Uke wezwa igama elithi "Herd Immunity" ngaphambili? Besilokhu silizwa leli gama kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Abanye abantu balibiza nangokuthi "herd immunity." Ngakho-ke wake wazibuza ukuthi lisho ukuthini ngamagama alula? Ungakhathazeki, yize lokhu kuyinto enkulu yesayensi, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngolimi lwethu.
Kuyini Ukungavikeleki Kwezinkomo?
Kalula nje, ukungavikeleki komhlambi kwenzeka lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu endaweni ethile ithole ukungavikeleki, okungukuthi, isivikelo, esifweni esithile.
Cabanga ngalokhu. Iningi labantu edolobhaneni lethu alinawo amandla okutheleleka yisimungumungwane. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe umuntu ovela ngaphandle uza edolobhaneni enesimungumungwane, amathuba okuba asakaze lesi sifo kwabanye mancane kakhulu. Kungani? Ngoba iningi labantu ababazungezile alitholi lesi sifo. Kufana nokuthi igciwane elibangela lesi sifo liphelelwa izindlela zokufika lapho. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, igciwane alinandawo yokusabalala, ngakho lesi sifo siyanyamalala kancane kancane emphakathini.
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi nakuba wonke umphakathi uvikelwe ngale ndlela, amaqembu asengozini angakwazi ukuthola amasosha omzimba ngesizathu esithile nawo athola isivikelo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Isibonelo, lokhu kunikeza isivikelo esikhulu kubantu abafana nezinsana ezincane, abantu abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib., iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abathola izitho zomzimba ezifakwe), kanye nabantu abangakwazi ukugonywa ngoba amathuba okuba lesi sifo sifike kubo anciphile.
Siyidala kanjani le nhlangano yokuzivikela ezifweni?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lokhu kuzivikela komhlambi okungavela ngazo.
1. Ukutheleleka Kwemvelo
Uma umuntu etheleleke ngegciwane noma igciwane, amasosha omzimba wethu aqala ukulwa nalo. Ukuze silwe nalokhu, umzimba wethu wenza into ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Ngemva kokuba ukugula sekwelaphekile, la ma-antibodies ahlala emizimbeni yethu. Uma igciwane elifanayo elabangela lesi sifo libuya emizimbeni yethu ngolunye usuku, umzimba wethu usebenzisa lawo ma-antibodies ukuze ulinqobe. Yile ndlela ukuqubuka kwegciwane iZika eBrazil okwalawulwa ngayo. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-63% abantu lapho base betheleleke ngegciwane, okuholela ekugomeni komhlambi.
2. Ngokugoma
Ukugoma kuyindlela ephephile nephumelela kakhulu yokwakha amasosha omzimba omhlambi. Lokho okwenziwa umjovo "ukukhohlisa" imizimba yethu ukuba icabange ukuthi sinesifo, ngaphandle kokusithola ngempela. Amasosha ethu omzimba abe esedala amasosha omzimba esiwakhulume ngawo ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke uma igciwane elibangela lesi sifo lingena emizimbeni yethu, imizimba yethu ikulungele ukulwa nalo. Uvendle wasuswa emazweni afana ne-United States ngenxa yamasosha omzimba omhlambi adalwe ngokugoma.
Umkhawulo Wokuzivikela Komhlambi kanye Nenani Le-R0
Akuzona zonke izifo ezidinga inani elifanayo labantu ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasosha omzimba womhlambi. Kuya ngokuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Isilinganiso salesi sivinini sibizwa ngokuthi i-R0 (R-naught) .
