Ingabe uzizwa unesizungu ngokuzumayo? Noma uzizwa sengathi izinto ezikuzungezile ziyakujikeleza? Ingabe uke uzizwe sengathi uzulazula ngokuzumayo noma ulahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho ngenkathi uhamba? Sonke sike sabhekana nalokhu okungenani kanye empilweni yethu. Kwabanye, lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa kwabanye, kungaba yinkinga eqhubekayo, yempilo yonke. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngembangela eyinhloko yalezi zinto, uhlelo olumangalisayo noluyinkimbinkimbi olulawula ibhalansi yemizimba yethu.
Iyini i-Vestibular System?
Kalula nje, uhlelo lwe-vestibular luyisitho esiyinhloko sezinzwa esilawula ukulingana komzimba wethu, noma ibhalansi. Kufana 'nezinga lomoya' elizenzakalelayo elakhelwe emzimbeni wethu. Libikela ubuchopho lonke ulwazi esinalo mayelana nokuthi simi, sincike, siyanyakaza, nokuthi sikusiphi isikhundla.
Lolu hlelo lungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Uhlelo lwe-vestibular oluseceleni: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo. Lutholakala endlebeni yethu yangaphakathi . Ngokuvamile sibhekisela kule ngxenye ngokuthi "uhlelo lwe-vestibular." Yilapho sizwa khona ulwazi oluhlobene nebhalansi yethu.
- Uhlelo lwe-vestibular oluphakathi: Lolu luyingxenye yesimiso sethu sezinzwa esiphakathi, okuwubuchopho nomgogodla. Luthola izimpawu ezivela ezindlebeni, luzihlaziye, futhi luyale ezinye izitho ukuba zilondoloze ibhalansi.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani ngempela?
Ukulinganisela komzimba wethu akuyona into engalawulwa yinto eyodwa kuphela. Kufana nomdlalo weqembu. Kunabadlali abathathu abaphambili kulokhu.
1. Uhlelo lwe-Vestibular (ingxenye yendlebe): Lunikeza ulwazi mayelana nendawo, isivinini, kanye nesiqondiso sokunyakaza kwekhanda.
2. Amehlo (umbono): Sinike ulwazi mayelana nendawo esikuyo, ukuthi sikuphi, nokuthi izinto zikuphi maqondana nathi.
3. Imisipha namalunga (I-Proprioception): Inikeza umuzwa wokuthi imilenze yethu ikuphi, ukuthi simi kanjani phansi, nokuthi amalunga ethu agobile kanjani.
Cabanga uhamba egumbini elimnyama kancane. Njengoba amehlo akho engaboni kahle, uhlelo lwe-vestibular endlebeni yakho kanye nomuzwa wezinyawo zakho zishaya phansi yizinto eziyinhloko ezikusiza ukuthi ugcine ibhalansi yakho. Zonke izingcezu ezintathu zolwazi ziya ebuchosheni bakho, bese ubuchopho buzihlanganisa zonke ukuze bunqume ukuthi ungawugcina kanjani umzimba wakho ulinganisele.
Kunezindlela ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusabela ezisiza le nqubo ukuthi yenzeke ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamehlo nokulinganisela (i-Vestibulo-ocular reflex - VOR)
Lokhu kuyinto ethokozisayo kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi uzama ukufunda inombolo ebhasini emgwaqweni. Ngisho noma uhamba futhi ikhanda lakho lihamba ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, amehlo akho asengagxila kuleyo nombolo. Lokho okubonayo kufiphele, hhayi kufiphele. Yilokho okusiza ngakho le reflex ethi 'VOR'. Uma ikhanda lakho lihamba kolunye uhlangothi, amehlo akho ahamba ngokuzenzakalelayo kolunye uhlangothi, egcina lokho esikubhekayo kuzinzile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, lapho sihamba, umhlaba esiwubonayo ubonakala sengathi uyathuthumela, njengekhamera eqopha ividiyo ethuthumelayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisipha nokulinganisela (i-Vestibulospinal reflex - VS)
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisipha yethu iyazivumelanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ilingane. Cabanga uhamba emgwaqweni onamatshe. Ngesinyathelo ngasinye, umzimba wakho uyanyakaza uye emuva naphambili. Kodwa awuwi kalula. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, lapho nje ikhanda lakho litsheka kancane, lolu hlelo olusendlebeni yakho luyayibona bese luthumela ngokushesha isignali emisipheni yakho, luthi, "Umzimba wakho uthambekele ngakwesokudla, ngakho ungawuvumeli uwe bese ubeka isisindo sakho emlenzeni wakho wesobunxele ukuze uzilinganisele." Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kangangokuthi asinaso nesikhathi sokucabanga ngakho.
