Kwenzekani ebuchosheni uma ushaya ikhanda lakho - Ake sifunde ngokulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa i-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ebuchosheni bakho uma ushaya ikhanda lakho kanzima, noma uma ulimala ngento eshaya ikhanda lakho? Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlobo zezehlakalo zingaba zimbi kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalolu hlobo lokulimala kwekhanda, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) . Lesi yisimo esibi sezokwelapha esithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho bethu.

Kuyini ngempela ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa i-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Kalula nje, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI) ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda, ukushaqeka, noma into engena ekhanda bese ingena ebuchosheni. Cabanga ngale ndlela: njengekhukhunathi ewela eweni eliphakeme bese amanzi angaphakathi kuyo ekhishwa, ubuchopho bethu nabo bungaphakathi ekhanda, ngakho-ke uma ushaya ikhanda lakho kanzima, ubuchopho bungashaya ingaphakathi lekhanda. Noma, uma into ebukhali ishaya ikhanda lakho, ingangena ekhanda bese ilimala ubuchopho.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-TBI, siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kanye nokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside emazweni afana ne-United States. Singabangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside. Lokho kusho ukuthi singathinta zonke izici zokuphila kwakho. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi simo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kunezindlela zokuvimbela lezi zinhlobo zezingozi.

Sivame ukuzwa ngokulimala ekhanda okunje eSri Lanka, akunjalo? Ukuwa ebhayisikilini, ukushayisa ikhanda ngenkathi udlala imidlalo, izingozi zezimoto... konke lokhu kungabangela i-TBI. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ivame kangakanani i-TBI?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Isibonelo, ngo-2020, abantu abangaphezu kuka-214,000 e-United States kuphela bangeniswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-TBI. Futhi abantu abangaphezu kuka-69,000 bashona ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene ne-TBI. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa yi-traumatic brain (TBI)?

Odokotela bahlukanisa la ma-TBI abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-TBI engena ekhanda: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ebukhali (njengenhlamvu, ummese, noma ingxenye yensimbi) ingena ekhanda lakho bese yonakalisa izicubu zobuchopho. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi ``I-TBI Evulekile''.

2. I-TBI Engangeni/Engaphumi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ikhanda lakho lishaywa kanzima, okubangela ukuba ubuchopho bunyakaze noma busonteke ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi ``I-TBI yekhanda elivaliwe'' noma ``I-TBI Engaphumi''. Lokhu kungenzeka engozini yemoto, ukuwa, ukushaywa ekhanda, ukuqhuma, noma ukushaywa ekhanda ngenkathi udlala ezemidlalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlukanisa izimo ze-TBI njengezincane , eziphakathi nendawo, nezinzima .

• I-TBI Encane:Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluhlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-75% azo zonke izinhlobo ze-TBI. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza le TBI emnene ngokuthi ukuquleka kwemisipha . Kodwa-ke, yize imnene, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi eside. Umuntu one-TBI emnene angase abe nobunzima bokubuyela emisebenzini yansuku zonke, njengokuya emsebenzini.
• I-TBI Emaphakathi Nebucayi: Zombili lezi zimo zivame ukuholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezibalulekile zesikhathi eside.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-TBI?

Uma une-TBI, kusho ukuthi ikhanda lakho lishaywe ndawana thize futhi ubuchopho bakho buthuthelwe noma bujike ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ubuchopho bakho bungalimala futhi imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho ingalimala. I-TBI ibangela izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho, okubangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho ayeke ukusebenza kahle.

Izimpawu ze-TBI ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi zincane, ziphakathi nendawo, noma zinzima. Kodwa-ke, noma iyiphi i-TBI ingabangela izimpawu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinkinga zomzimba, ubunzima bokucabanga nokukhumbula, kanye nezinkinga zomphakathi noma ezingokomzwelo. Bobabili abantu abadala nezingane banezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane encane ine-TBI, ingaba nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokudla noma ukuncelisa, noma ingakhala ngokungalawuleki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iduduzeka kangakanani.

