Kuthiwani uma ulimele kakhulu (i-Traumatic Injury) engozini? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Cabanga ukuthi wena noma othile omaziyo ube sengozini enkulu. Mhlawumbe bekuyingozi yomgwaqo, ukuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme, noma into engalindelekile nhlobo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kulimala okukhulu nokusongela ukuphila yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukulimala okubuhlungu." Kungaba kubi kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.

Kuyini ukulimala okubuhlungu?

Kalula nje, lokhu kubhekisela kunoma yikuphi ukulimala okukhulu ngokomzimba . Lokhu kulimala kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi okuningi noma ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda. Ukulimala okunjalo kuvame kakhulu emazweni afana ne-United States. ESri Lanka, sivame ukubona izingozi emaphephandabeni naku-TV, akunjalo? Ukulimala okunjalo kungenzeka ekhaya, emsebenzini, emgwaqweni, ngenkathi ushayela imoto, noma ngisho nalapho uhamba ngezinyawo. Iningi lalokhu kulimala libangelwa ukuwa nezingozi zomgwaqo . Kodwa-ke, ukulimala okukhulu kungavela futhi ngomuntu oshaywayo, ogwazwe, odutshulwe, noma oshaywe ngento esindayo. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha . Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu ulimale kabi kanje, kufanele ushayele i-ambulensi ngokushesha . Ukulimala okunjalo kungaguqula impilo. Kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho kanye nasezimpilweni zalabo abakukhathalelayo. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuphulukiswa. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesineke , kokubili kuwe kanye nalabo abakuzungezile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulimala okunje?

Odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kulimala okubuhlungu ngokusekelwe endleleni okwenzeka ngayo kanye nomthelela onawo emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ukulimala okubuhlungu okubangelwa yi-Blunt force

Lolu uhlobo lokulimala oluvame kakhulu . Kwenzeka lapho into ishaya umzimba wakho ngamandla. Cabanga ngakho njengokuwa usuka phezulu, ukushaywa ngumuntu empini. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphukeni kwamathambo, ukopha kwangaphakathi, ukopha okuvela emanxebeni ajulile, noma ukuxhuzula okukhulu.

2. Ukulimala okubangelwa ukwehla kwesivinini ngokuzumayo (Ukulimala okubuhlungu kokunciphisa ijubane)

Lokhu kwenzeka uma uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu bese uvele ume ngokuzumayo. Isibonelo, uma ushayela imoto ngesivinini esikhulu bese ushayisa okuthile ngokuzumayo, ikhanda lakho lingaya phambili bese lishaya isiteringi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buqhume ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho, okubangela ukulimala kobuchopho .

3. Ukulimala okubuhlungu okudlulela ngaphakathi

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ebukhali ihlaba isikhumba bese ingena emzimbeni. Isibonelo, inxeba lokudutshulwa, ukugwazwa ngommese, noma into ebukhali iwela phezu kwakho, noma izingcezu zokuqhuma kwebhomu zingabangela lolu hlobo lokulimala.

Kuyini ukulimala okukhulu okubuhlungu?

Ngokuvamile, 'ukulimala okukhulu okubuhlungu' kuchazwa njengokulimala okuningi okusongela impilo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba wakho ngesikhathi esisodwa. Odokotela basebenzisa indlela ejwayelekile ukunquma lokhu. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Injury Severity Score (ISS) .

Ubukhulu bokulimala bulinganiswa kanjani? (Isilinganiso Sokulimala - ISS)

Lolu hlelo lwe-'ISS' luvumela odokotela ukuthi benze izinqumo mayelana nokulimala ngakunye ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokwelapha ngakunye ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, uma unesilonda esibuhlungu, lolu hlelo lokuthola amaphuzu lusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi bazokugcina esibhedlela noma bakudlulisele 'esikhungweni esikhethekile se-'trauma'. Kulokhu, odokotela babheka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Inani lamanxeba : Hlola ukuthi mangaki amanxeba onawo kulezi zingxenye zomzimba wakho:
• Ikhanda nentamo
• Ubuso
• Umphimbo
• Isisu kanye ne-pelvis
• Izandla nemilenze
• Isikhumba
• Ubunzima bokulimala: Ukulimala kungaba okuncane, okumaphakathi, okukhulu, okukhulu kakhulu, okubucayi, okukhulu noma okungelapheki. Uma ukulimala kukhulu, kulapho amaphuzu aphezulu khona. Isibonelo, ukulimala okuncane kunikezwa amaphuzu njengenye. Amaphuzu ayisithupha asho ukuthi ukulimala kukhulu kangangokuthi akukho ukwelashwa okungavimbela ukufa.

Nansi indlela yokubala amaphuzu e-'ISS': Odokotela bathola izingxenye ezintathu zomzimba wakho ezilimele kakhulu . Bese, basebenzisa isikali sobunzima obunamaphuzu ayisithupha ukuthola amanxeba amabi kakhulu kulezo zingxenye ezintathu. Bese, bahlanganisa amaphuzu bese bewahlanganisa ndawonye ukuthola amaphuzu e-'ISS'. La maphuzu angasukela ku-3 kuya ku-75. Amaphuzu e-'ISS' angu-15 noma ngaphezulu abhekwa 'njengokulimala okukhulu okubuhlungu.' Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kusiza odokotela ukuthi banikeze ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesiguli.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ezingabangelwa yilezi zinhlobo zokulimala?