Izingxenye zalolu hlelo kanye nemisebenzi yazo
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izitho eziyinhloko zokuzwa zesistimu ye-vestibular zitholakala endlebeni yangaphakathi. I-cochlea, esisiza ukuzwa, nayo itholakala endlebeni yangaphakathi. Eduze kwayo, engxenyeni ehlukile, kunezitho ezi-5 ezihlobene nokulinganisela. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-vestibular labyrinth.
Ngaphakathi kwalezi zitho kukhona uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi `i-endolymph` kanye namaseli enzwa afana nezinwele amahle kakhulu (`amaseli ezinwele`). Uma sinyakazisa amakhanda ethu, lolu ketshezi luyanyakaza. Bese amaseli ezinwele agoba futhi athumele izimpawu ebuchosheni ngazo. Lezi zimpawu ziyiswa ebuchosheni nge-`vestibular nerve`.
Ake siqonde lezi zingxenye ngokucacile kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Ingxenye eyinhloko | Izigaba ezincane | Ukunyakaza okubonakalayo | Isibonelo esilula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imisele Eyindilinga Engaxubile Iqaphela ukunyakaza kokujikeleza. | Umsele ophakeme | Ukunikina ikhanda phezulu naphansi | Kufana nokunqekuzisa ikhanda lakho ukuze uthi "yebo." |
| Umsele ovundlile | Ukunikina ikhanda ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele | Kufana nokunikina ikhanda lakho ukuze uthi "cha." | |
| Umsele wangemuva | Ukutshekisa ikhanda eceleni | Kufana nokuthambekisa ikhanda lakho ehlombe. | |
| Izitho ze-Otolith Iqaphela ukunyakaza okuqondile. | I-Utricle | Ukunyakaza okuvundlile (phambili/emuva) | Ukunyakaza kwakuzwakala lapho ugibele imoto. |
| I-Saccule | Ukunyakaza okuqondile (phezulu/phansi) | Ukunyakaza okuzwayo uma ungena ekheshini. |
Kukhona okunye okukhethekile ngezitho ze-otolith. Zingamakristalu amancane e-calcium carbonate abizwa ngokuthi 'i-otoconia.' Lawa amakristalu amancane, afana ne-limestone. Afakwe entweni efana ne-jelly ehlala phezu kwamaseli ezinwele. Uma sihamba, lawa makristalu ahamba emuva naphambili ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi. Amaseli ezinwele abe esegoba futhi athumele izimpawu ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa makristalu amancane angaphuma futhi ahambe aye emiseleni eyindilinga, okungabangela isiyezi esikhulu kwabanye abantu.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simiso?
Kunezimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwalesi simiso esiyinkimbinkimbi. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.
- I-Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu ye-vertigo. Kwenzeka lapho i-otoconia, esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni, iphuma bese ingena endaweni engafanele. Izwakala njengesiyezi esinzima esihlala imizuzwana embalwa, ikakhulukazi lapho uguqa embhedeni noma lapho uhambisa ikhanda lakho phezulu naphansi.
- I-Vestibular Neuritis ne-Labyrinthitis:Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangela ukuvuvukala kwe-vestibular nerve noma indlebe yangaphakathi. Izimpawu zingaqala ngokuzumayo futhi zifaka phakathi isiyezi esinzima, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza okungahlala izinsuku eziningana. Ku-'Labyrinthitis', ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungase kwenzeke ngaphezu kwesiyezi.
- Isifo sikaMénière: Lokhu kubangelwa ukwanda kwengcindezi yoketshezi (i-endolymph) endlebeni yangaphakathi. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza okungazelelwe, ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), umuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
- I-Vestibular Migraines: Kwabanye abantu, isiyezi singaba uphawu oluvelele kakhulu kunekhanda elibuhlungu lapho beba nekhanda elibuhlungu.
