Iningi lethu linenkinga ye-cholesterol ephezulu. Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho bese ubona ukuthi izinga lakho le-LDL lingaphezu kwezinombolo ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi uqale ukuthatha umuthi obizwa ngokuthi ama-statin ukulawula i-cholesterol yakho? Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uwuthatha lo muthi. Ngakho-ke, cishe unemibuzo eminingi ngalo muthi, ukusebenza kwawo, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwawo. Ake sicacise yonke imibuzo onayo ngawo namuhla.
Kalula nje, ayini lawa ma-statin?
Ama-statin ayiqembu lemithi engathathwa kuphela ngomuthi kadokotela. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukwenza amazinga akho e-cholesterol abe ngokwejwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi, amanye ama-statin anganciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cholesterol "embi", ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Odokotela babiza i-LDL ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi" ngesizathu. Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wakho njengamapayipi amanzi. Lokho okwenziwa yile cholesterol ye-LDL ukuzibeka odongeni lwalawo mapayipi amanzi njenge-moss. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa ma-deposit (esiwabiza ngokuthi i-plaque) ayakheka futhi anciphise isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho. Lokhu kwenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi, futhi kuvimbela nokugeleza kwegazi.
Ama-statin awagcini nje ngokwehlisa i-LDL. Aphinde ehlise olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lakho olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides. Aphinde asize isibindi sakho ukuthi sisuse i-cholesterol engafuneki. Ngezinye izikhathi le mithi ingakhuphula amazinga akho e-HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle" . I-HDL "inhle" ngoba iqoqa i-cholesterol engafuneki kuwo wonke umzimba bese iyiletha esibindini. Isibindi bese siyisusa emzimbeni.
Le mithi iza ngesimo samaphilisi noma ama-capsule. Ithathwa kanye ngosuku. Ingathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Ilebula elisebhodleleni lakho lomuthi lizokutshela ukuthi kufanele uyithathe nini ngosuku. Ngokuvamile, ama-statin asebenza isikhathi esifushane athathwa ebusuku ngoba imizimba yethu ikhiqiza i-cholesterol eningi ebusuku lapho silele. Kodwa-ke, ama-statin asebenza isikhathi eside awasebenzi kahle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni.
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda. Cabanga ukuthi isibindi sakho siyifektri eyinhloko eyenza i-cholesterol. Ama-75% e-cholesterol umzimba wethu awudingayo akhiqizwa yilesi sibindi. Okunye kuvela ekudleni esikudlayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze le fektri eyenza i-cholesterol isebenze, idinga isisebenzi esibalulekile. Leyo yi-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-HMG-CoA reductase. Kufana nokudinga umakhenikha ochwepheshe ukuze akhe imoto.
Ama-statin enza umsebenzi ocashile kakhulu. Kufana nonogada esangweni lefektri. Ama-statin avimba i-enzyme ye-HMG-CoA reductase ukuthi ingangeni efektri. Okusho ukuthi, ayayivimba. Kwenzekani-ke? Ngenxa yokuthi "isisebenzi" esiyinhloko esenza i-cholesterol asisekho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol yesibindi kwehla kakhulu. Lena yindlela ama-statin alawula ngayo amazinga e-cholesterol egazini lakho.
Kalula nje, ama-statin aphazamisa inqubo yesibindi yokukhiqiza i-cholesterol, ngaleyo ndlela ehlisa izinga le-cholesterol embi (LDL) egazini.
Kungani sidinga lawa ma-statin?
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
I-cholesterol ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze ikhiqize i-vitamin D, ama-hormone, nama-acid asiza ekugayeni ukudla. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, i-cholesterol eningi kakhulu inqwabelana egazini.
Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, le cholesterol eyengeziwe iqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa ma-deposit (i-plaque) abangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe. Bese kuba nendawo encane yokugeleza kwegazi. Kufana nokuminyana kwezimoto emgwaqweni omatasa.
Isimo singaba sibi nakakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-cholesterol aqongeleleke ngaphakathi kwalezo zitsha zegazi angaba angazinzile futhi aqhume ngokuzumayo. Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi lapho, lingavimba ngokuphelele imithambo yegazi. Uma lokhu kuvinjelwa kwenzeka emthanjeni ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni, kubangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . Uma kwenzeka emthanjeni ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni, kubangela isifo sohlangothi . Ama-statin anciphisa i-cholesterol futhi asivikele kulezi zimo ezimbi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-statin ezitholakala emakethe?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-statin. Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo kanye nomthamo okulungele wena ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
| Igama lomuthi we-statin (Igama Elijwayelekile) | Amagama Omkhiqizo Avamile |
|---|---|
| I-Atorvastatin | I-Lipitor®, i-Caduet® |
| I-Fluvastatin | - |
| I-Lovastatin | I-Mevacor®, i-Altoprev™ |
| I-Pitavastatin | I-Livalo®, i-Zypitamag® |
| I-Pravastatin | - |
| I-Rosuvastatin | I-Crestor®, i-Ezallor Sprinkle® |
| I-Simvastatin | I-Zocor®, i-FloLipid®, i-Vytorin® |
Kwezinye izimo, umuthi we-statin unikezwa njengephilisi elihlanganisiwe nomunye umuthi.
