Wake wezwa 'ngenhliziyo yokwenziwa'? Mhlawumbe uke wayibuka ku-movie. Kodwa uyazi ngempela ukuthi iyini, ubani oyidingayo, nokuthi isebenza kanjani? Namuhla, sizoxoxa nje ngaleli thuluzi elimangalisayo elisiza ukugcina umuntu onenkinga enkulu yokusebenza kwenhliziyo ephila kuze kube yilapho inhliziyo entsha ingafakwa.
Kalula nje, iyini inhliziyo yokwenziwa?
Inhliziyo yokwenziwa iyiphampu yomshini efakwa emzimbeni lapho amakamelo amabili aphansi enhliziyo yakho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle, engasebenzi kahle. Izinhliziyo zethu zinamakamelo amabili anjalo, ama-ventricle angakwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Uma inhliziyo yokwenziwa iyonke ifakwa, womabili la makamelo ayasuswa bese le divayisi ifakwa endaweni yawo.
Ngakho-ke, lokho amangqamuzana enhliziyo yakho angenakukwenza, okuwukupompa igazi emzimbeni wakho, kwenziwa yile nhliziyo yokwenziwa. Le divayisi ixhunywe emakamelweni amabili aphezulu enhliziyo yakho (i-'atria') kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
Isebenza kanjani le divayisi?
Cabanga ngalokhu, kungase kuzwakale kungavamile. Le nhliziyo yokwenziwa ithola amandla ayo kumshini womoya ophathwayo (noma `umshayeli`) ongaphandle komzimba wakho. Umoya ovela kulo `mshayeli` udlula ngamapayipi amabili amancane (`ama-driveline`) uye enhliziyweni yokwenziwa futhi uyasiza ukuthi ishaye ngesigqi.
Lawa mapayipi amabili aphuma emzimbeni ngesikhumba sesisu sakho bese exhuma ku-'driver'. Ungashaja ibhethri lalo 'driver' ekhaya noma emotweni. Njenge-'power bank' yamafoni ethu, ungalithwala 'esikhwameni' uma usohambweni.
Yebo, kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba ukuba nomshini womshini esifubeni sakho, kodwa lobu buchwepheshe busindise izimpilo zezinkulungwane zabantu abalinde ukufakelwa inhliziyo.
Ubani odinga inhliziyo yokwenziwa?
Izimo zenhliziyo ezinzima zingabangela ukuthi inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle emzimbeni wonke. Yilapho-ke inhliziyo yokwenziwa idingeka khona. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengebhuloho lokufakelwa inhliziyo. Okusho ukuthi, kusiza ukugcina isiguli siphilile futhi sinamandla kuze kube yilapho kutholakala inhliziyo evela kumnikeli ohambisanayo.
Umuntu onezimo ezilandelayo angadinga inhliziyo yokwenziwa.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo | Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni. |
| Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okukhulu | Uma kunomonakalo omkhulu emisipheni yenhliziyo. |
| Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo | Kwabanye abanezinkinga zokuzalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. |
| I-cardiomyopathy | Ukuqina, ukuqina, noma ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo. |
| Idivayisi ye-LVAD ehlulekile | Uma idivayisi ye-LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) esetshenziselwa ukusekela i-ventricle yesobunxele ihluleka. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia) | Izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingavamile ezisongela ukuphila. |
Uma inhliziyo yakho ingasebenzi kahle, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu njalo.
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension).
- Ukuvuvukala (i-edema) emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emaqakaleni nasesiswini .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
- Ukungakhululeki uma ulele embhedeni.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela okungenani isonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokufundisa wena nomndeni wakho ngenhliziyo yokwenziwa, ukuthi izoyithinta kanjani impilo yakho, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kunezinkinga.
Futhi, kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uphilile ngokwanele yini ukuze uhlinzwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- Ukuskena kwe-CT
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG)
- I-Echocardiogram (i-Echocardiogram)
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu
Indlela ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngayo
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa yithimba lochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nodokotela abahlinza inhliziyo. Uzofakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile bese kufakwa ipayipi lokuphefumula ukuze likusize uphefumule.
