Kuyini i-Thymectomy? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Wake wezwa nge-'Thymus Gland'? Mhlawumbe akunjalo. Iyindlala encane esifubeni sethu, ikakhulukazi phambi kwenhliziyo. Empeleni ibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba lapho sisebancane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lendlala encane ingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Yilapho odokotela batusa khona ukuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi 'Thymectomy'. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu, okungukuthi, ukuhlinzwa kokususa indlala ye-thymus, ngamazwi alula.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-thymectomy?

I-Thymectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa i-thymus gland yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izimila okungenzeka ukuthi zakheke nxazonke. Akuyona indlela evamile yokuhlinzwa. Ucwaningo e-United States luthole ukuthi cishe ukuhlinzwa okungu-7,000 kwenziwa esikhathini seminyaka eyi-13. Lokho cishe ukuhlinzwa okungu-1,000 ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke ungacabanga ukuthi lokhu ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile ngandlela thile.

Yiziphi izimo ezenziwayo nge-thymectomy?

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi njengokwelashwa kwezinkinga eziningana ezihlobene ne-thymus gland. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-thymectomy, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele futhi akuhlole ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo: Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-3D zangaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ngokunembile usayizi nendawo ye-thymus gland.
• I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - I-MRI): Lena enye indlela ethatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zezicubu ezingaphakathi komzimba.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET): Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe umsebenzi wamaseli emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona amaseli omdlavuza.

Ukuze uvimbele ubunzima bokuphefumula ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma une-myasthenia gravis, unganikezwa i-immunoglobulin efakwa emthanjeni noma ukwelashwa ngokushintshana kwe-plasma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ake sifunde ngendlela ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngayo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Thymectomy kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Enye indlela yendabuko, ehilela ukuvula isifuba, kanti enye indlela, ehilela ukusebenzisa ikhamera kanye ne-robotics ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.

1. Indlela yokudlula

Lokhu kufana nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile.

• Isinyathelo 1: Isifuba sivulwa ngokusika lonke noma ingxenye yethambo eliphakathi kwesifuba (sternum). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-sternotomy ngokwezokwelapha.
• Isinyathelo sesi-2: I-thymus gland nazo zonke izicubu ezithintekile ezizungezile zisuswa endaweni evulekile.
• Isinyathelo 3: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufakwa ipayipi elilodwa noma amabili esifubeni ukuze kukhishwe noma yiluphi uketshezi kanye negazi okungenzeka ukuthi liqongelele ngaphakathi.
• Isinyathelo 4: Ekugcineni, ithambo lesifuba liphinde lixhunywe kusetshenziswa izintambo bese isikhumba sithungwa.

2. I-Robotic-assisted noma i-VATS (indlela encane yokusika)

Lena inqubo engeyiningi kakhulu. I-VATS imele ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba okusizwa yividiyo.

• Isinyathelo 1: Kwenziwa izimbobo ezincane ezingaba zintathu ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba. Kufakwa ikhamera ngesinye sazo.
• Isinyathelo 2: Kusetshenziswa ingalo yerobhothi noma amathuluzi amade, futhi kuqondiswa izithombe zekhamera, i-thymus gland (nanoma yisiphi isimila, uma sikhona) ihlukaniswa ngokucophelela nezicubu ezizungezile.
• Isinyathelo 3: Uma kudingeka, kwenziwa ukusika okufanayo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesifuba ukuze kuqedwe ukususwa okuphelele kwendlala.
• Isinyathelo 4: Zonke izicubu ezisusiwe zifakwa esikhwameni esikhethekile ngaphakathi esifubeni bese zikhishwa ngembobo encane eyenziwe.
• Isinyathelo 5: Kufakwa ipayipi elilodwa noma amabili ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi.
• Isinyathelo 6: Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzonikezwa imithi yokuvimba imizwa odongeni lwesifuba.
• Isinyathelo 7: Ekugcineni, izinsimbi ziyasuswa bese kuthintwa izimbobo ezincane.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kungathatha amahora amabili kuya kwamane, kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani kanye nendlela esetshenzisiwe.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzogcinwa egumbini lokululama uze ubuye uqonde. Ipayipi lokuphefumula elalibekwe egumbini lokuhlinza lizokhishwa. Ekuqaleni, uzodinga umoya-mpilo, uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni, kanye nemithi yobuhlungu. Ngokuvamile uzodluliselwa egunjini elivamile ngosuku olufanayo nokuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye namazinga empumelelo alokhu kuhlinzwa?

Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlinzwa mihle impela, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-myasthenia gravis kanye nalabo okumele bahlinzwe ngokusikwa okuncane.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-thymoma kuvame ukuyelapha ngokuphelele le mdlavuza.

Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, i-thymectomy ingaba nezingozi nezinkinga ezithile, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo, inzwa, noma umthambo wegazi oseduze.
• Ukopha okukhulu.
• I-Pneumothorax: Ukuwa kwephaphu.
• I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• I-Hemothorax: Ukuqoqwa kwegazi phakathi kodonga lwesifuba namaphaphu.
• I-Chylothorax: Ukuqoqwa koketshezi phakathi kodonga lwesifuba namaphaphu.
• Akuvamile kakhulu, ukucindezeleka kokuhlinzwa kungabangela ukwanda kwezimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis ( i-myasthenic crisis ).

Ukululama kanye nalokho ongakulindela esikhathini esizayo

Isikhathi sokululama sincike ekutheni uhlinzwe ngokuvulekile noma uhlinzwe kancane. Iningi labantu kuzodingeka lihlale esibhedlela okungenani ubusuku obubodwa. Ubuhlungu obuvela ekuhlinzweni buvame ukuphela ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Kufanele uphuze imithi yobuhlungu udokotela wakho akunike yona.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho wezinzwa uzoqhubeka nokukuqapha. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, uzonquma ukuthi kufanele uthathe isikhathi esingakanani umuthi wakho we-myasthenia gravis nokuthi ungawunciphisa kanjani umthamo.

Ngomdlavuza we-thymoma, isimo sincike esigabeni somdlavuza.

• Isigaba I: Kunethuba elingaphezu kuka-95% lokululama ngokuphelele.
• Isigaba II: Kunethuba lokwelashwa elingu-75% kuya ku-80%. Kungadingeka ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Isigaba III: Kunethuba lokwelashwa elingu-25% kuya ku-40%. Kungadingeka kokubili imisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy.

Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha .

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Imfiva.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukopha okuvela enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuphindaphinda kwezimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis.

Kuvamile ukuthi noma ubani azizwe esaba kancane uma ezwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa khumbula, odokotela abahlinzayo benza lezi zinto ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umgomo wabo ukukunikeza umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokuhlinzwa kwakho noma inqubo. Kuzokwenza ingqondo yakho ikhululeke.