- I-Simvastatin ene-ezetimibe noma i-niacin
- I-Atorvastatin ene-ezetimibe noma i-amlodipine
- I-Lovastatin ene-niacin
Ubani okufanele athathe ama-statin?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ama-statin awawona umuthi ofanele wonke umuntu. Udokotela uzokunikeza lo muthi ngokusekelwe engcupheni yakho yokuba nesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ngokuvamile, ama-statin anconywa ku:
- Kulabo abangakwazi ukulawula amazinga abo e-cholesterol ngokudla nokuzivocavoca .
- Kwabanye abantu, ngenxa yezizathu zofuzo (izakhi zofuzo), okungukuthi, ufuzo, umzimba ukhiqiza i-cholesterol eningi kunokudingekile. Kulabo bantu.
- Kulabo abanezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nokubhema.
Lapho enquma ukuthi uyawadinga yini ama-statin, udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, ubulili, kanye nomlando womndeni. Ama-statin angase anikezwe abantu abadala, futhi kwezinye izimo, izingane ezincane.
Nazi ezinye izimo lapho odokotela bevame ukuncoma khona ama-statin:
- Kulabo amazinga abo e-cholesterol embi (LDL) aphezulu kakhulu, angaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL, futhi angeke alawulwe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila.
- Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40-75 abanesifo sikashukela kanye namazinga e-LDL angaphezu kuka-70 mg/dL.
- Kulabo abake baba nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD).
- Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-40-75 ubudala, abanamazinga e-LDL angaphezu kuka-70 mg/dL kanye nengozi enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo.
Ingabe ama-statin anemiphumela emibi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-statin angabangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi abantu abaningi ababi nemiphumela emibi. Ngisho noma beba nayo, eminingi yayo mincane.
Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lokhu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho. Angalungisa umthamo wakho noma akushintshele kwesinye isidakamizwa.
| Imiphumela emibi evamile nengavamile | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi emincane evamile |
|
| Imiphumela emibi engavamile ukuba mibi kakhulu |
|
Okubalulekile: Qaphela iGrapefruit nePomegranate!
Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi ugweme ijusi le-grapefruit noma i-pomegranate uma uthatha ama-statin athile (ikakhulukazi i-Atorvastatin, i-Lovastatin, i-Simvastatin). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zithelo zingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokubhidliza i-statin. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwemithi eminingi emzimbeni wakho, okwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nama-statin
Kwenzekani uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-statin ngokuzumayo?
Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-statin ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho, amazinga akho e-cholesterol azoqala ukukhuphuka futhi. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi izokhula futhi. Lokhu kufana nokususa isambulela emvuleni. Isivikelo esinikezwa yimithi sizolahleka. Ngakho-ke ungayeki ukuthatha imithi nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho.
Ingabe ama-statin abangela ukukhuluphala?
Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi ama-statin angabangela ukukhuluphala okuncane. Enye into ukuthi lapho abanye abantu beqala ukuthatha imithi, ngoba amazinga abo e-cholesterol amahle, bacabanga ukuthi, "Manje sengiphilile," futhi bangakunaki ukulawula ukudla kwabo nokuzivocavoca. Ngisho nalapho, bangase bakhuluphale. Khumbula, noma ngabe uthatha ama-statin, kubalulekile ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngesikhathi ngithatha lo muthi?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngenkathi uthatha ama-statin, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
- Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki bemisipha noma amalunga
- Ubuthakathaka
- Imfiva
- Ukuphuzi kwamehlo noma isikhumba (i-Jaundice)
- Umchamo omnyama
Ingabe bakhona abantu okungafanele bathathe ama-statin?
Yebo. Ama-statin awafanele abanye abantu.
- Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
- Kwabomama abancelisayo
- Kubantu abanezifo ezithile zesibindi ezinzima
Uma unesifo sikashukela, tshela udokotela wakho. Kumuntu osevele esengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela, ama-statin angayandisa kancane leyo ngozi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo, izinzuzo zama-statin zidlula kakhulu ingozi encane. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukwenza lesi sinqumo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-statin ayimithi ebaluleke kakhulu enciphisa i-cholesterol embi (i-LDL) egazini lakho futhi ikuvikele engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi uyawudinga lo muthi noma cha, uhlobo luni, kanye nomthamo ongakanani.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha ama-statin noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
- Uma kuvela noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi (ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bemisipha), yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ungakhohlwa ukulandela ukudla okunempilo kanye nesimiso sokuzilolonga ngenkathi uthatha ama-statin. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ivela ekuhlanganiseni kokubili.
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