Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa "ngemithi ye-sulfa." Mhlawumbe udokotela ukunike ukhilimu wesikhumba sakho wathi, "Lona umuthi osekelwe ku-sulfa." Kodwa ayini ngempela ama-sulfonamides? Ingabe angama-antibiotic nje? Cha, indaba ibanzi kakhulu kunalokho. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde lokhu ngokucacile nangokunembile.
Kalula nje, ayini ama-sulfonamides?
Ama-Sulfonamides ayiqembu lemithi yokwenziwa edalwe ezindaweni zelebhu; awaveli ngokwemvelo. Yonke imithi kulesi sigaba iqukethe i-element "sulfur" ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, okuyiyona ndlela igama elithi "sulfonamide" eliqale ngayo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Uma zisetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane , le mithi ivimbela amagciwane ekukhiqizeni " i-folate " ( i-folate ). Siphinde sazi i-folate njenge -vitamin B9 . Cabanga ngale ndlela: amagciwane adinga lesi sakhi ukuze asinde futhi ande. Lapho ama-sulfonamides engena emzimbeni, avimba amagciwane ekukhiqizeni le folate. Njengokulamba ngaphandle kokudla, amagciwane ayancipha kancane kancane futhi afe.
Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe lokhu kuyayilimaza imizimba yethu?" Impendulo ingucha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu bathola i-folate abayidingayo ekudleni esikudlayo; asiyikhiqizi thina ngokwethu ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Ngakho-ke, le mithi ngokuvamile ayithinti amaseli emizimba yethu ngaleyo ndlela efanayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale i-penicillin ( penicillin ) ngawo-1930, ama-sulfonamides ayephakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Adlale indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukufa okubangelwa izifo ezithathelwanayo . Nokho, namuhla, asetshenziselwa okungaphezu nje kokutheleleka ngamagciwane, edlala indima ekwelapheni ezinye izimo eziningi zezokwelapha .
Yiziphi izimo eziphathwa ngama-sulfonamides?
Ngokomlando, lezi zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwemithi seluthuthuke kakhulu. Ama-Sulfonamides manje asetshenziswa ukuphatha izimo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesikhumba njenge-melanoma.
Ake sibheke izinhlobo zemithi kulesi sigaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ukuze kube lula.
1. Ama-Sulfonamides asetshenziswa njenge-Antibiotics
Lokhu kunqunyelwe kakhulu ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
| Izinhlobo ze-Antibiotic Sulfonamide |
|---|
| I-Mafenide (i-Sulfamylon®) |
| I-Sulfadiazine (i-Silvadene® noma i-Thermazene®) – (Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulimaleni kokusha) |
| I-Sulfamethizole |
| I-Sulfisoxazole |
| I-Sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine®) – (Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-ulcerative colitis) |
| I-Sulfadoxine – (Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umalaleveva) |
2. Ama-Sulfonamides angewona ama-antibiotic
Lezi azisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane kodwa zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izifo ezahlukahlukene. Nakuba uhlu lubanzi, lubonisa ukuguquguquka kwalolu hlobo lwemithi.
| Igama Lomuthi | Ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Acetohexamide, i-Chlorpropamide, i-Tolazamide, i-Tolbutamide | Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 |
| I-Furosemide (Lasix®), i-Bumetanide, i-Torsemide, i-Chlorthalidone, i-Hydrochlorothiazide, i-Indapamide | Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi). Asetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kanye nokuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli. |
| I-Celecoxib (i-Celebrex®) | Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwamalunga njengase-arthritis. |
| I-Darunavir (i-Prezista®) | Imithi yokulwa negciwane lengculazi. |
| I-Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Ikhanda elibuhlungu le-migraine. |
| I-Sildenafil (i-Viagra®, i-Revatio®) | Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary arterial. |
| I-Tamsulosin (i-Flomax®) | Izinkinga zomchamo ezibangelwa yi-benign prostatic hyperplasia (i-prostate ekhulisiwe). |
| I-Zonisamide (i-Zonegran®) | Ukuquleka okubangelwa yisifo sokuwa. |
Ungaba ne-allergy kuma-sulfonamides?
Yebo, impela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa abantu bethi, "Nginomzimba we-sulfa." Cishe u-3% kuya ku-8% wabantu bomhlaba wonke banomzimba we-allergy ohlotsheni oluthile lwemithi equkethe i-sulfa. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi lokhu kufana nokwanda kokungezwani komzimba ne-penicillin.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu yileli:Ngenxa yokuthi une-allergy ku-sulfonamide eyodwa, akusho ukuthi une-allergy kuyo yonke imithi ekulesi sigaba. Leli iqiniso manje eliqashelwa kabanzi umphakathi wezokwelapha.
Ngakho-ke, uma uke waba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba ne-sulfonamide esikhathini esidlule, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha. Bazokwazi ukunquma enye indlela ephephile nefanele kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zale mithi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-sulfonamides angaba nezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukumelana namagciwane: Uma i-antibiotic efanayo isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amabhaktheriya angafunda ukumelana nayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi uyeka ukusebenza ngokumelene nalawo mabhaktheriya. Ama-Sulfonamides angaphansi kwale ngozi efanayo.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamagciwane athile: Amanye amabhaktheriya amelana ngokwemvelo nale mithi kusukela ekuqaleni.
- Imiphumela emibi kakhulu: Nakuba ingavamile kakhulu , abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba, njenge- Stevens-Johnson syndrome noma i-toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Le miphumela emibi iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umuntu ngamunye uthini kanye nomuthi othize. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nezingozi nezinzuzo zemithi yakho ethize. Ungangabazi ukumbuza noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.
Ingabe iBactrim™ nayo iyi-sulfonamide?
Yebo, ngokwengxenye. I-Bactrim™ iqukethe i-sulfamethoxazole, uhlobo lwe-sulfonamide. Iphinde iqukethe i-trimethoprim, omunye umuthi. Lokhu kokubili kusebenza ndawonye ukulwa nokutheleleka.
Ingabe i-Celebrex® iyi-sulfonamide?
Yebo. I-Celecoxib (evame ukwaziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo i-Celebrex®), esetshenziselwa ubuhlungu be-arthritis, ingeyohlobo lwe-sulfonamide.
Ingabe le mithi ingabangela amakristalu emchameni?
Yebo, eminye imithi ye-sulfa ingabangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu amancane emchameni. Nakuba lokhu kungewona umphumela ovamile, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi lokhu kuyingozi yini kuwe nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe—njengokuhlala unamanzi anele—ukuze uvimbele lokhu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya Ovela eNirogi Lanka
- Ama-Sulfonamides awawona nje ama-antibiotic alula; ayiqembu elikhulu lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene.
- Le mithi isetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane kuya ekuphatheni isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu.
- Nakuba ukungezwani komzimba ne-sulfa kungenzeka, ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi othile akusho ukuthi ungezwani komzimba nalo lonke uhlobo.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okusha, yazisa udokotela wakho njalo ngezimo zakho zezokwelapha ezikhona kanye nanoma yimuphi umlando wokungezwani nemithi. Uma ubhekana nokusabela okubi kakhulu, funa ukunakekelwa okusheshayo emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe noma ushayele u-911.
Ama-Sulfonamides, imithi ye-sulfa, ama-antibiotic, ukungezwani nemithi, i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, i-Bactrim, i-Celebrex, i-Lasix