I-R0 ibhekisela enanini elijwayelekile labantu umuntu onesifo angabathelela emphakathini ongenawo amasosha omzimba. Ukuze inani le-R0 lande, futhi ukuze amasosha omzimba abe khona, iphesenti labantu abanamandla omzimba emphakathini kumele nalo likhuphuke kakhulu.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi, futhi lokhu kuzocaca kuwe.
| Isifo | Inani le-R0 (izinga lokudlulisela) | Amaphesenti adingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe umhlambi |
|---|---|---|
| Isimungumungwane | 12-18 (phezulu kakhulu) | Cishe ama-95% |
| Uvendle | 5-7 (okuphezulu) | Cishe u-80% |
| I-COVID-19 (uhlobo lokuqala) | Cishe 2-3 | Cishe 50% - 67% |
| I-COVID-19 (uhlobo lwe-Omicron) | Cishe ngo-15-21 (phezulu kakhulu) | Cishe 75% - 80% |
I-COVID-19 kanye nokungavikeleki komhlambi: Kungani lokhu kunzima kangaka?
Inselelo enkulu lapho ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luqala ngo-2019 ukuthi "lwalusha" noma "luyinoveli".Njengoba kuyigciwane. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu babengakaze batheleleke ngaleli gciwane ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, akekho emhlabeni wonke owayenokuzivikela kwemvelo kulo.
Ngisho noma izigidigidi zemithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 sezinikezwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi izigidi seziluleme kulesi sifo, asikakakwazi ukuzivikela ezifweni ze-COVID-19. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.
- Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo: Igciwane le-COVID-19 lihlala lishintshashintsha. Ungase ukhumbule izinhlobo ezifana ne -Delta ne -Omicron . Lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kunegciwane lokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani le-R0 lenyukile. Lokhu futhi kwandise iphesenti elidingekayo lokuzivikela komzimba womhlambi. Futhi, lezi zinguquko zinganciphisa isivikelo esinikezwa umuthi wokugoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokugoma kanye nezinkinga zokugoma: Nakuba imithi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 ibe yimpumelelo enkulu ekuvimbeleni ukugula okukhulu nokufa, abantu abambalwa abagonyiwe ukuze bathole amasosha omzimba okuvikela umhlambi. Abanye abantu abazange bakwazi ukuthola imithi yokugoma, abanye baye benqaba imithi yokugoma ngenxa yezizathu zabo siqu. Futhi, akuwona wonke umuntu othole imithi yokugoma edingekayo kanye nemithamo yokuqinisa ukuze athole isivikelo esiphezulu emthini wokugoma.
Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo emphakathini?
Uma kukhulunywa nge-COVID-19, ukugonywa nokuthola imijovo yokuqinisa ngesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela wena nabathandekayo bakho ekuguleni okungathi sína.
Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo:
- Goma ngesikhathi izifo ezikhona lapho kunomjovo wazo (isib. isimungumungwane, i-hepatitis A kanye ne-B, umkhuhlane).
- Ngaphakathi endlini, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi endlini, uma kunabantu abaningi ndawonye, vula amafasitela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umoya ungena kahle.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, futhi njalo. Uma ungenawo amandla okuhlanza izandla, sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla.
- Gcina njalo izindawo ezithintwa njalo (izibambo zeminyango, amakhibhodi, izilawuli ezikude) zihlanzekile.
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Lokhu kuzovimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni ezandleni zakho.
- Uma uzizwa ugula noma unezimpawu zesifo esithelelanayo, hlala ekhaya. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekusabalaliseni lesi sifo kwabanye.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukungavikeleki komhlambi kuyisivikelo somphakathi wonke, ikakhulukazi labo abasemaqenjini asengozini.
- Lokhu kungatholakala ngokwemvelo ngokungenwa yilesi sifo noma ngokugoma. Kodwa-ke, ukugoma kuyindlela ephephile nethembekile kakhulu yezifo eziningi.
- Ukuzivikela komzimba emhlambini kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngama-virus ashintshashintsha njalo, njenge-COVID-19. Ngakho-ke, ukuzivikela komuntu siqu, njengokugonywa kanye nokuzigcina ehlanzekile, kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemijovo okufanele uyithole wena noma umndeni wakho, noma eminye imibuzo ehlobene nalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ngakho.
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