Ingabe ingane yakho inale mikhuba? Ake sixoxe ngokudlikiza kanye nezinkinga zokudlikiza!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ngezinye izikhathi iyacwayiza njalo? Noma inyakazisa amahlombe ayo? Mhlawumbe yenza umsindo opholile? Njengomama noma ubaba, kuvamile ukuthi uzizwe ukhathazekile futhi wesaba uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi. Lezi yizinto esizibiza ngokuthi ama-tic . Lezi akuzona izinto ozenzayo ngamabomu, zenzeka ngokuzumayo. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Ayini ama-Tics? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ama-tic ayindlela noma imisindo eyenzeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wakho ngokungazikhetheli nangokuphindaphindwayo. Azilawuleki. Kungaba izinto ezifana nokucwayiza amehlo akho, ukunikina amahlombe akho, noma ukwenza umsindo othi "hum" emphinjeni wakho. Angavela noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho - ebusweni bakho, emahlombe, ezingalweni, emilenzeni. Ngezinye izikhathi la ma-tic angashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngokuvamile, i-tic ilandelwa ukungakhululeki okuthile emzimbeni, noma umuzwa wokuphuthuma. Abanye abantu bangayibamba i-tic isikhashana, kodwa ayikhululeki neze. Ukungakhululeki kuyanyamalala ngemva kokuba i-tic isiphelile.

Lokhu kudlikiza kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-10. Ngokuvamile akukubi kangako futhi kungancipha noma kume ngokuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kudlikiza kungaba uphawu lwesifo sokudlikiza esibi kakhulu esidinga ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokudlikiza ezikhona?

Sihlukanisa ama-tic ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-motor tics, ahilela ukunyakaza komzimba, kanye nama-Vocal tics, ahilela izwi. Zombili lezi zihlukaniswe zibe "ezilula" kanye "neziyinkimbinkimbi."

Ukushukuma komzimba kuvame ukuza kuqala, kulandelwe ukushukuma ngamazwi. Futhi, ukushukuma okulula kubonakala ngaphambi kokushukuma okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ama-Simple Motor Tics

Lokhu ukunyakaza okufushane kakhulu, okungazelelwe okubandakanya iqembu elilodwa noma ambalwa emisipha.

• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo njengokucwayiza njalo nokugingqa amehlo
• Ukwenza ubuso obumuncu, ukuzenza isiwula
• Ukugona ehlombe
• Ukuthuthumela ikhanda noma ihlombe

Ama-Vocal Tics Alula

Lezi futhi ziyimisindo emifushane, engazelelwe.

• Ukuhlanza umphimbo njalo
• Ukwenza umsindo njengokuklwebha impumulo
• Ukwenza umsindo ofana nokukhonkotha kwenja
• Ukwenza imisindo emifushane efana nokuthi "hum", "ah"

Ama-Motor Tics Ayinkimbinkimbi

Lezi ziyizindlela zokunyakaza ezihlelekile, ezixhumene. Zihlanganisa amaqembu amaningana emisipha ahlukene emzimbeni asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.

• Ukunyakaza okuhlobene, njengokubamba ihlombe nokujika ikhanda ngenkathi wenza ubuso.
• Ukuthinta nokuhlola into ethile, ukuyithinta (isib., ukuthinta ekhoneni letafula, ukuthinta incwadi).
• Ukugxumagxuma, ukugxumagxuma phezulu.
• Ukugoba, ukusonta.

Ama-Vocal Tics Ayinkimbinkimbi

Lezi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunemisindo nje, futhi zingaba amagama noma imishwana.

• Ukuphinda amagama noma imishwana abayishilo.
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama noma imisho abanye abayishoyo njengoba nje ishiwo (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i- Echolalia ).
• Ukusebenzisa ulimi olungafanele, olungcolile, noma olungcolile (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -Coprolalia ). Lokhu akuyona into eyenziwa yingane ngamabomu, kodwa into eyenzeka ngokungalawuleki.

Ngakho-ke, ziyini izifo zokudlikiza?

Izinkinga ze-Tic ziyiqembu lezimo ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. Yizo ezibangela umuntu ukuba abe nokudlikiza. Lokhu kudlikiza kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene nakho kungahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu . Esikhathini esiningi, ukudlikiza kuncane futhi akudingi ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile kuyaphela njengoba izingane zikhula. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukulawula ukudlikiza nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihambisana nakho.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zokudlikiza?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkinga ze-tic. Lezi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-tic olukhona (ukunyakaza, ukukhuluma, noma kokubili) kanye nokuthi izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani.

1. Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Esiqhubekayo / Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Esifushane:

• Laba bantu bebelokhu benokunyakaza kwemisipha noma ukushukuma kwamazwi (okukodwa noma kokubili) isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka .
• Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sokudlikiza. Cishe izingane eziyi-10% eziseminyakeni yazo yokuqala yesikole zingase zibe nalesi simo.
• Ngokusho kwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , umhlahlandlela osetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga izifo zengqondo, lokhu kuxilonga kunikezwa uma:
• Kumelwe kube khona ukushukuma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, noma ukushukuma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwamazwi.
• Amakhizane awakwazi ukuba khona isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
• Kumelwe ukuba i-Tics yaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18.
• Lezi zimpawu azikwazi ukubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib., ukutheleleka kobuchopho) noma imithi noma izidakamizwa ezithathwayo.
• Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uthole okunye ukuxilongwa kwe-tic.

2. Isifo Sokugula Esiqhubekayo/Esingamahlalakhona:

• Laba bantu bebelokhu benokunyakaza kwemisipha noma ukushukuma kwamazwi (hhayi kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela) isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka .
• Lesi simo sibonakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwe-1% zesikole.
• Ngokusho kwe- (DSM-5) , kulokhu kuxilongwa:
• Kumelwe kube khona ukushukuma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, noma ukushukuma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ngamazwi (hhayi kokubili).
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha kumele kwenzeke izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, cishe nsuku zonke, noma ngezikhathi ezithile, isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12.
• Kumelwe ukuba i-Tics yaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18.
• Lezi zimpawu azikwazi ukubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha noma imithi noma izidakamizwa ezithathwayo.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuthi utholakale une-Tourette Syndrome.

3. I-Tourette Syndrome:

• Laba bantu bebene-motortics kanye ne-verbal tics (zombili izinhlobo) isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.Nakhu.
• Lolu hlobo lwesifo esibi kakhulu esithwalwa yizimpukane lubhekwa njengohlobo olubi kakhulu .
• Ngokusho kwe- (DSM-5) , kulokhu kuxilongwa:
• Kumelwe kube khona ukunyakaza komzimba okubili noma ngaphezulu kanye nokunyakaza okukodwa komlomo okungenani (lokhu akudingeki kube khona ngesikhathi esisodwa).
• Ama-Tics kumele abe khona okungenani unyaka wonke. Lokhu kungenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngosuku (ngokuvamile ngezikhathi ezincane, eziqhubekayo), cishe nsuku zonke, noma ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Kumelwe ukuba i-Tics yaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18.
• Lezi zimpawu azikwazi ukubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha noma imithi noma izidakamizwa ezithathwayo.

Zivame kangakanani izifo zokudlikiza?

Izinkinga ze-tic empeleni zivame kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ingane eyodwa kwezingu-50 ingaba ne-Tourette Syndrome noma enye inkinga ye-tic .

Uzizwa kanjani uma uthola i-tic?

Ngaphambi kokuba kube nokuthuthumela, ungase uzizwe unesifiso esinamandla sokwenza lokho. Njengokufisa ukuklwebha indawo elumayo, noma umuzwa wokuthuthumela kwesisu. Uhlobo lokucindezeleka luyakheka engxenyeni yomzimba lapho ukuthuthumela kuzokwenzeka khona, futhi lapho ukuthuthumela kwenzeka, lokho kucindezeleka kuyaphela okwesikhashana bese uzizwa ukhululekile.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukulawula i-tic imizuzwana embalwa kuya kwemizuzu embalwa, kodwa kudinga umzamo omkhulu. Ekugcineni, isifiso asibe sisabekezeleleka.

Kunzima kakhulu ukulawula i-tic uma kunokucindezeleka okukhulu . Izinto ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathala zingandisa i-tic. Ngokumangazayo, ngezinye izikhathi i-tic iyanda lapho umzimba uphumule noma uma uwedwa. Uma othile ekhuluma nge-tic noma ekukhomba, i-tic nayo inganda. Kodwa-ke, i-tic ivame ukwenzeka lapho ulele . Futhi, i-tic ingase inciphe uma ugxile kokuthile (isib. umsebenzi wesikole, omunye umsebenzi).

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zokudlubulunda eziyingozi nezingathi sína?

Yebo, okunye ukudlikiza kungaba yingozi. Isibonelo, okunye ukudlikiza kwemisipha kungabangela ukuthi uzishaye ebusweni noma kubangele ubuhlungu entanyeni ngokunyakazisa intamo yakho ngokuphindaphindiwe.

