Cabanga uvuka ekuseni bese uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuhambisa ingalo yakho, noma umlenze wakho, noma mhlawumbe ukhubazekile. Noma, uNkulunkulu angakuvumeli, ulahlekelwa umuzwa engxenyeni yomzimba wakho ngemva kwengozi? Lesi yisimo lapho ungakwazi ukulawula imisipha yomzimba wakho ngendlela othanda ngayo, futhi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukukhubazeka. Kuyinto eyesabekayo, eshintsha impilo okufanele uyicabange. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lesi simo, hhayi thina kuphela kodwa nakwabathandekayo bethu.
Kuyini ngempela ukukhubazeka?
Kalula nje, ukukhubazeka ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha ngenxa yenkinga ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bufana nomphathi wenkampani. Imisipha yizisebenzi ezisebenza kuleyo nkampani. Lo mphathi unikeza abasebenzi imisebenzi, okungukuthi, unikeza imiyalelo, ngemizwa esebenza njengezintambo zocingo. Manje, uma kukhona umonakalo kulezi zintambo (izinzwa), abasebenzi abawutholi umyalezo onikezwa ngumphathi. Kunjalo-ke, lapho izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni zingafinyeleli emisipheni, asikwazi ukuyishukumisa leyo ngxenye yomzimba.
Ukukhubazeka kungathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ukukhubazeka Okuyingxenye Noma I-Paresis: Yilapho ungakwazi ukulawula eminye imisipha, kodwa hhayi eminye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unamandla athile engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho, kodwa kunzima ukuwalawula ngokuphelele.
- Ukukhubazeka Okuphelele: Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukulawula noma yimiphi imisipha engxenyeni yomzimba ethintekile. Ukhubazekile ngokuphelele.
Ingahlukaniswa futhi ibe yizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile kuye ngokuthi umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa wenzeka kuphi:
- Ukukhubazeka Okungalawuleki: Kulesi simo, imisipha iba buthakathaka futhi igobe, okubangela umuzwa wobuthakathaka.
- Ukukhubazeka Okungapheli: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha iba lukhuni futhi inyakaze njalo. Izitho zethu zomzimba ziyanyakaza futhi ziyanyakaza ngaphandle kokulawula kwethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-spasticity.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka kungaba okwesikhashana. Okusho ukuthi, kungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bell's palsy. Sibangela ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kwemisipha kolunye uhlangothi lobuso. Kodwa ukukhubazeka okuhlala njalo kuyisimo lapho imisipha ingasalawulwa khona.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka?
Ukukhubazeka kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngendawo yomzimba ethintekile. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngokucacile, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo Lokukhubazeka | Indawo yomzimba ethintekile |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka Kwendawo | Indawo encane kuphela ethintekayo, njengobuso, izandla, izinyawo, noma izintambo zezwi. |
| I-Diplegia | Kuthinta indawo efanayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba. Isibonelo, kungathinta zombili izingalo, imilenze yomibili, noma izinhlangothi zombili zobuso. |
| I-Hemiplegia | Kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingalo nomlenze ohlangothini olufanayo kukhubazekile. Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. |
| I-Monoplegia | Kuthinta ingalo eyodwa noma umlenze owodwa kuphela. |
| Ukukhubazeka kwe-Paraplegia | Imilenze yomibili iba ndikindiki. Ngezinye izikhathi isisu esingezansi singathinteka. |
| I-Quadriplegia / i-Tetraplegia | Kuthinta yonke into kusukela ezingalweni, emilenzeni, esiswini nasesifubeni. Kuyisimo esibi kakhulu esibangela ukukhubazeka okuphelele kusukela entanyeni kuye ezansi. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ngaphambi kokuba kuvele isifo sohlangothi?
Ukukhubazeka kungenzeka ngokuzumayo , njengasekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala okukhulu komgogodla. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingabangela ukukhubazeka kancane kancane.Ukukhubazeka nakho kungenzeka. Njengoba kuqhubeka, ungase uqale ubhekane nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Kancane kancane ulahlekelwa umuzwa futhi ube nobunzima bokulawula imisipha.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha njalo.
- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu ezithweni noma ukuzwa sengathi izitho zakho "ziyasha" uma umile nje ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ungazinaki . Lezi kungaba yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezivela ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko.
Kungani kwenzeka lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukulimala kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lokhu kulimala kungenzeka.
- Ukulimala Kwesifo Sohlangothi Nomgogodla: Lezi yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko nezivame kakhulu zokukhubazeka. Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni uvalekile noma uqhuma. Ukukhubazeka kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yomonakalo womgogodla, ongenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezingozi zezimoto noma ukuwa kusuka phezulu.
- Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa: Abanye abantwana bangazalwa benalezi zimo, isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-spina bifida.
- Izifo Ezizimele: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela, luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa. I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) kanye ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome yizifo ezimbili ezinkulu ezinjalo.
- Ukulimala Kobuchopho: Ukukhubazeka kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu noma i-cerebral palsy.
- Ezinye izifo zemizwa: Lesi simo singabangelwa nezifo ezenza kancane kancane isimiso sezinzwa sibe buthaka. I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) ingenye yezifo ezinjalo.
Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokukhubazeka?
Ukukhubazeka akugcini nje ngokulahlekelwa yilungu. Kungathinta ezinye izinqubo eziningi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi izitho zangaphakathi endaweni ethintekile.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, kanye nezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-pneumonia.
- Amahlule egazi emithanjeni, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya (dysphagia).
- Ukucindezeleka, okusho ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kanye nezinye izinkinga zobulili.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokweqile (i-autonomic dysreflexia) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-orthostatic hypotension) kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
- Ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo kanye nendle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
- Ukulimala okubangelwa ukuhlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengokulimala kwengcindezi noma izilonda zokulala, kungaholela ezifweni ezinkulu ezifana ne-sepsis.
Udokotela ukuhlonza kanjani ngokunembile lokhu njengokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala akuhlole bese ebuza nganoma yikuphi ukulimala oye waba nakho noma ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala kanjani. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukusiza ekutholeni imbangela eqondile:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Ukubona ukuthi amathambo aphukile yini nokuthi imizwa yonakele yini.
- I-CT scan noma i-MRI scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukubona izinto ezifana nokulimala kobuchopho noma komgogodla kanye nokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi ngokucacile.
- I-Myelogram: Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile emgogodleni nasezinzwa.
- I-Electromyogram (EMG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wezinzwa nemisipha. Kunganquma ukuthi imiyalezo yezinzwa idluliselwa kahle yini.
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla noma Ukubhoboza I-Lumbar: Isampula yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ngaphakathi komgogodla iyathathwa futhi ihlolwe izifo ezifana ne-MS.
Iphathwa futhi iphathwa kanjani?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha ukukhubazeka ukusiza isiguli ukuba siphile ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yaso. Nakuba kungekho "ikhambi" lokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo, ukuphathwa kahle kanye nokuvuselelwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangela yokukhubazeka nokuthi kukuthinta kanjani. Zihlanganisa kakhulu:
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Ukuzivocavoca kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa amandla emisipha kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kwethula amasu nemishini yokukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengokudla nokugqoka) ngokuzimela.
- Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo: Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokukhuluma noma zokugwinya.
- Izinto Zokusiza: Izinto ezifana nezihlalo zabakhubazekile, izinduku zokuhamba, izinto zokuhamba.
- Imishini Evumelana Nezimo: Imishini ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukusiza abantu badle ngokuzimela futhi bashayele izimoto.
- Amadivayisi Okufakelwa/Okufakelwa: Amadivayisi anjengezinsimbi zokusekela ezisekela izingxenye zomzimba.
- Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izwi:Ubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinto ezifana namakhompyutha, izibani, namafoni ngezwi lakho.
Zikhona yini izinto esingazenza ukuze sivimbele ukukhubazeka?
Nakuba kungezona zonke izimbangela ezingavinjelwa, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuvimbela ukulimala komgogodla, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokukhubazeka.
- Gqoka amabhande esihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto. Sebenzisa njalo izihlalo zemoto eziklanyelwe izingane ezincane.
- Ngaphambi kokugxumela emfuleni, olwandle, noma emfudlaneni , hlola ukujula kwamanzi . Ungagxumeli ezindaweni ongazi.
- Ungashayeli uphuzile noma uhambe nomshayeli ophuzile.
- Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela uma udlala imidlalo neminye imisebenzi. Isibonelo, gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili.
- Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile ulimele ekhanda, entanyeni, noma emhlane, ungalokothi uzame ukumshukumisa noma ukumphakamisa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ngisho nokulimala okuncane kube kubi kakhulu. Shayela u-1990 ngokushesha bese uthola i-ambulensi.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
Uma othile ezwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib., ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo eyodwa, ubunzima bokukhuluma), noma uma ecabanga ukuthi ulimale ekhanda, entanyeni, noma emhlane, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala. Noma, myise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona udokotela ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma.
- Ukungazweli noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezithweni zomzimba ngokuzumayo.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe.
- Ukungakwazi ngokuzumayo ukuhambisa ingxenye yomzimba.
Ukukhubazeka kuyinselele eshintsha impilo. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukuvuselelwa, amadivayisi okusiza, kanye nokusekelwa okuvela kwabathandekayo, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo esebenzayo neyokuzimela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni futhi unganqikazi ukuthola ukwesekwa okudingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukukhubazeka yisimo esibangelwa ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa (ubuchopho, umgogodla, noma imizwa) kunokuba kube yinkinga ngemisipha.
- Ukulimala komgogodla kanye nohlangothi yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka.
- Ukukhubazeka kungenzeka ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane ngenxa yesimo sempilo esingaphansi. Ungazinaki izimpawu eziyisisekelo, njengokungazweli kanye nobuthakathaka ezithweni zomzimba.
- Nakuba ukukhubazeka okungapheli kungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa, okuhlanganisa nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Izingozi eziningi ezibangela ukukhubazeka zingavinjelwa ngokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha (ukubopha amabhande esihlalo, ukugwema ukucwila ezindaweni ezingaziwa).
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