Wake wanikezwa uhlobo lomuthi "we-Sulfa" ngudokotela empilweni yakho? Mhlawumbe uyakhumbula, noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa ngalo. Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa igama elithi "sulfa," bacabanga ukuthi liyisidakamizwa esifanayo. Kodwa empeleni igama elijwayelekile leqembu elikhulu lemithi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ayini lawa ma-sulfonamides, ukuthi enzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzazi ngawo.
Ziyini ngempela lezi zinhlobo ze-sulfonamides?
Kalula nje, ama-sulfonamides ayiqembu lemithi eyenziwa elabhorethri ngabantu (eyenziwe ngendlela yokwenziwa). Aziveli ngokwemvelo. Uma ubheka isakhiwo samakhemikhali sale mithi, yonke inengxenye efanayo equkethe i-element sulfur. Yilapho igama elithi "sulfonamide" livela khona.
Ngakho-ke le mithi isebenza kanjani? Cabanga ngakho, amabhaktheriya angena emizimbeni yethu adinga ukudla ukuze aphile futhi asakazeke. Esinye sezakhamzimba ezidingwa yila mabhaktheriya yi -folate, noma i-vitamin B9 . Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ye-sulfa ukuvimba ikhono lamabhaktheriya lokwenza le folate. Kufana nokulamba ngaphandle kokudla. Lapho amabhaktheriya encishwa i-folate, awakwazi ukwahlukana noma ukukhula futhi afe kancane kancane.
Manje ungase ucabange, "Nathi sidinga i-folate, ngakho ngeke yini isilimaze?" Lowo ngumbuzo omuhle! Kodwa thina, okungukuthi, abantu, sithola i-folate esiyidingayo ekudleni esikudlayo. Asenzi i-folate emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke le mithi ayithinti ngqo amangqamuzana ethu ngaleyo ndlela. Yingakho iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubulala amagciwane.
Izidakamizwa ze-sulfa zibaluleke kakhulu namuhla njengoba zazibaluleke ngaleso sikhathi.
Ama-Sulfonamides kwakungewona ama-antibiotic okuqala ukutholakala. Kodwa ngemva kokutholakala kwawo ngawo-1930, ayeyiqembu lama-antibiotic elingcono kakhulu nelinamandla kakhulu elalitholakala cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Ngaphambi kokuba i-penicillin ithandwe, le mithi ye-sulfa yasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukufa okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
Kodwa namuhla, ama-sulfonamides awasetshenziswa nje kuphela ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lolu hlobo lwemithi lusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Yimiphi eminye imithi engaphansi kweqembu le-sulfonamide?
Lolu hlu lude kancane, kodwa luzokunikeza umbono wokuthi le mithi isetshenziswa kangaki. Ake sihlukanise lokhu kube izingxenye ezimbili.
| Igama Lomuthi | Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile |
|---|---|
| 1. Ama-antibiotic sulfonamides | |
| I-Sulfacetamide | Njengesithako sokugcoba ama-acne noma njengamaconsi amehlo ezifo zamehlo (conjunctivitis) |
| I-Sulfadiazine (i-Silvadene®) | Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamanxeba okusha |
| I-Sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine®) | I-ulcerative colitis kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis |
| I-Sulfamethoxazole (equkethwe ku-Bactrim™) | Izifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, izifo zokuphefumula |
| 2. Ama-sulfonamides angewona ama-antibiotic | |
| I-Furosemide (Lasix®), i-Bumetanide (Bumex®) | Ama-diuretics okunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi (ukuvuvukala) emzimbeni kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme |
| I-Celecoxib (i-Celebrex®) | Ubuhlungu bamalunga njenge-arthritis |
| I-Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Ngekhanda elibuhlungu le-migraine |
| I-Tolbutamide, i-Chlorpropamide | Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 |
| I-Tamsulosin (i-Flomax®) | Ngezinkinga zomchamo ezibangelwa ukwanda kwendlala ye-prostate (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia) |
| I-Darunavir (i-Prezista®) | Umuthi wokulwa negciwane lengculazi |
Kulokhu, ungabona ukuthi yize igama elithi "sulfa" libizwa ngokuthi "sulfa", akuyona into efanayo, nokuthi liyiklasi elibanzi kakhulu lemithi.
Ingabe indaba 'yokungezwani komzimba ne-sulfa' iyiqiniso?
Yebo, ukungezwani komzimba nemithi ye-sulfonamide kungenzeka. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abaphakathi kuka-3 no-8 kwabayi-100 bane-allergy emuthini we-sulfa. Kodwa lokhu kufana nezinga lokungezwani komzimba namanye ama-antibiotic avamile, njenge-penicillin.
Kodwa into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi ngoba nje ube nomzimba one-sulfa, ngeke ube nomzimba one-sulfa kuyo yonke eminye imithi . Isibonelo, umuntu one-allergy ku-antibiotic i-Bactrim cishe ngeke abe nomzimba one-painkiller i-Celebrex. Ngoba izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zale mithi emibili zihlukile.
Ngakho-ke, uma uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nomuthi we-sulfa, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ukuze akunike enye indlela ephephile.
Ingabe kukhona imiphumela emibi noma izingozi ngalo muthi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-sulfonamides angaba nezinkinga ezithile kanye nezingozi.
- Ukumelana Namagciwane: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amabhaktheriya angaba 'umlutha' wale mithi futhi abe nokumelana nayo. Umuthi ube usuyeka ukusebenza kulawo mabhaktheriya.
- Imiphumela emibi kakhulu: Akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba. I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome kanye ne-toxic epidermal necrolysis yizimo ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu, kodwa ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba wesabe ngento efana nale, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nemithi oyiphuzayo.
Ingabe iBactrim iyi-sulfonamide?
Yebo, ngokwengxenye. Umuthi iBactrim™ uqukethe i-sulfamethoxazole, i-sulfonamide, kanye nomunye umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-trimethoprim, osebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Ingabe iCelebrex nayo iyisidakamizwa se-sulfa?
Yebo. I-Celecoxib (Celebrex®) iyisidakamizwa sokuqeda izinhlungu esisesigabeni se-sulfonamide.
Ingabe lo muthi ungabangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu emchameni?
Eminye imithi ye-sulfa ingabangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu emchameni. Lokhu akuyona imiphumela emibi evamile. Uma udokotela wakho ekubhalela yona, uzokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ukuvimbela lokhu (isibonelo, phuza amanzi amaningi). Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.
Ama-Sulfonamides ayiklasi lemithi elivivinywe kahle neliqinisekisiwe elinomlando ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-90. Ekuqaleni ayesetshenziswa kuphela ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane, manje asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi kusukela ekhanda kuye ezinzwaneni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Sulfonamides, noma "i-sulfa," awawona umuthi owodwa. Ayiqembu elikhulu lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo kanye nobuhlungu.
- Uma uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nanoma yimuphi umuthi we-sulfa, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi.
- Umuthi ngamunye we-sulfa uhlukile. Ngoba nje une-allergy komunye, ungakhathazeki ngokuthi uzoba ne-allergy kuzo zonke ezinye. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Thatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngokwelulekwa udokotela kuphela. Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngemiphumela emibi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
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