I-Coprolalia , esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili, iwukukhuluma okuzenzakalelayo kwamagama nemisho engafanele, futhi ingaba yinkinga enkulu. Lokhu kungenza ingane ibonakale sengathi ihlupha abanye ngamabomu noma iziphethe kabi. Kodwa empeleni kuyisifiso esingalawuleki. Izingane ezine-coprolalia zingase zijeziswe ngokungadingekile esikoleni nasekhaya, futhi zingase zixhashazwe ezinye izingane . I-Coprolalia ingathinta phakathi kuka-10% no-15% wezingane ezine-Tourette syndrome.

Yini ebangela ukudlikizela?

Abacwaningi abakakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile yokudlikiza.Yebo. Kodwa abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza. Futhi, njengoba ukushukuma kungadluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye (imindeni yezinto eziphilayo), kucatshangwa ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo .

Ezinye izimo ezingabonakala kanye nezifo ezithwalwa yizikhaza zifaka:

• Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukunaka/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD)
• Isifo Sokukhathazeka
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD)

Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abanezinye izimo zempilo, njengesifo sikaHuntington noma i-encephalitis (ukutheleleka kobuchopho), bangaba nokunyakaza okufana nokushukuma noma okufana nokushukuma. Ukushukuma kungavela futhi ngemva kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, njenge -cocaine noma ama-amphetamine . Kodwa-ke, ukushukuma okubangelwa yilezi ezinye izimo noma izidakamizwa akubhekwe njengezinkinga zokushukuma.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lesi simo?

Ama-tic avame kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni . Izingane zingaba nama-tic zisencane njengeminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 nengu-10. Futhi, abafana banamathuba amaningi okuthola ama-tic kunamantombazane.

Izifo ze-tic zitholakala kanjani?

Umhlinzeki wezempilo wengane yakho uzohlola ingane yakho futhi alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zayo. Uma kungenzeka, thatha ividiyo eyodwa noma ezimbili zengane yakho inesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga . Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi abone kahle ukuthi ingane yakho ibhekene nani.

Kuye ngohlobo lwe-tics kanye nokuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona, udokotela anganquma ukuthi ingane inesifo se-tic. Udokotela angase afune nokuhlola ezinye izimo ezingahambisana ne-tics, njenge -ADHD noma i-OCD .

Izinkinga zokudlikiza ziphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobukhali besimo sengane. Uma isimo sengane sincane, kungase kungadingeki ukwelashwa . Ama-Tics nawo angase aphele ngokwawo. Amathiphu alula okuzisiza, njengokugwema ukucindezeleka nokukhathala, angaba usizo ezinganeni eziningi.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukudlikizela kwengane yakho kukhulu futhi kuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke , udokotela angase ancome ukwelashwa kokuziphatha , imithi , noma kokubili.

Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha

Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuguqula UmkhubaNgokwelashwa kokuziphatha, ingane ifundiswa ukulawula izimpawu zayo futhi ifunde impendulo ephikisanayo yokufaka esikhundleni se-tic. Isibonelo, uma i-tic yengane ithinta amahlombe, umelaphi angase azijwayeze ukubamba izingalo zengane zeluliwe kuze kube yilapho isifiso sokuthinta ihlombe sehlile.

Olunye ukwelashwa yi- Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) . Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza izingane ezindala ukuthi zilawule ukudlidliza kwazo. Kuhilela ukuqeqeshwa kokuguqula imikhuba yazo, imfundo yokudlidliza, kanye namasu okuphumula.

Ngenkathi enikeza ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, udokotela wezifo zengqondo wengane angakweluleka nangendlela yokusekela ingane njengomndeni futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ingane ithola ukwesekwa kwezemfundo ekudingayo.

Imithi

Uma ukudikiza kuqhubeka futhi kuphazamisa impilo yengane, imithi yokudikiza ingasiza.

Ngezinkinga ezincane zokudlikiza: Imithi efana ne -clonidine ne -guanfacine ingasiza. Le mithi isetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha i-ADHD nokukhathazeka, njengoba lezi zimo zingahambisana nezinkinga zokudlikiza.

Ngezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu: Imithi ye-neuroleptic , njenge- aripiprazole ne -olanzapine, ingase isebenze kahle. Le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha imiphumela yama -neurotransmitters alawula ukunyakaza komzimba.

Ukudlikizela kungahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ama-tic ngokuvamile ayaphola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi angaze ayeke ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-tic angase ahlale izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa kaningi ayafika adlule iminyaka eminingi.

I-Tics inzima kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-8 no-17. I-Tics ivame ukuncipha futhi inyamalale yodwa ngemva kokuthomba.

Ingabe ukudlikizela kungavinjelwa?