- I-Mal de débarquement syndrome (MdDS): Lesi yisimo esingajwayelekile. Umuzwa wokuthi usantanta olwandle ngemuva kokuba usesikebheni noma emkhunjini futhi usufikile ogwini.
- Ukuzizwa Unesizungu Esiqhubekayo Sokubona Isimo Sengqondo (PPPD): Kulokhu, kuba nomuzwa oqhubekayo wokuzizwa unesizungu kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga? Izimpawu eziyinhloko
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezinkinga zesistimu ye-vestibular yisiyezi kanye ne-vertigo. Nakuba sisebenzisa la magama amabili ngokushintshana, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwalawa amabili.
Ukuzungeza umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungazinzi. Kungaba umuzwa wokungabi nangqondo, umuzwa wokuzungeza, noma umuzwa wokungahambi kahle.
I-Vertigo iyinto ehlukile. Kuwukukhohlisa kokunyakaza. Okusho ukuthi, umuzwa wokuthi uyajikeleza yize ungahambi, noma ukuthi izwe elikuzungezile lijikeleza ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezimbili, kungase kwenzeke nezinye izinto.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi kanye nobunzima bokuhamba
- Umbono ofiphele
- Ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus)
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Udokotela uluhlola kanjani lolu hlelo?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela. Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi akuhlole. Uma kudingeka, bangakuthumela kulezi zivivinyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Vestibular: Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezivivinyo eziningana. Lokhu kubheka kakhulu ukuthi amehlo akho kanye nohlelo lwakho lokulinganisela, olubizwa ngokuthi i-'VOR', kusebenza kahle kangakanani ndawonye.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana nokutheleleka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze i-CT noma i-MRI scan ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga zesakhiwo ebuchosheni noma endlebeni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuvuselelwa Kwemithambo (i-VRT): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuhilela "ukuqeqesha" ubuchopho bakho. Kuhilela ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile okufundisa ubuchopho ukuzivumelanisa nokungazinaki izimpawu ezingalungile ezivela ohlelweni lokulinganisela. Ezimweni ezifana ne-'BPPV', isazi se-physiotherapist singakusiza wenze 'izindlela zokushintsha indawo' ukuze ubuyisele amabhola asusiwe endaweni yawo.
- Imithi: Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, udokotela angase anikeze ama-antibiotic, kanye nemithi yokulawula isicanucanu kanye nesiyezi.
- Ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila: Ungase welulekwe ukuthi ugweme izinto ezithile ezikhulisa isiyezi (isib. usawoti omningi, i-caffeine, ukucindezeleka).
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa akudingeki ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu lapho kungekho okunye ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zendlebe yangaphakathi.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine lolu hlelo luphilile?
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kunzima ngathi ukuvimbela izinkinga eziningi ezivela ohlelweni lwe-vestibular. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu esingayenza ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho sibona noma yiziphi izimpawu futhi sifune iseluleko.
Ngoba, uma izinto ezifana nokutheleleka zingalashwa, zingadala umonakalo ongapheli kumaseli ezinwele athambile kakhulu, azwelayo ngaphakathi kwendlebe. Uma lawo maseli onakele, awakwazi ukukhula futhi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Ungakuthathi njengento elula ukuba nesiyezi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi, njengesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, uma uzwa isiyezi kanye nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokukhuluma, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho, noma ukuba ndikindiki engalweni noma emlenzeni, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlelo lwe-vestibular luhlelo lwezinzwa olutholakala endlebeni yangaphakathi olulawula ibhalansi yomzimba wakho.
- Isebenza namehlo akho kanye nemisipha yakho ukuze ikugcine uzinzile futhi ungawi.
- Isiyezi kanye ne-vertigo yizimpawu eziyinhloko zenkinga ngalolu hlelo. Lokhu okubili kuhlukile komunye nomunye.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi noma ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, ungazinaki futhi nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zezifo eziningi ze-vestibular, okuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca okuthile kanye nemithi. Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okungapheli.
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