Ingabe umlenze wakho uvuvukele ngokuzumayo futhi ubuhlungu? Kungaba yi-DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

Ingabe omunye wemilenze yakho uvuvukele ngokuzumayo futhi ushisa uma uwuthinta? Ingabe uzwa ubuhlungu uma uhamba noma uma? Mhlawumbe isikhumba somlenze wakho sibomvu? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kumane nje kuwukukhubeka noma ukukhubeka kweqakala. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu futhi edinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngehlule legazi emthanjeni ojulile, noma lokho okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) .

Kalula nje, iyini i-DVT?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Enye yimithambo engaphezulu ebonakalayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Enye yimithambo emikhulu egeleza ijule emzimbeni. I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) yilapho kwakheka ihlule legazi (i-thrombus) kule mithambo ejulile. Cabanga ngakho njengodaka olubhajwe epayipini lamanzi, luvimbe ukugeleza kwamanzi. Leli hlule legazi lingavimba ngokuphelele noma kancane ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu emithanjeni yemilenze (ikakhulukazi emathangeni noma ezinqeni), kanye nasesinqeni. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi kube namahlule egazi emithanjeni yezingalo, ubuchopho, amathumbu, isibindi , noma izinso.

Kungani i-DVT ingaba yingozi?

Uma isimo se-DVT sihlala sinjalo, asisongeli impilo. Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu iwukuthi uma ihlule legazi elakhiwe ngaphakathi kwalo mthambo liphuma lapho bese liqala ukuhamba egazini. Cabanga nje, kwenzekani uma ihlule legazi eliqhekeka (esilibiza ngokuthi 'i-emboli') liya ngqo emthanjeni wegazi emaphashini bese libhajwa? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela impilo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi sifo ngokushesha nje lapho usola ukuthi une-DVT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-DVT bangase babe nezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Post-Thrombotic Syndrome .Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi lilimaza ama-valve athambile ngaphakathi kwemithambo, okubangela ukuba igazi lihlangane emilenzeni esikhundleni sokumpompa kahle. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukushintsha kombala (ukuba nsundu) kwesikhumba, kanye namanxeba okunzima ukuwaphola (izilonda ze-venous stasis) izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-DVT? Ziyini izimpawu?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-DVT ozoba nezimpawu. Cishe abantu abangu-30% bangaba ne-DVT ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kangangokuthi abaziboni ngisho nokuzibona. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezivamile. Uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka emlenzeni owodwa kuphela, kufanele ukhathazeke.

Qaphela izimpawu ze-Pulmonary Embolism (PE)!

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi bane-DVT kuphela ngemva kokuba ihlule legazi liqhume futhi lihlala emaphashini abo. Ngakho-ke qaphela izimpawu ezilandelayo.

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Isiyezi (i-vertigo)
• Ukuphonsa isipelingi

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-DVT?

Noma ubani angathola i-DVT. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini.

• Ukuhlala uthule isikhathi eside: Cabanga ukuthi ugibela ibhasi usuka eColombo uya eJaffna, eSri Lanka, noma ugibela indiza amahora amaningi ukuze ufike emaphandleni. Phakathi nohambo olude kangaka, ukugcina imilenze yakho isesimweni esifanayo kunganciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Kunjalo nangemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, noma uma kufanele uhlale embhedeni izinsuku eziningi ngenxa yokugula.
• Ukuhlinzwa noma izingozi: Uma imithambo yonakele ngenxa yokuhlinzwa noma ingozi, ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi iyanda.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Ingozi iyanda kancane kancane njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ukukhulelwa kanye nangemuva kokubeletha: Ingozi ye-DVT iphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye namasonto angaba ngu-6 ngemva kokubeletha.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile/Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile basengozini enkulu.
• Ukubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokujiya kwegazi.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nomdlavuza: Ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa komdlavuza nomdlavuza (isib. i-chemotherapy) zandisa ingozi ye-DVT.
• Amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo noma ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone aqukethe i-hormone i-estrogen kungandisa kancane ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) eke waba ne-DVT, nawe usengozini.
• Izimbangela zofuzo: Abanye abantu bangazalwa benezimo ezibangela ukuba igazi labo lijiye kalula.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo ezihlasela umzimba njenge-lupus, isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, imithambo ye-varicose (imithambo ye-varicose emilenzeni), kanye nokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 nakho kungandisa ingozi ye-DVT.

