Zicabange usesifundweni sasekuseni esikoleni, noma ubhajwe esixukwini ebhasini. Kungazelelwe amehlo akho aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindlebe zakho zizwa sengathi umhlaba wonke uyavaleka, uyajuluka, umzimba wakho uyabanda bese uwela phansi. Uma uvuka ngemva kwesikhashana, wonke umuntu uyakubuka. Wake waba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho? Noma wake wambona othile ekwenza? Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo esivamile abantu abaningi ababhekana naso, okuwukuquleka nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ngokwezokwelapha okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-syncope'.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-syncope?
Ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukwehla okungazelelwe, okwesikhashana kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni bethu . Njengoba nje izibani endlini yethu 'ziphela' ngokuzumayo, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kwehla kancane, silahlekelwa ukwazi isikhashana.
Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuthatha imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngemva kokuthola ingqondo ephilile, ungase uzizwe udidekile futhi ukhathele. Kodwa uzobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile phakathi namahora ambalwa.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuhlukile esimweni esifana nokuquleka. Ukuquleka ngokuvamile akuyona into embi kangako. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esiyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Yiziphi izimpawu umzimba wakho okunikeza zona ngaphambi kokuba uphelelwe amandla?
Esikhathini esiningi, awulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo. Umzimba wakho ukunikeza izimpawu eziningana zokuxwayisa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ungaqaphela ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Indlela ongase uzizwe ngayo |
|---|---|
| Ubumpumputhe /Isiyezi | Ngizizwa nginesizungu futhi nginenkinga yokuma. |
| Izinguquko Zombono | Ubona amachashazi amnyama phambi kwamehlo akho, noma unendawo emnyama ezungeze amehlo akho ekwenza ubukeke sengathi ubheka ngepayipi (Umbono Womhubhe). |
| Isicanucanu Nokujuluka | Ngizizwa sengathi ngizohlanza, umzimba wami uzizwa ubanda futhi ngijuluka ngokuzumayo. |
| Ubuthakathaka | Umzimba wami uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ukuphila kwawo, amalungu ami ayaba buthakathaka. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Abanye abantu baphathwa yikhanda ngaphambi kokuba baquleke. |
Kungani sizizwa sididekile? Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko?
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuquleka. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.
1. I-Reflex Syncope: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolungenangozi kakhulu
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho isimiso sethu sezinzwa "sisabela ngokweqile" ezintweni ezithile. Kulokhu, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu kanye nomfutho wegazi kwehla ngokuzumayo.
Izinto ezingabangela lokhu:
- I-Vasovagal Syncope: Lena yiyo evame kakhulu.
- Ukwesaba okuvela lapho ubona igazi noma uthola umjovo.
- Ukushaqeka okukhulu okungazelelwe, ukudabuka, noma ukwesaba.
- Ukuma endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside (isib., ngesikhathi somhlangano wasekuseni, ngenkathi usemgqeni).
- Uma uhleka kakhulu, uma ukhwehlela.
- I-Situational Syncope: Izinto ezenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezithile.
- Uma ukhwehlela kakhulu, njengokungathi uphoqwa.
- Ukuzikhandla lapho uchama noma ukhipha indle.
- Uma uphakamisa umthwalo.
2. I-Orthostatic Syncope: Kwenzekani uma ushintsha indawo
Lokhu nakho kuvame kakhulu. Uyakhumbula ukuthi wavuka nini ngokuzumayo embhedeni isikhathi eside futhi amehlo akho aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wazizwa unesiyezi? Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Uma sishintsha izikhundla, ikakhulukazi lapho sisukuma, umfutho wegazi wethu uyehla ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Postural Hypotension' ngokwezokwelapha.
Izinto ezingabangela lokhu:
- Ukuphuza amanzi kanye noketshezi oluncane (ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
- Eminye imithi yokucindezela kwegazi .
- Ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
- Lesi simo siba sivame kakhulu njengoba umuntu ekhula.
3. I-Cardiac Syncope: Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lokuquleka okubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo
Lolu uhlobo okudingeka silunake kakhulu, uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu.Ukuquleka lapha kubangelwa inkinga enkulu yenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi. Lesi simo senzeka lapho kunenkinga ngenhliziyo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
Izinto ezingabangela lokhu:
- Ukungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) . Ukwanda noma ukwehla okungazelelwe kwesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo .
- Ihlule legazi elihamba liye emaphashini (i-Pulmonary Embolism) .
