi zokhuni (isb. ama-chlorophenols).
• Ukukhishwa kwemisebe: Ukuchayeka emithamo ephezulu yemisebe njengokwelashwa kwangaphambilini komunye umdlavuza.
• I-Lymphedema: Ukuvuvukala kwezingalo noma imilenze isikhathi eside.
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo kanye nezinguquko ze-chromosome zizuzwa njengefa. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Gardner syndrome, i-Werner syndrome, isifo se-von Hippel-Lindau, i-Gorlin syndrome, i-tuberous sclerosis, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, i-retinoblastoma, kanye ne-neurofibromatosis type 1. Lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu.

Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzohlaselwa yi-sarcoma. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuzazi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Sarcoma? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-sarcoma ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ukuphi. Isibonelo, amanye ama-sarcoma angase angakhombisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Amanye angase azizwe njengeqhubu elingenabuhlungu ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu buqala ukuvela kuphela lapho iqhubu likhula futhi licindezela imizwa nezitho zomzimba eziseduze.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye ama-sarcoma angabangela ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuvuvukala emathanjeni engalweni noma emlenzeni . Lobuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu ebusuku . Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuhambisa ingalo noma umlenze wakho nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala yilezi:

• Isigaxa esisha noma ukuvuvukala (lokhu kungase kube buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu).
• Ubuhlungu obungachazeki engalweni, emlenzeni, esiswini, noma ethangeni.
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa ingalo noma umlenze (isib. ukuxhuga, ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe).
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubuhlungu bomhlane (ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza usemhlane).

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi yi-sarcoma ngoba nje unesibonakaliso esinjengalesi. Kodwa-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko.

Ungayithola kanjani i-sarcoma ngokunembile? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka enze izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-sarcoma nokuthi uhlobo luni. Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu yi-biopsy.

I-biopsy ihilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezivela esimila bese uyithumela elabhorethri. Lapho, uchwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi i-pathologist uhlola izicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi zinamangqamuzana omdlavuza yini nokuthi, uma kunjalo, hlobo luni lwe-sarcoma. Lolu lwazi luzokusiza ekunqumeni ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ezinye izivivinyo yilezi:

• I-X-ray: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe zamathambo nezicubu ezithambile.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kuthatha uchungechunge lwe-X-rays futhi kudala imibono ehlukahlukene yengaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet enkulu, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukwenza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zangaphakathi lomzimba. Uma kubonakala into engavamile ku-X-ray, ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze i-MRI.
• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Kulokhu, kufakwa inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe emzimbeni ukusiza ukuthola ukukhubazeka emathanjeni (njenge-bone sarcoma).
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Lokhu kusebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-glucose. Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha, njengamaseli omdlavuza, asebenzisa i-glucose eningi, lokhu kuskena kungabonisa izindawo zomzimba lapho amazinga e-glucose ephezulu ngokungavamile (lapho kungase kube khona izimila).

Zinqunywa kanjani izigaba ze-sarcoma?

Ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyasiza ukuqonda ubucayi bomdlavuza kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu. Ama-sarcoma amaningi ahlukaniswa ngokwesistimu yokuhlukaniswa kwe-TNM :

• I-T (Isimila): Lokhu kubhekisela kusayizi nendawo yesimila esiyinhloko somdlavuza.
• N (Ama-Node): Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kuma-lymph node aseduze .
• M (Metastasis): Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke yini (ususakazeke) kwezinye izitho ezikude emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela balinganisa umdlavuza (iBanga - G).Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza afana noma ahluke kangakanani kumaseli avamile. Ngokuvamile, lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza efana kakhulu namaseli avamile, kulapho isibikezelo siba ngcono khona.

Besebenzisa lonke lolu lwazi, odokotela banquma isigaba se-sarcoma (inombolo kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-4). Uma inani liphezulu, kulapho umdlavuza ukhula khona endaweni noma usakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.

Izindlela zokunquma isigaba zingase zihluke kancane kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-sarcoma. Ngakho-ke, vula kudokotela wakho mayelana nesigaba somdlavuza wakho nokuthi sizothinta kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho kanye nokululama kwakho esikhathini esizayo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Sarcoma?

Uma kwelashwa i-sarcoma, akulona nje udokotela oyedwa, kodwa yiqembu lochwepheshe abasebenza ndawonye. Leli qembu lingafaka phakathi odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiology, ochwepheshe bezofuzo, odokotela be-oncologist bezokwelapha, odokotela be-radiation oncologists, odokotela bezifo, odokotela bezingane (bomdlavuza wezingane), ochwepheshe bezengqondo, kanye nabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle.

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

• Uhlobo lwe-Sarcoma.
• Usayizi nendawo yesimila.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-sarcoma isanda kutholakala noma isivele yavela futhi yabuya (iphinde yavela).

Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. Ukuhlinzwa

Kulokhu, odokotela bazama ukususa wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngenkathi belondoloza izicubu eziningi ezinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Isimila sisuswa ngomkhawulo ongemuhle wezicubu ezinempilo ezizungeze isimila ('ukususwa kwendawo yonke'). Lokhu kuzama ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza amancane kakhulu, amancane kakhulu ngaphandle kokushiya noma yiliphi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, indawo ethintekile kumele yakhiwe kabusha. Ekuhlinzeni kokusindisa izitho, isimila siyasuswa futhi, uma kudingeka, ilunga liyakhiwa kabusha ngokufakwa kwensimbi esikhundleni salo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ithambo elivela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba noma enye i-graft lingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sethambo elisusiwe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, inketho ephephile nengcono kakhulu ukususa isitho esithintekile (ukunqunywa). Lesi yisinqumo esinzima kakhulu.

2. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-X enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Umgomo ukunciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa ngaphakathi (kufakwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni) noma ngaphandle (okulethwa ngaphandle komzimba ngomshini). Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe banamuhla buvumela imisebe yemisebe ukuthi iqondiswe ngqo kumdlavuza, kugcinwe izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe okunikezwa ngaphakathi , okubizwa nangokuthi i-brachytherapy , kungasetshenziswa kuma-sarcomas angakasabalali. Kunganikezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa (i-intra-operative radiotherapy) noma ngamapayipi epulasitiki (ama-catheter) ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-interstitial brachytherapy).

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuyasetshenziswa nasezimweni lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona (isifo esisakazekile).

3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukanisa ngokushesha noma ehlisa ukukhula kwawo. Le mithi inganikezwa ngemithambo noma njengamaphilisi athathwa ngomlomo. Inikezwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy inikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

4. Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe

Lokhu ukwelashwa okuqondile kakhulu. Kusebenzisa imithi ehlose ubuthakathaka obuthile emaseli omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli anempilo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni zamaseli omdlavuza analobo buthakathaka obuqondiwe. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome njengokwelashwa okukodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

5. Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki/Ukwelashwa Ngezinto Eziphilayo

Lokhu kuhilela ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba wethu , ukuwasiza ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Amaseli omdlavuza angacasha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela, noma aluvimbe ekusebenzeni. Yingakho amaseli omdlavuza ekhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni. I-immunotherapy isebenza ngokukhubaza lezi zindlela zokuzivikela zamaseli omdlavuza nokusiza umzimba wethu ukulwa nomdlavuza uqobo.

6. Ukususwa Kokushisa

Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-sarcoma angabhujiswa ngokuwafudumeza noma ukuwaqandisa . Lokhu kwenziwa yi-interventional radiologist, esebenzisa i-scan (njenge-CT scan) ukuthola ngokunembile isimila nokufaka ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-probe).

7. Ukunakekelwa Kwezinhlungu Zobuhlungu

Lokhu akuyona indlela yokwelapha umdlavuza. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ekhethekile yabantu abanezifo ezingathi sína njengomdlavuza. Ithimba lokunakekelwa kweziguli ezidambisa ubuhlungu lihlanganisa odokotela, abahlengikazi, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla. Basebenza ukuqeda izimpawu nokuphatha imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.Leli qembu likusiza futhi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nezinselele ezihambisana nokuxilongwa komdlavuza nokugcina izinga lempilo yakho.

8. Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuthi uhlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo . Lezi yizifundo ezihlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza. Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-sarcoma zihlala zisesigabeni socwaningo. Kuye ngokuthi uxilongwe kanjani, lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lungaba inketho kuwe.

Impilo injani nge-Sarcoma? (Izinga Lokusinda)

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ku-soft tissue sarcoma, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu licishe libe ngu-81% uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (owakhiwe ngama-metastasized). Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zomdlavuza ohlanganisiwe, lesi sibalo singaba ngu-15%. Ku-osteosarcoma, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-bone sarcoma, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu licishe libe ngu-77% uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali, kanti ezimweni zomdlavuza ohlanganisiwe, cishe lingama-26%.

Kodwa-ke, ungasekeli ukubikezela kwakho kulezi zinombolo kuphela. Umphumela wakho uzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-sarcoma onayo, ukuthi itholakala kuphi, impilo yakho jikelele, kanye nendlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokwazi imininingwane eqondile yesimo sakho.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma uneqhubu elisha – kungakhathaliseki ukuthi libuhlungu noma cha – ikakhulukazi uma lilingana nebhola legalofu (cishe amasentimitha ama-5), bona udokotela ngokushesha. Futhi, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninobuhlungu emathanjeni ngaphandle kokulimala , futhi bungapholi ngokwalo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Sarcoma akuyona uhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza. Iqembu lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathumba angakhula emathanjeni ethu noma ezicutshini ezithambile. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ithumba likuphi. Uma utholakale une-sarcoma, khumbula ukuthi izinketho zakho zokwelashwa kanye nendlela ozoqhubeka ngayo nesifo esikhathini esizayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Udokotela wakho angakuchazela konke lokhu.

Ungesabi, kodwa qaphela. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, khuluma nodokotela ngayo. Uma isheshe itholakale, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele.

I- Sarcoma, umdlavuza, umdlavuza wamathambo, umdlavuza wezicubu ezithambile, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, i-Sarcoma