1. Okokuqala, udokotela uzosika isifuba sakho ngokusika ithambo eliphakathi kwesifuba sakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Sternotomy)`.
2. Okulandelayo, bazokunikeza imithi yokuvimba inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ingashayi okwesikhashana.
3. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzoxhunywa kumshini we-"heart-lung bypass machine" ukuze ujikeleze igazi lakho.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, amakamelo amabili aphansi abuthakathaka ('ama-ventricle') enhliziyo yakho ayasuswa.
5. Esikhundleni salokho , kufakwa inhliziyo yokwenziwa , eyixhumanisa namakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo (`atria`) kanye nemithambo eyinhloko.
6. Ekugcineni, umshini wokudlulisa inhliziyo namaphaphu uyamiswa bese inhliziyo yokwenziwa iyasebenza.
Ukuhlinzwa konke kungathatha cishe amahora angu-9. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzongeniswa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU). Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, uzoxhunywa kumshini wokuphefumula ukuze ukusize uphefumule. Uzonikezwa ukudla okunempilo ngepayipi noma i-saline (IV). Uzonikezwa nemithi yobuhlungu.
Njengoba ululama kancane kancane, uzokwazi ukuphefumula wedwa, ukudla nokuphuza, nokuhambahamba kancane kancane esibhedlela.
Into ekhethekile ukuthi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, odokotela abasivali isifuba sakho ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi bafuna ukuhlola okuthile okungaphakathi esifubeni futhi noma ukukwelapha kalula uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, isifuba sivalwa ngokuphelele ngemva kosuku olulodwa.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Inzuzo eyinhloko
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi kusindisa izimpilo . Ngaphandle kwenhliziyo yokwenziwa, abantu abaningi bayafa belinde inhliziyo ehambisanayo. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kancane kancane uthola amandla futhi uqala ukuzizwa ungcono kunangaphambili. Lokhu kukunika amandla nempilo edingekayo ukuze ufakwe inhliziyo.
Izingozi nezinkinga
Iziguli ezidinga inhliziyo yokwenziwa sezivele zisesimweni esibucayi sempilo. Ukuhlinzwa nokuphila ngale divayisi kungaba nezingozi ezithile.
- Amahlule egazi
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukopha okukhulu
- Ukutheleleka
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso noma kwesibindi
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
Lezi yizingozi ezinkulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu kuqala.
Ukululama nokuzinakekela
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka ululame esibhedlela cishe inyanga yonke. Ngemva kokuya ekhaya, ungenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungamthwala lowo 'mshayeli' engikhulume ngaye ekuqaleni 'ngesikhwama' bese uhambahamba ngokukhululeka.
Nansi indlela okufanele uzinakekele ngayo:
- Hamba uyohlolwa ngezokwelapha ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
- Thatha imithi enikezwe udokotela ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwegazi kanye nokutheleleka ngesikhathi.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
- Bhala kahle.
- Bamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela inhliziyo uma kunconywa udokotela wakho.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokushesha
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha .
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka emzimbeni. |
| Izimpawu Zokushaywa Yisifo Sohlangothi | Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukulahlekelwa yimizwa engalweni. |
| I-embolism yamaphaphu | Ukuphefumula okungazelelwe, ubuhlungu besifuba. |
| Izimpawu zokutheleleka | Ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobomvu endaweni lapho ipayipi lingena khona emzimbeni. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inhliziyo yokwenziwa iyiphampu yesikhashana egcina iziguli ezinezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo ziphila kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo.
- Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kakhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama.
- Ukuze uphile nale divayisi, kudingeka idivayisi yokunikeza amandla yangaphandle (`umshayeli`), okumele uyiphathe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuphuza imithi ngendlela efanele, njengoba kunezingozi ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi, izifo, kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, njengomkhuhlane, izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
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