Ukulimala okubuhlungu kungabangela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Amathambo aphukile, ukwaphuka komgogodla
• Iphaphu eliwileI-Pneumothorax)
• I-Compartment syndrome: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwezicubu zezingxenye ezithile zomzimba ikhula ngokweqile, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi kuzo.
• Ukusikeka okujulile
• Ukushaqeka kukagesi
• Isifuba esigoqekile: Kulokhu, izimbambo eziningana esifubeni ziyaphuka zilandelana, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokunyakaza okuxakile kwaleyo ngxenye yesifuba lapho uphefumula.
• Ukulimala ekhanda: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-epidural hematoma, ukuphuka kogebhezi, ukuphuma kwegazi okungaphansi kwe-subarachnoid, i-subdural hematoma, noma ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI) .
• Ukopha kwegazi
• Ukuqhekeka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuxhuzula okukhulu
• Ukushaqeka okukhulu kwe-hypovolemia / Ukushaqeka okukhulu kwe-hypovolemic: Lesi yisimo sokushaqeka esibangelwa ukulahlekelwa igazi noma uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.
• Ukulimala komgogodla
• Ukulimala kwesisu okubuhlungu: Isibonelo, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kungenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo ezithweni ezifana ne-duodenum, i-pancreas, noma i-spleen.
• Ukunqunywa kwemilenze okubuhlungu ukulahlekelwa yilungu, njengengalo noma umlenze, ngenxa yengozi.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta `(I-aorta ephukile)`

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu kulimala?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukulimala kwenzeke kanjani kanye nomthelela emzimbeni . Isibonelo, uma kukhona ukulimala okujulile ngemva kwengozi yemoto, ungase ubone igazi liphuma. Ngezinye izikhathi ithambo eliphukile lingabonakala esikhumbeni (ukuphuka okuhlanganisiwe) . Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi "isifuba esithambile" (flail chest), isifuba sibuhlungu uma uphefumula futhi kunzima ukuphefumula. Uma ulimele ekhanda, ungase ulahlekelwe ingqondo, uhlanze, noma ungakwazi ukukhuluma.

Uphatha kanjani ukulimala okunje?

Kunezinyathelo eziningana zokwelapha eziyisisekelo. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-ABCDE . Izinyathelo yilezi:

• A - Indlela Yomoya: Okokuqala, odokotela bazohlola ukuthi kukhona yini okuvimba indlela yakho yomoya (indlela yokuphefumula) noma ukuthi kukhona yini isizathu sokuthi ungakwazi ukuphefumula .
• B - Ukuphefumula:Okulandelayo, bazohlola ukuthi uphefumula kahle yini, ukuthi unephaphu eliwile (i-pneumothorax), nokuthi ngabe ipayipi lakho le-endotracheal likhona yini.
• C - Ukujikeleza kwegazi: Uma kukhona amanxeba aphuma igazi ngaphandle, aphathwa ngokushesha. Baphinde bahlole ukopha kwangaphakathi kanye nezimpawu zokushaqeka.
• D - Ukukhubazeka (ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa): Okulandelayo, bahlola ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga ngesistimu yezinzwa noma ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo emgogodleni.
• E - Ukuvezwa (Ukuhlolwa Okugcwele): Ekugcineni, zonke izingubo zakho ziyasuswa futhi yonke indawo yomzimba wakho ihlolwe kahle, kubhekwe noma yikuphi okunye ukulimala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho lutho olulahlekile .

Odokotela belapha ukulimala okusongela kakhulu impilo kuqala. Ngokuvamile, lokho kusho ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo ohlinzayo wenza ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ukuze elaphe ukulimala noma izimo ezisongela impilo.

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ekulimaleni okuthile okutholile. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo wezinkinga zokulimala angase afune usizo lwabanye ochwepheshe uma kudingeka. Isibonelo:

• Uma imithambo yegazi ilimele, kuzobizwa odokotela abahlinzayo bemithambo yegazi (odokotela abahlinzayo abangochwepheshe bemithambo yegazi) .
• Uma amathambo elimele, odokotela abahlinzayo bamathambo (odokotela abahlinzayo abangochwepheshe ezifweni zamathambo) bazoboniswana nabo.
• Uma kukhona ukulimala kobuchopho , kuzobizwa odokotela abahlinzayo bezinzwa (odokotela abahlinzayo abangochwepheshe ohlelweni lwezinzwa) .

Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokwelashwa phakathi nokululama kwakho. Isibonelo:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Buyisela ukusebenza komzimba.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Zijwayeze ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa.
• Ukusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo: Kunzima ukubhekana nesimo ngemva kwengozi enkulu efana nale. Kubalulekile ukuthola usizo ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka , ukukhathazeka, kanye nesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD) .

Izingozi ezinje azinakuvinjelwa yini?

Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izingozi ezibuhlungu ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ubungozi bethu. Isibonelo, izingozi zomgwaqo ziyimbangela enkulu yalokhu kulimala. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlala ubopha ibhande lesihlalo futhi ungashayeli uphuze utshwala noma izidakamizwa (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nemithi kadokotela), unganciphisa ubungozi bakho bokulimala engozini. Izinto ezincane njengokuqaphela emgwaqweni nokucabanga ngokuphepha lapho wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule

Ukulimala okubuhlungu kungenzeka ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokusekelwa ukuze kuphole. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa okusheshayo, njengokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe noma okunye ukwelashwa kungadingeka kamuva.

Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, noma amanxeba angokomzimba ephola, izibazi ezingokomzwelo zithatha isikhathi ukuphola, futhi zingahlala impilo yonke. Uma ulwa nemiphumela yokulimala okungaka, noma uma uzizwa ukhungathekile ngakho, sicela ufune usizo kudokotela noma kumeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Awuwedwa, futhi ungalokothi ube namahloni okucela usizo.

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Ukulimala , izingozi, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, usizo lokuqala, ukuhlinzwa, impilo, ukuphepha