Izimpawu ze-TBI Encane

Izimpawu ze-TBI encane ziyahlukahluka. Zingavela ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, noma ngisho nangesonto kamuva. Ungase ungaboni ukuxhumana phakathi kokulimala ekhanda nokungakhululeki okuzwayo. Futhi, izimpawu zingashintsha njengoba ubuchopho buphola.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zezimpawu:

Izinkinga zomzimba:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isiyezi noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya (amehlo abonakala ephenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
• Ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka
• Izinkinga zokubona, isibonelo, ukubona okufiphele

Izinkinga zokucabanga noma zokukhumbula:

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana
• Ukuzizwa sengathi konke kwenzeka kancane, njengokungathi uhamba kancane.
• Ukudabuka

Izinkinga zomphakathi noma ezingokomzwelo:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukukhathazeka okuvamile
• Ukucasuka

Izinkinga zokulala:

I-TBI encane ingathinta nokulala kwakho. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ubunzima bokulala, ukulala kancane kunokujwayelekile, noma ukulala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Izimpawu ze-TBI Emaphakathi Noma Enzima

Njenge-TBI encane, izimpawu ze-TBI ephakathi noma enzima zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga zomzimba:

Lokhu kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu, isibonelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo. I-TBI ephakathi nendawo ingahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 nangaphansi kwamahora angama-24. I-TBI enzima ingahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24.
• I-Coma
• Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumana
• Izinkinga zokuzwa noma zokubona
• Izinguquko emizweni, njengokuthinta

Izinkinga zokucabanga noma zokukhumbula:

I-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana
• Ubunzima bokuxhumana nabanye
• Ukudabuka

Izinkinga zomphakathi noma ezingokomzwelo:

I-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukukhathazeka okuvamile
• Ukucasuka
• Usizi, ukuzisola
• Ukucindezeleka
• Intukuthelo
• Ulaka
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukuziphatha
• Ukusebenza ngokunganaki kunokujwayelekile

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-TBI?

I-TBI emnene, ephakathi nendawo, nenzima ingabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

Uma une-TBI encane, futhi unganiki ubuchopho bakho isikhathi esanele sokululama, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-second-impact syndrome . Yilapho ubuchopho buvuvukala ngokuzumayo futhi izicubu zobuchopho zishintsha kusuka endaweni kuya kwenye.

I-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima ingadala imiphumela yesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukopha kobuchopho
• Ukuquleka
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okungapheli kanye nokukhubazeka
• Ukufinyezwa kwesikhathi sokuphila

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima yandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izimo ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Ukukhathazeka
• I-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (isifo esivame ukwenzeka kubantu abashaywa njalo ekhanda, njengabadlali)
• Ukucindezeleka
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Ngemva Kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)

Itholakala kanjani i-TBI?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-TBI encane, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Bazozama nokuthola ukuthi yini ebangele ukulimala. Bangenza izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe. Kungenziwa i -CT scan noma i-MRI ukuhlola ukopha noma ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Uma une-TBI ephakathi noma enzima, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-CT scan ukuze anqume ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-TBI?

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha i-TBI emnene nephakathi nendawo/enzima. Izindlela ezithile zokwelapha zingahluka kuye ngesimo sakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-TBI encane

Uma une-TBI encane, odokotela bangase batuse okulandelayo:

• Ukuphumula: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Udinga ukunikeza ubuchopho bakho isikhathi sokululama.
• Amaphilisi okudambisa ubuhlungu angewona ama-NSAID angathathwa ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela (isb. i-paracetamol. Kodwa kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho.)
• Ukuya njalo kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha ziyavela noma ukuthi izimpawu ezikhona ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu emasontweni ambalwa ezayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima

I-TBI emaphakathi noma enzima iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Odokotela bangenza ukuhlinzwa okufana nalokhu:

• Nciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda.
• Uma kwenzeka i-TBI engena ngaphakathi (okusho ukuthi into ethile iphula ugebhezi bese ingena ezicutshini zobuchopho), susa noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaphakathi kogebhezi.
• Susa amahlule egazi.
• Lungisa ukwaphuka kwekhanda.
• Faka ama-monitor angalinganisa amazinga okucindezela kanye nomoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Odokotela bangase futhi bakunikeze imithi efana nale:

• Ama-painkiller anqunywe udokotela.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka.
• Imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi emithanjeni (i-venous thromboembolism).
• Izikhuthazi ezandisa ukuqaphela.
• Imithi yokucindezeleka.
• Imithi yokukhathazeka (i-Anxiolytics).

Ngemva kokululama ekuhlinzweni, cishe uzoqala ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa. Umgomo wokuvuselelwa ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokukusiza ubhekane nezinselele ezifana nezinkinga zokuxhumana noma zempilo yengqondo. Ungathola ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
• Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo
• Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo ukusiza nganoma iyiphi inkinga yempilo yengqondo noma yengqondo

Kungenzeka yini ukululama ngokuphelele ku-TBI?

Kuncike kakhulu esimweni sakho. I-TBI ngayinye ingaba nezinselele. Kwezinye izimo, i-TBI ingaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Uma une-TBI, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Okubalulekile: Inqubo yokululama yomuntu wonke ihlukile, ngakho ungaziqhathanisi nabanye. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.