Uma uphelelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ngenkathi ugijima, uma uzwa ukuquleka okuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba, noma uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wokufa ngokuzumayo kwenhliziyo, lokhu kungaba ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uquleka, udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo eminingi ukuze athole ukuthi hlobo luni lokuquleka olunakho.
- Imininingwane yesigameko: Kwenzekeni ngaphambi kokuba uquleke? Ubukuphi? Ubuwenzani?
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Bazokubuza ngezinye izifo onazo kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
- Umlando womndeni: Buza ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini onesifo senhliziyo.
Ngemuva kwalokho uzohlolwa futhi, uma kudingeka, ucelwe ukuthi wenze izivivinyo eziningana ezifana nalezi.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje, ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga ngokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
| I-Echocardiogram | Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kubheka isakhiwo senhliziyo, ama-valve ayo, kanye nendlela ephampa ngayo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwethebula Elithambekile | Umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuzolinganiswa njengoba ulele embhedeni okhethekile futhi umbhede uphendulwa kancane kancane uqonde. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola isiyezi lapho ushintsha izikhundla. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Bahlola ukuthi abanayo yini i-anemia noma izinguquko emazingeni kasawoti noshukela emzimbeni. |
Yini okufanele siyenze uma othile equleka futhi ewa?
Uma umuntu equleka awe phambi kwakho, ungesabi futhi wenze lezi zinto.
1. Hlola ukuthi umuntu uyaphefumula yini: Okokuqala hlola ukuthi umuntu uyaphefumula yini. Uma kungenjalo, shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha.
2. Mbeke phansi umuntu: Mbeke phansi ngokucophelela umuntu.
3. Phakamisa imilenze: Beka umcamelo noma isikhwama emilenzeni yomuntu bese uyiphakamisa kancane ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakhe. Lokhu kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni.
4. Khulula izingubo eziqinile: Uma unezingubo eziqinile njengekhola noma ibhande, zikhulule.
5. Ngemva kokuthola ingqondo: Ungavuki ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola ingqondo. Vumela umuntu ahlale noma alale phansi okungenani imizuzu eyi-10-15. Bese umnikeza amanzi ukuze aphuze.
Okubaluleke Kakhulu: Ungalokothi uzame ukufaka amanzi noma yini enye emlonyeni womuntu oqulekile. Kungangena emgudwini womoya futhi kwenze isimo sibe yingozi nakakhulu.
Ingabe ukuquleka kungavinjelwa?
Yebo, isikhathi esiningi kungenzeka. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yesiyezi sakho.
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila:
- Phuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi.
- Yidla ukudla ngesikhathi ngaphandle kokweqa ukudla.
- Gwema ukuma endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Uma kufanele ume, qhubeka ushukumisa imilenze yakho futhi unyakazise izinzwane zakho.
- Uma uvuka embhedeni noma esihlalweni, ungavuki ngokuzumayo, kodwa kancane kancane.
- Engeza usawoti omncane ekudleni kwakho kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuthi wenze kanjalo.
- Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka:
- Hlala phansi noma ulale phansi ngokushesha. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuzosusa ingozi yokuwa nokulimala ikhanda lakho.
- Phambanisa imilenze yakho bese uyiqinisa (ukuphambanisa imilenze).
- Ukuhlanganisa izandla zakho ndawonye (ukubamba ngesandla) kungakhuphula kancane umfutho wegazi lakho.
- Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha:
- Uma imbangela kuyisifo senhliziyo, khona-ke imithi nomaKungadingeka ukuthi kufakwe idivayisi efana ne-pacemaker.
- Ngezinye izikhathi imithi inikezwa ukulawula umfutho wegazi.
Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanelekela kangcono isimo sakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-syncope ukwehla kwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Esikhathini esiningi, akuyona into embi kakhulu.
- Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu, njengesimo senhliziyo esingaphansi. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe uquleka kanye, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole imbangela.
- Uma uzizwa uphelelwa amandla (uzizwa unesizungu, unekhanda elibuhlungu) , hlala phansi noma ulale phansi ngokushesha. Lokhu kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukuwa.
- Uma umuntu equleka bese ewa, mlalise phansi imilenze yakhe iphakanyisiwe kancane. Ungamniki lutho ngomlomo ngesikhathi engazi lutho.
- Uma ukuquleka kuhambisana nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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