Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu abesifazane abaningi abanqikaza ukukhuluma ngaso, kodwa sonke kudingeka siqaphele. Leso yisifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Vaginal Cancer. Ungase wesabe uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa ungesabi. Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. Kodwa ukuqaphela lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane, ngokuningiliziwe.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?
Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane umdlavuza okhula emaseli azungeze isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwamaseli. Njengoba wazi, isitho sangasese sowesifazane siyisitho esifana nepayipi esisuka engxenyeni engezansi yesibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho, kuya ezithweni zakho zangasese zangaphandle, i-vulva.
Kukhona into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde lapha. Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza oqala kwezinye izindawo, njengomdlavuza wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesibeletho, ungasakazekela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa umdlavuza wesibeletho esikhuluma ngawo namuhla umdlavuza oqala emaseli esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu kunokusabalala kwalezo ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lweseli lapho umdlavuza uqala khona. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-carcinoma yamaseli e-squamous | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubangela cishe u-90% womdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Luqala kumaseli aqinile azungeze isitho sangasese sowesifazane. |
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Iqala emaseli ezindlala esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Ivame ukuvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile. Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-clear cell adenocarcinoma lungavela nakubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50, ikakhulukazi uma unina ethathe umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngesikhathi besesibelethweni. |
| I-Melanoma | Kuqala emaselini anika umbala esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (ama-melanocyte), njengamaseli akha izimpawu zokuzalwa esikhumbeni sethu. Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. |
| I-Sarcoma | Lokhu futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Kuvela ezicutshini ezixhumanisayo kanye nezicubu zemisipha ezakha izindonga zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kukhona nezinhlobo. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. I-Leiomyosarcoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala. |
Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?
Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Cishe oyedwa kwabesifazane abayi-100,000 utholakala enalesi sifo. Kuyo yonke imidlavuza yabesifazane, umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ubanga iphesenti elincane kakhulu, phakathi kuka-1% no-2%. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba lokhu ngokungadingekile, kodwa ukuqaphela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Njenganoma yisiphi isifo, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezifaka isandla ekukhuleni kwalo mdlavuza. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
- Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala: Ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, i-"Squamous cell carcinoma," luvame ukutholakala cishe eminyakeni engu-60 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lungakhula kubantu abangaphansi kwalokho.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): I-HPV iyigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Liyisici esiyinhloko esibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi nokungagonyelwa i-HPV kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
- Isimo se-Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): `(VAIN)` sisho ukuthi kukhona amaseli angajwayelekile olwelwesini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kodwa awakabi amaseli anomdlavuza. Lokhu kufana nesimo sangaphambi komdlavuza. Abanye abantu bahlakulela lesi simo njengomdlavuza, kanti abanye abanaso. Abantu abanegciwane le-`(HPV)` banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-`(VAIN).`
- Ukuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho noma i-cervical dysplasia: Kunengozi ethile yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho uma uke welashwa umdlavuza wesibeletho ngaphambilini. Kukhona nengozi yokuba namaseli angajwayelekile esibelethweni (cervical dysplasia).
- Ukuchayeka ku-diethylstilbestrol (DES): ``DES'' iyi-hormone yokwenziwa eyanikezwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa phakathi kuka-1940 no-1971. Uma umama wakho ethathe lo muthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, usengozini enkulu yokuthola ``i-Adenocarcinoma''.
- Ukubhema: Ungamangali, ukubhema kwandisa kabili ingozi yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Ezigabeni zokuqala, lo mdlavuza awuvami ukubangela zimpawu. Ungathola ngakho kuphela uma udokotela wakho ethola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile, njenge-Pap smear. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlolwa njalo kwezifo zabesifazane.
Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, zingaba kanje:
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu azivame ukubangelwa yinto engathi sína njengomdlavuza, kodwa ngezinye izimbangela ezilula. Kodwa uma ubona into efana nale, ungalokothi uyishaye indiva. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
| Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| 🩸 | Ukopha okungavamile ngemva kocansi (akuhlobene nokuya esikhathini). |
| 🩸 | Ukopha ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini (ngemva kokuya esikhathini sekuphele ngokuphelele). |
| 💧 | Ukuphuma kwamanzi esithweni sangasese sangasese okunamanzi, okunegazi , noma okunephunga elibi. |
| 😣 | Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi. |
| iqhubu | Ukuzwa iqhubu noma isimila esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. |
| 🚽 | Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama, isidingo sokuchama njalo, ukuqunjelwa, noma indle emnyama. |
| 😖 | Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo endaweni yesinqe. |
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese enza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze ahlole umdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza.
Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic: Udokotela uzohlola isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma amaqhubu.
- I-Pap smear: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yamaseli avela emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane bese uwabheka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini amaseli angajwayelekile.
- I-Colposcopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kukhona okungajwayelekile ku-Pap smear. Kulokhu, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho kuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngokukhanya okukhethekile kanye nedivayisi yokukhulisa (i-colposcope).
- I-Biopsy: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza. Ngesikhathi se-colposcopy, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukulinganisa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuskena zisetshenziselwa lokhu.
- I-CT scan, i-MRI scan, i-PET scan: Lezi skeni zingahlola usayizi wesimila, ukuthi sisakazeke yini kuma-lymph node, nokuthi sisakazeke yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- I-Cystoscopy: Ukuhlolwa kokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele esinyeni.
- I-Proctoscopy: Ukuhlolwa kokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini e-rectum.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Uhlelo lokwelashwa luncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo, isigaba sawo, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Uma uhlela ukuba nezingane, ungase uthande ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kungase kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile ('Ukususwa kwendawo okubanzi'), ukuze kususwe ingxenye noma yonke i-vagina ('Ukususwa kwe-Vagin'), futhi ngezinye izikhathi kususwe isibeletho kanye nama-lymph node ('Ukususwa kwe-Hyster'). Uma lesi sifo sibuya, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, njengokuphuma kwe-pelvic', ukuze kususwe izitho eziningana e-pelvic.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe:Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini ongaphandle komzimba (`imisebe yangaphandle`) noma ngokufaka izinto ezikhipha imisebe esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (`imisebe yangaphakathi`).
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kodwa kumdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kuvame ukunikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwawo.
Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?
Nakuba kungekho ndlela yokuvimbela lo mdlavuza ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho.
- Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezifo zabesifazane kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kufanele ukwenze kangaki lokhu.
- Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Buza udokotela wakho ngomuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Okokugcina, khumbula ukuthi uma utholakale unomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, akusikho ukuphela komhlaba. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho futhi ucacise ngohlobo lomdlavuza, izinga lokusabalala kwawo, kanye nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Uma utholakale kusenesikhathi, cishe uzokwelashwa ngempumelelo, ululame ngokugcwele, futhi uphile impilo evamile. Kubalulekile futhi ukufuna ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo emndenini wakho, kubangani, nakumeluleki phakathi nalolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane uyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokopha okungajwayelekile ngemva kocansi noma ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okunuka kabi , xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo kuwusizo olukhulu ekutholeni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.
- Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kungavikela kulo mdlavuza kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza.
- Ukubhema kwandisa kabili ingozi yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngakho-ke gwema ukubhema.
- Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, lo unethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa nokwelashwa uma utholakala usesesigabeni sokuqala.
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