Cishe uke wezwa "ngemithi ye-sulfa." Mhlawumbe udokotela ukunike ukhilimu wokugcoba esikhumbeni sakho wathi, "Lona umuthi we-sulfa." Ayini ngempela ama-sulfonamides? Ingabe angama-antibiotic nje? Cha, indaba inde kakhulu kunalokho. Ake sifinyelele ekugcineni kwalokhu namuhla.
Kalula nje, ayini lawa ma-sulfonamides?
Ama-Sulfonamides ayisigaba semithi enziwa ngokwenziwa, okungukuthi, ezindaweni zokucwaninga. Aziveli ngokwemvelo. Zonke izidakamizwa kulesi sigaba semithi ziqukethe isakhi esithi “sulfur” esakhiweni sazo samakhemikhali. Yingakho zibizwa ngokuthi “ama-sulfonamides.”
Manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane , lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukuvimba amagciwane ekwenzeni into ebizwa ngokuthi " i-folate " ayidingayo. Siyazi futhi ukuthi i-folate iyi -vitamin B9 . Cabanga nje, lesi sakhi esibizwa ngokuthi i-folate sibalulekile ukuze amagciwane aphile futhi asakazeke. Ngakho-ke lapho imithi ye-sulfonamide ingena emzimbeni, iyahamba iyovimba amagciwane ekwenzeni le folate. Kufana nokulamba ngaphandle kokudla, amagciwane ayaphela kancane kancane futhi afe.
“Ngakho-ke akukho yini inkinga emizimbeni yethu?” ungase ucabange. Cha. Ngoba thina, okungukuthi, abantu, sithola i-folate edingwa yimizimba yethu ekudleni esikudlayo. Asenzi i-folate emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke lo muthi ngokuvamile awuthinti amaseli emizimbeni yethu ngaleyo ndlela.
Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale i-penicillin , ngawo-1930, ama-sulfonamides ayengomunye wemithi engcono kakhulu etholakalayo yokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngaleso sikhathi , le mithi yasiza ekunciphiseni inani lokufa ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo ngenani elikhulu. Kodwa namuhla, ayisetshenziswa kuphela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane. Imithi ekulesi sigaba isetshenziselwa ezinye izifo eziningi.
Yiziphi izifo ezisetshenziswa ama-sulfonamides?
Esikhathini esidlule, zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kodwa namuhla, lolu hlobo lwemithi seluthuthuke kakhulu. Ama-Sulfonamides asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kanye ne-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ake sibone ukuthi yimiphi eminye imithi engaphansi kwalesi sigaba nokuthi isetshenziselwa ziphi izifo. Ukuze kube lula, sizoyihlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezimbili.
1. Ama-Sulfonamides asetshenziswa njengama-antibiotic
Lena imithi enikezwa kakhulu ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
| Izinhlobo zama-antibiotic: ama-sulfonamides |
|---|
| I-Mafenide (i-Sulfamylon®) |
| I-Sulfadiazene (i-Silvadene® noma i-Thermazene®) – (ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni) |
| I-Sulfamethizole |
| I-Sulfisoxazole |
| I-Sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine®) – (Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-ulcerative colitis) |
| I-Sulfadoxine – (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umalaleveva) |
2. Ama-sulfonamides angewona ama-antibiotic
Lezi akuzona izidakamizwa ezibulala amagciwane. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izifo eziningi. Lolu hlu lude kancane, kodwa lukunikeza umbono wobubanzi balolu hlobo lwemithi.
| Igama Lomuthi | Ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Acetohexamide, i-Chlorpropamide, i-Tolazamide, i-Tolbutamide | Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 |
| I-Furosemide (Lasix®), i-Bumetanide, i-Torsemide, i-Chlorthalidone, i-Hydrochlorothiazide, i-Indapamide | Ama-diuretics asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuvuvukala okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana. |
| I-Celecoxib (i-Celebrex®) | Ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye nezimo zokuvuvukala njenge-arthritis. |
| I-Darunavir (i-Prezista®) | Umuthi wokulwa negciwane lengculazi. |
| I-Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Ngekhanda elibuhlungu le-migraine. |
| I-Sildenafil (i-Viagra®, i-Revatio®) | Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary arterial. |
| I-Tamsulosin (i-Flomax®) | Ngezinkinga zomchamo ezibangelwa ukwanda kwendlala ye-prostate (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| I-Zonisamide (i-Zonegran®) | Ukuquleka okubangelwa yisifo sokuwa. |
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ube ne-allergy kuma-sulfonamides?
Yebo, ungakwenza. Cishe uke wezwa abantu bethi, "Nginomzimba wokungezwani nemithi ye-sulfa." Phakathi kuka-3% no-8% wabantu emhlabeni wonke banomzimba wokungezwani nohlobo oluthile lomuthi we-sulfa. Kodwa lokhu kufana nokungezwani ne-penicillin.
Into ebalulekile yile: ukuthi nje ube ne-allergy kumuthi owodwa we-sulfonamide akusho ukuthi une-allergy kuzo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa kuleli klasi. Lokhu kuyinto odokotela abayamukelayo manje.
Ngakho-ke, uma uke waba nokungezwani komzimba ne-sulfonamide ngaphambilini, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi omusha. Uzokwazi ukuncoma umuthi ohlukile ofanele wena.
Yiziphi izinkinga zalolu hlobo lomuthi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-sulfonamides angaba nezinkinga ezithile kanye nemiphumela emibi. Okuyinhloko yile:
- Ukumelana namagciwane: Uma usebenzisa i-antibiotic efanayo isikhathi eside, amanye amabhaktheriya aqala ukumelana naleyo mithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi awusasebenzi kulawo mabhaktheriya. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngama-sulfonamides.
- Ukulahlekelwa umthelela kwamanye amabhaktheriya: Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya ziyamelana ngokwemvelo nale mithi.
- Imiphumela emibi kakhulu: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu , kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba njenge- Stevens-Johnson syndrome kanye ne-toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Le miphumela emibi ingahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu kanye nasemithini eya emithini. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nemithi oyinikezwe, izinzuzo zayo kanye nezingozi zayo. Mbuze ngayo.
Ingabe iBactrim™ nayo iyi-sulfonamide?
Yebo, ngokwengxenye. I-Bactrim™ iqukethe i-sulfamethizole, uhlobo lwe-sulfonamide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe nomunye umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-trimethoprim. Lokhu kokubili kusebenza ndawonye.
Ingabe i-Celebrex® nayo iyi-sulfonamide?
Yebo. I-Celecoxib (evame ukwaziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo i-Celebrex®), esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu be-arthritis, nayo iyi-sulfonamide.
Ingabe lo muthi ungabangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu emchameni?
Yebo, eminye imithi ye-sulfa ingabangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu emchameni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona imiphumela emibi evamile. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi imithi oyiphuzayo kungenzeka yini ukuthi ibangele lokhu nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze ukuvimbele (isibonelo, phuza amanzi amaningi).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Sulfonamides awawona nje ama-antibiotic. Ayiqembu elikhulu lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene.
- Lolu hlobo lwemithi lusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi, kusukela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane kuya kushukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu.
- Ukungezwani komzimba kungabangela imithi ye-sulfa. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nomzimba ohlukunyezwa uhlobo oluthile akusho ukuthi uzoba nomzimba ohlukunyezwayo kuyo yonke imithi ekulolo hlobo.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungezwani nemithi onakho ngaphambilini.
Ama-Sulfonamides, izidakamizwa ze-sulfa, ama-sulfonamides, ama-antibiotic, ukungezwani nemithi, i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, i-Bactrim, i-Celebrex, i-Lasix
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