Ososayensi abakakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nokudlikiza kanti abanye abakwenzi, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuvinjelwa .

Uma ingane yami inesifo sokudlikiza, ngingayinakekela kanjani?

Uma ingane yakho inezinkinga ezincane zokudlikiza, lawa macebiso alula angakusiza:

• Gwema ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka: Thola umsebenzi ingane yakho ewujabulelayo futhi ewujabulelayo. Isibonelo, umdlalo noma into yokuzilibazisa. Imizwa yokucindezeleka inganda lapho ingane yakho izizwa icindezelekile noma ikhathazekile. Uma ingane yakho ihilelekile emsebenzini othile, izoba matasa kakhulu futhi ingabi nengcindezi kakhulu.
• Gwema ukukhathala: Ukukhathala kunganda njengoba ingane ikhathala kakhulu.Bheka ukuthi ulala kahle yini ebusuku.
• Zama ukungawanaki ama-drugs engane yakho: Ungawanaki ngokungadingekile ama-drugs engane yakho. Ukukhuluma ngawo nokucabanga ngawo kungenza ama-drugs abe mabi nakakhulu.
• Ungamjezisi: Ungamthethisi ingane yakho uma inyakaza noma uyitshele ukuthi iyeke. Lokhu kuyinto engaphezu kwamandla ayo. Ukuthukuthela noma ukumsola ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga.
• Duduza futhi ukhuthaze ingane: Yenza ingane iqonde ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle nokuthi ukudlikiza akulona ihlazo. Menze azizwe sengathi unaye.
• Yazisa abanye kusenesikhathi: Yazisa abangani nezihlobo ngokudlikiza kwengane yakho kusenesikhathi. Ngale ndlela, bazokwazi ngakho futhi ngeke besabe noma basabele kakhulu lapho kwenzeka ukudlikiza.
• Sebenza nesikole sengane yakho: Gcina othisha bengane yakho kanye nabanye abasebenzi besikole benolwazi mayelana nokudlidliza kwengane yakho. Uma ukudlidliza kwengane yakho kubangela izinkinga esikoleni, sebenzisana nabo ukuthola izixazululo. Ingane yakho ingadinga isikhala esihlukile noma isikhathi esengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Kufanele ngiyise nini ingane yami kudokotela?

Ezinye izinkinga zokudlikiza azibalulekile kangako. Uma izinkinga zokudlikiza kwengane yakho zincane futhi kungekho nkinga, ungase ungadingi ukubona udokotela. Lezi zinkinga zingase ziphele zodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathazekile ngezinkinga zokudlikiza kwengane yakho, noma uma izinkinga zinje, hlela i-aphoyintimenti yokubona udokotela:

• Uma kwenzeka njalo, noma uma kuba kubi kakhulu noma kwenzeka kaningi.
• Uma kubangela izinkinga zomphakathi noma ezingokomzwelo (isib. ukuxhashazwa abanye abantwana, ukuhlazeka).
• Uma kubangela ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki .
• Uma kuphazamisa umsebenzi wesikole noma eminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Uma kuza nentukuthelo, ukucindezeleka, noma imicabango yokuzilimaza.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wengane yami?

Uma ingane yakho ine-tic, ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ukudlikizela kwengane yami kuncane noma kubi kakhulu?
• Ingabe ingane yami inesifo sokudlikiza?
• Uma kunjalo, hlobo luni lwesifo esithwalwa yizimpukane ingane yami enaso?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?
• Ingabe la makhizane azophela ngokwawo?
• Lesi simo singathinta kanjani ukufunda kwengane yami kanye nobudlelwano bayo nabantu? Kufanele ngenzenjani ngakho?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile, ucindezelekile, futhi wesaba lapho ingane yakho iba ne-tic. Kodwa-ke, nakuba i-tic ingaba yinto eyesabekayo, ngokuvamile ayibi yinto engathí sina . Eqinisweni, i-tic encane ivame ukuphela ngokwayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane yakho ithola uthando lwakho, ukuqonda kanye nokusekelwa.Yenza ingane iqonde ukuthi ayiyedwa, nokuthi lokhu akulona iphutha layo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukudlikiza kwengane yakho kuvame ukuba khona, kukhulu, noma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma umsebenzi wesikole, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela uzokwazi ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukudlikiza kwengane yakho futhi anqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu, uma kukhona. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, kodwa ukuthola ulwazi olunembile kanye neseluleko sezokwelapha.

Izifo ze -tic, izifo ze-tic, izifo ze-neurological, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, i-Tourette syndrome, impilo yengqondo yezingane, izinkinga zokunyakaza