Dokotela, ungayixilonga kanjani ngokunembile i-DVT?

Uma unezimpawu ze-DVT, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuhlole, akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezici eziyingozi, bese eyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

• I-Duplex Venous Ultrasound: Lesi isivivinyo esiyinhloko nesisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-DVT. Sifana nokuskena kwengane. Asibuhlungu. Singabona ngokucacile ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amahlule egazi.
• I-Venography: Lokhu akusasetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka uketshezi olukhethekile (udayi) emthanjeni bese uthatha i-X-ray.
• I-MRI noma i-CT scan: Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi igazi liqhekekile emithanjeni ejulile, njengesisu noma ubuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile: Uma une-DVT ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, noma uma unomlando womndeni, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile ukuze ahlole izimo zofuzo ezithinta ukujiya kwegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-DVT?

Kunemigomo embalwa eyinhloko yokwelapha i-DVT.

• Ukuvimba ukuqhekeka kwegazi ukuthi kukhule.
• Ukuvimbela ukuthi ihlule legazi lingaphuki liye emaphashini.
• Ukuvimba ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi amasha.
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside (i-Post-Thrombotic Syndrome).

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko zokufeza le migomo.

1. Izinto zokunciphisa igazi (Ama-anticoagulant)

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `Ama-Anticoagulant` ngesiNgisi. Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa ikhono legazi lokujiya. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi le mithi "ayincibilikisi" i-blood clot eseyakhiwe kakade. Kunalokho, iyayivimba ukuthi ingabi nama-clot amakhulu futhi amasha angakhiwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinqubo zemvelo zomzimba zingancibilikisa kancane kancane i-blood clot. Imithi efana ne-`Warfarin`` kanye ne-`Heparin`` isetshenziselwa lokhu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi ofanele wena nokuthi udinga ukuwuthatha isikhathi esingakanani. Ngokuvamile, kuzodingeka uthathe lo muthi izinyanga ezi-3-6, noma kwabanye abantu, impilo yakho yonke.

2. Amasokisi Okucindezela

Lezi azifani namasokisi avamile. Lawa amasokisi aklanywe ngokukhethekile afanelana kahle namaqakala. Enziwe ukuba aqine kakhulu emaqakaleni futhi kancane kancane angabi mancane kakhulu emadolweni. Lokhu kusiza igazi ukuthi ligeleze emilenzeni ngaphandle kokuma. Ukuwagqoka usuku lonke kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emilenzeni cishe ngo-50%.

3. Isihlungi se-IVC

Lokhu akuwona wonke umuntu okwelaphayo. Kunconywa kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, noma abakha amahlule egazi ngenkathi bewathatha. Lapha, kufakwa idivayisi encane efana ne-mesh ('isihlungi') emthanjeni oyinhloko womzimba, i-'Vena Cava'. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubamba ihlule legazi eliphuke emlenzeni ngaphambi kokuba likwazi ukuya emaphashini.

Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukuthi i-DVT ingaphinde ivele?

Uma usunayo i-DVT, kubalulekile ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke. Futhi, uma usengozini yokuthola i-DVT, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuyivimbela ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke.

Uma usuvele une-DVT:

• Thatha umuthi onikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungaphuthelwa ngisho nosuku olulodwa.
• Yiya emitholampilo nasekuhlolweni kwegazi ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
• Yamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema).

Uma usengozini yokuthola i-DVT, ukuze uyivimbele:

• Ohambweni olude: Vuka uhambehamba okungenani kanye ngehora. Ngesikhathi uhleli, yenza izivivinyo ezincane njengokujikeleza amaqakala akho nokuhambisa izinzwane zakho phezulu naphansi.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Vuka embhedeni uqale ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Yenza njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshela.
• Phuza amanzi anele njalo.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola iseluleko ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

I-DVT, i-Deep Vein Thrombosis, Amahlule Egazi, Amahlule Egazi Emithanjeni, Ukuvuvukala Kwemilenze, i-Pulmonary Embolism, Ama-Blood Thinners, Ama-Anticoagulant, Imithi Yokunciphisa Igazi, Ubuhlungu Bemilenze