Cabanga ngokuzumayo uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma umlomo udonswa eceleni futhi ungakwazi ukukhuluma. Ingakanani imizuzwana ngayinye ngesikhathi esinjengalesi? Imbangela yalokhu kungaba ukugoba kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi othwala igazi liye ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni. Namuhla sikhuluma ngokwelashwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqothula amahlule," okuncibilikisa amahlule egazi asongela ukuphila.
Iyini le ndlela yokwelapha enciphisa igazi?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enamandla "ephula" noma encibilikisa futhi isuse amahlule egazi angaba yingozi empilweni. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Fibrinolytic therapy noma i-Thrombolytic therapy . Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukuncibilikisa ngqo amahlule egazi angaholela ezimweni eziyingozi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, ukuvula kabusha imithambo yegazi evinjiwe, nokubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lokhu kwelashwa kudingeka khona?
Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izimo eziphuthumayo nezibucayi. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezilandelayo:
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo senhliziyo | Ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi (i-coronary artery) ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni nge-clot yegazi. |
| Isifo sohlangothi | Umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni uvalwe yi-blood clot. |
| I-Pulmonary Embolism | Umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi emaphashini uvalwe yi-blood clot. |
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ihlule legazi, ngokuvamile emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni. |
| Amanye amacala | Ukuvaleka kweminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni, ukuvaleka kwamapayipi asetshenziselwa i-dialysis, noma ukuvaleka kwendlela yokungena ebekwe ngokuhlinzwa. |
Kungani isikhathi sibaluleke kangaka?
Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu enesifo sohlangothi. Ukuthatha lo muthi zingakapheli amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-4.5 kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho unomphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala lokhu kwelashwa zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30 kusukela isiguli silethwe eyunithi yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU). Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
Ingabe wonke umuntu uyafaneleka kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa?
Cha. Ngenxa yokuthi lo muthi unamandla kakhulu, awukwazi ukunikezwa abantu abanezici ezithile eziyingozi. Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze linqume ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini lokhu kwelashwa.
Amacala angase angafaneleki kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa
Lokhu kwelashwa akuvamile ukunikezwa umuntu onezimo ezilandelayo:
| Isizathu esingaba khona sokungafaneleki ukwelashwa |
|---|
| Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-75 ubudala |
| Uma wake waba nokopha ebuchosheni ngaphambilini |
| Uma okwamanje uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi |
| Uma uke waba nesifo sohlangothi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule |
| Uma unesifo sokopha noma kuphi emzimbeni noma usanda kuhlinzwa/waba nengozi enkulu |
| Uma utholakale unesifo somdlavuza ebuchosheni |
| Uma ukhulelwe |
| Uma une-high blood pressure engalawuleki |
| Ukuba nenani eliphansi kakhulu lamaplatelet |
Lolu hlu aluphelele. Kungase kube nezinye izici ezithinta isimo sakho. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo sokugcina kufanele senziwe udokotela wakho.
Indlela yokwelapha eyenziwa ngayo
Ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo, uzolaliswa ngqo egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) . Ithimba lezokwelapha lizoqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi njalo. Umuthi uzonikezwa ngomugqa we-IV engalweni yakho noma ngepayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) eliqondiswa endaweni lapho kuqhekeke khona ihlule. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kuzosetshenziswa izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ihlule liyancibilika yini.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kwalokhu kwelashwa, kungasetshenziswa enye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Mechanical Thrombectomy . Lokhu kuhilela ukuphula ihlule legazi ngokoqobo kusetshenziswa i-catheter bese kukhishwa ngomchamo .
Ngemva kokwelashwa
Ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuphumelele, odokotela bahlola ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini izingxenye ze-clot ezisele. Kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwe-stent, i-balloon angioplasty, noma ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kungadingeka. Ama-anticoagulant, njenge -Warfarin noma i-Heparin , avame ukunikezwa ukuvimbela ama-clot esikhathini esizayo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zokwelashwa?
Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kungancibilikisa ihlule legazi futhi kubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Lokhu kungavimbela umonakalo osongela ukuphila futhi kunciphise umonakalo ongaba khona wesikhathi eside.
Ingozi enkulu ukopha . Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukopha okuvela endaweni yokufaka i-cannula
- Ukopha ekhaleni
- Igazi emchameni
- Igazi esitulweni
- Ukopha ngokweqile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kwabesifazane
- Ingozi engavamile kakhulu kodwa engathi sína kakhulu ukopha ebuchosheni .
Kodwa khumbula, kubantu abaningi, izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa zidlula kakhulu izingozi. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe.
Ukwelashwa akuphumelelanga ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-25%, ihlule legazi lingase lingancibiliki ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kudingeke kusetshenziswe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela okungenani usuku olulodwa ngemuva kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sakho sibucayi, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokopha ngokweqile, ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, noma umkhuhlane ngemva kokwelashwa, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma wazise isibhedlela lapho uthole khona ukwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa nge-fibrinolytic kuyindlela yokwelapha ephuthumayo enikezwa ukuncibilikisa amahlule egazi asongela ukuphila, njengalawo abangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
- Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kwelashwa. Uma kuvela izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu kungasindisa impilo.
- Lokhu kwelashwa akufanele wonke umuntu. Odokotela bazonquma ukuthi kufanelekile noma cha ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
- Nakuba ingozi enkulu iwukuphuma kwegazi, izinzuzo zokwelashwa zivame ukwedlula izingozi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa nokubona udokotela ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga.
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