Ingabe i-TBI ingavinjelwa?

Ungase ungakwazi ukugwema konke okungadala i-TBI. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uvikele ikhanda lakho futhi unciphise ingozi yakho ye-TBI. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Nciphisa ingozi yakho yokuwa: Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65, usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Cabanga ngokufaka izikhonkwane ezitebhisini nokudala izindlela ezicacile neziphephile ezizungeze ikhaya lakho (isibonelo, ukususa omata, izintambo zikagesi ezinde, nezinto ezincane zefenisha ezingakukhuba).
• Dlala ngokuphephile: Gqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela (njengesigqoko sokuzivikela) uma udlala imidlalo yokuthintana, ugibela amabhayisikili, noma ugibela izithuthuthu.
• Bopha ibhande lakho lesihlalo: Uma ushayela, gqoka ibhande lakho lesihlalo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi nabanye abanawe nabo bagqoke amabhande esihlalo. Uma uhamba nezingane ezincane nezingane, hlala uzigcina ezihlalweni zemoto noma ezihlalweni zokuphakamisa.

Nginesifo se-TBI esincane. Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Iningi labantu abane-TBI encane liba ngcono ngokuphumula izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma une-TBI encane, ungazinakekela ngokuthi:

• Gwema imisebenzi engalimaza ikhanda lakho nobuchopho bakho futhi.
• Uma uphethwe yikhanda, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ongayisebenzisa nokuthi uyisebenzisa nini.
• Phumula ngokwanele. Ubuchopho bakho budinga isikhathi sokululama. Uma unenkinga yokulala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinto ongazenza ukuze ulale kangcono.

Abantu abane-TBI kufanele baye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma une-TBI, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Uma ikhanda lingapheli, noma uma liba libi kakhulu.
• Uma ukuhlanza kungayeki.
• Inkulumo engaqondakali.

Uma unakekela umuntu one-TBI, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Abazi lutho, futhi awukwazi ukubavusa.
• Uma benokuxhuzula.
• Uma uqaphela, i-puppy emnyama kwelinye lamehlo abo inkulu kakhulu kunelinye.

Umuntu oseduze nami une-TBI ephakathi noma enzima. Ngingamsiza kanjani?

Uma unakekela umuntu one-TBI, ungase udinge ukwesekwa kanye nesiqondiso sendlela yokumsiza ukuthi akhe kabusha izimpilo zakhe. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso:

• Funda ukuthi i-TBI ibathinta kanjani. Ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi umsekele kangcono othandekayo wakho njengoba ebhekene nezinselele.
• Bakhuthaze ukuthi bahlanganyele ekwelashweni.
• Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ubasize bathole ukuphumula okwanele.
• Zinakekele nawe.Ukunakekela umuntu onesifo sofuba esibi kakhulu kungaba yinto ekhathazayo futhi ecindezelayo. Buza odokotela bomuntu omthandayo ngezinsizakalo nezinhlelo ezingakusiza uthole ikhefu.
• Joyina iqembu lokusekelana. Ukuxhumana nabantu abaqondayo ukuthi ubhekene nani kungakusiza uzizwe sengathi awuwedwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma une-TBI encane, ungabuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwe-TBI?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa?
• Ngizoba ngcono nini?
• Ngizokwazi nini ukubuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni?

Uma unakekela umuntu onesifo sofuba esibi kakhulu, ungase uzibuze le mibuzo:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
• Hlobo luni lokuvuselelwa abazoludinga?
• Angakanani amathuba abo okululama?
• Ngingabasiza kanjani ukubhekana nalesi simo?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI) , ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda, kungaba yingozi empilweni ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho ne-TBI encane ingashintsha impilo yakho. I-TBI ingenzeka uma ushaya ikhanda lakho noma okuthile kukushaya ikhanda lakho. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zesikhashana noma zesikhathi eside, futhi kungathinta zonke izici zokuphila kwakho. I-TBI ingashintsha indlela ocabanga ngayo, oziphatha ngayo, ozizwa ngayo, nofunda ngayo. Ingathinta nekhono lakho lokusebenza nokwakha ubudlelwano.

I-TBI ingabangelwa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuwa okungalindelekile, izingozi zezimoto, kanye nodlame phakathi kwabantu. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi uzokwazi ukugwema konke okungabangela i-TBI. Kodwa ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ungase ube sengozini ye-TBI, buza udokotela ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani wena nobuchopho bakho kwi-TBI. Ikhanda lakho liyinto eyigugu, futhi kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukulinakekela.

I- TBI, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukulimala kwekhanda, ukubhajwa kwekhanda, ukulimala kogebhezi, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa