Cabanga ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu njengemigwaqo edolobheni lonke. Kukule migwaqo lapho igazi lihamba khona lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye kuwo wonke amakhona omzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma kukhona ukuvaleka, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, noma enye inkinga kule migwaqo? Ithrafikhi yonke iyaphazamiseka, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, uma kunenkinga ngemithambo yegazi yethu, simane sibize ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwa ukuze kuphathwe `(Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi)`.
Kalula nje, kuyini 'ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo yegazi'?
Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo yegazi yigama elijwayelekile lokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okubandakanya imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, kanye nama-capillary) emzimbeni wethu. Yilolu chungechunge lwemithambo yegazi oluthwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba kanye nezicubu zomzimba, futhi libuyisele igazi enhliziyweni.
Le mithambo yegazi ingonakaliswa yizimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo zingaphathwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye nemithi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze umise inkinga ukuthi ingabi yimbi kakhulu.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela kakhulu:
- Ukulungisa umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yalezi zimo.
- Ukudala ukufinyelela emithanjeni yegazi ukuze kube lula ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okufana ne-dialysis kweziguli zezinso.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona 'ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo yegazi'?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo yegazi. Isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngalokhu senziwa udokotela wakho.
| Isimo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic | I-aorta iyabuthaka futhi ivuvukale njengebhaluni. |
| Amahlule egazi | Amahlule egazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid | Ukuvaleka komthambo oyinhloko (umthambo we-carotid) entanyeni ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni. |
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ihlule legazi emthanjeni ojulile emzimbeni. |
| Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD) | Ama-fat deposits avimba imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye ezingxenyeni zomzimba, njengemilenze nezingalo. |
| Imithambo ye-Varicose | Imithambo esemilenzeni iyavuvukala, ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ibonakale ebusweni. |
| I-Renal Artery Stenosis | Ukuncishiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezinso. |
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungadingeka kwezinye izifo eziningi ezifana nalezi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho ngokucophelela bese enquma ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka yini kanye nemithi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa nezinqubo zokwelapha izinkinga zemithambo yegazi. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa oludingayo luzoncika esimweni sakho. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
1. Ukulungiswa kwe-Aortic Aneurysm
Uma umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu (i-aorta) uba buthakathaka futhi uvuvukala njengebhaluni, udinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba uqhume. Lona ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngenxa yalokho.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Open Aneurysm: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza i-incision esifubeni noma esiswini, ukususa umthambo wegazi owonakele, bese ufakwa ipayipi lokwenziwa (i-graft).
- Ukulungiswa Kwe-Endovascular Aneurysm (i-EVAR): Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlinzwa okuncane. Kwenziwa imbobo encane esikhumbeni, kufakwa ipayipi le-wire mesh elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent graft ngembobo, bese igazi ligeleza ngepayipi elisha.
- Ukulungiswa Kwe-Thracic Endovascular Aneurysm (TEVAR): Lokhu kufana ne-`(EVAR)`, kodwa kwenziwa kuma-aneurysms ku-aorta endaweni yesifuba.
2. Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD)
I-PAD yisimo lapho i-plaque inqwabelana khona emithanjeni ethwala igazi iye emilenzeni nasezingalweni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu emilenzeni lapho uhamba.
- I-Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting:Kulokhu, kufakwa ibhaluni elincane emthanjeni wegazi ovinjiwe bese lifuthwa ukuze kwandiswe umthambo. Bese kufakwa i-"stent" encane yensimbi ngaphakathi ukuze ivinjwe futhi. Kufana nokuhlanza ipayipi lamanzi elivinjiwe bese ufaka ipayipi elincane ngaphakathi ukuze livinjwe futhi.
- Ukususwa kwe-atherectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-blade encane ekugcineni kwe-catheter (ithubhu elincane) ukuze kususwe amafutha aqongeleleke ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kokudlula Kwemithambo Yegazi Ehambayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvula umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe nokudala indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa omunye umthambo wegazi ophilile ngaphakathi emzimbeni noma ipayipi lokwenziwa. Kufana nokwakha umgwaqo odlulayo ukuze udlule izimoto emgwaqweni.
3. Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ze-Carotid Artery (imithambo yentamo)
Isifo semithambo ye-carotid yisimo lapho amafutha enqwabelana khona emithanjeni eyinhloko entanyeni ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bethu. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
- I-Carotid Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lo mthambo we-artery unwetshwa ngebhaluni kanye ne-stent.
- Ukususwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Kulokhu, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane entanyeni, umthambo uyavulwa, ungqimba olunamafutha ngaphakathi luyasuswa, bese umthambo uthungwa ndawonye.
4. Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zemithambo Yemithambo
Igazi elingcolile emzimbeni wethu libuyiselwa enhliziyweni ngemithambo. Imithambo, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, inama-valve asiza ukupompa igazi liye phezulu. Lapho la ma-valve eba buthakathaka, igazi liyaqoqana emilenzeni, okubangela izimo ezifana ne-"Varicose veins".
- Ukubekwa Kwesihlungi seVena Cava: Kubantu abanezimo ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), isihlungi esincane sifakwa ngaphakathi komthambo omkhulu ukuze kuvinjwe amahlule egazi ukuthi angahambi aye enhliziyweni noma emaphashini.
- Ukubopha kanye nokukhumula imithambo: Kulokhu, imithambo enesifo (imithambo ye-varicose) iyasikwa futhi isuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
- I-Endovenous Thermal Ablation: Ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser noma amagagasi omsakazo avame kakhulu, umthambo onesifo uyavalwa ngaphakathi futhi uvalwe ngaphandle kokwenza ukusikwa okukhulu.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Sclerotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukujova isisombululo samakhemikhali ukuvala imithambo emincane ephukile kanye nemithambo yesicabucabu.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okunje. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bazochaza konke kuwe.
Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Khuluma ngezimpawu zakho, izifo zangaphambilini, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba onakho.
- Ukuhlolwa:Kuzohlolwa izivivinyo ezahlukene ezidingekayo ekuhlinzeni. Isibonelo, izivivinyo ezifana ne-`(Angiogram)`, `(Doppler ultrasound)`, `(Echocardiogram - echo)`, `(Electrocardiogram - EKG)`.
- Ukulungiselela kwakho: Kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Udokotela uzobuza ukuthi udinga ukuyeka yini ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi oyithatha njalo.
- Uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma ubhema, welulekwa ukuthi uyeke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzwa: I-Open kanye ne-Endovascular
Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kwemithambo yegazi kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi iyiphi indlela eyenziwa kuwe.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile | Kulesi simo, isikhumba sinqunywa ngobude lapho kukhona khona umthambo wegazi ozokwelashwa, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokufinyelela ngqo kulowo mthambo wegazi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi (Ukuhlinzwa Okungenasivikelo Esitheni) | Lena inqubo engangenisi kakhulu. Kwenziwa imbobo encane esikhumbeni, kufakwa i-catheter (ipayipi elincane) ngayo, bese iqondiswa emthanjeni wegazi iye endaweni ezokwelashwa. Isikhathi sokululama sivame ukuba sifushane ngale ndlela. |
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Futhi yiziphi izingozi?
Okwenzekayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenzile. Okunye ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kungadinga izinsuku ezimbalwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU). Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwenqubo encane efana ne-sclerotherapy, ungase ukwazi ukuya ekhaya ngalolo suku.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, lokhu kuhlinzwa kunezingozi ezithile.
- Ukungezwani komzimba ne-anesthesia noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
- Ukopha.
- Amahlule egazi.
- Ukutheleleka.
- Ukulimala kwemizwa.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Le ngozi inganda kuye ngokuthi ukugula kwakho kubucayi kangakanani, iminyaka yakho, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, njengesifo sikashukela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngalokhu.
Ngidinga ukubona udokotela maduze!
Uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ngesikhathi usalulama ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Qaphela kakhulu lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Isibonakaliso | Okufanele ukuqaphele |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane, ukuphuma kobomvu esilondeni, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala | Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka. |
| Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, ukuvuvukala, ukungazweli engalweni noma emlenzeni | Ukuqhekeka kwegazi kungaba uphawu lokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, esiswini, emhlane, noma esiswini | Kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu yangaphakathi. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi noma ulwelwesi oluphuzi/oluhlaza okotshani | Kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka kwamaphaphu. |
| Umbono ofiphele, ubunzima bokugwinya | Kungaba uphawu lokuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa luthintekile. |
Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yemithambo kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yezokwelapha engasindisa izimpilo zethu futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yethu. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mincane kangakanani.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi kubhekisela ekuhlinzeni nasekuphatheni okwenziwa emithanjeni yegazi (imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi) emzimbeni wethu.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: 'ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile', okubandakanya ukusikwa okukhulu, kanye nokuhlinzwa 'kwe-endovascular', okubandakanya ukusikwa okuncane.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyalulama ngokushesha.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukuvuvukala, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nokuhlinzwa kwakho.
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