Uke wezwa nge-"polio"? Mhlawumbe abazali bakho, ogogo nomkhulu, noma ogogo nomkhulu bakho bayathuthumela kancane lapho bezwa leli gama. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, i-polio yayiyisifo esibi esathusa umhlaba, sathatha izimpilo zezinkulungwane zezingane, futhi sakhubaza abanye abaningi impilo yabo yonke. Kodwa namuhla? Namuhla, asikhulumi kakhulu ngaso. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho umuthi wokugomela i-polio. Kodwa ingabe lesi sifo sesiqedwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni? Ake sixoxe ngaso.
Kalula nje, iyini i-polio?
I-polio isifinyezo segama elithi "Poliomyelitis." Ibangelwa igciwane. Igciwane lisakazeka kalula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangakagonywa. Uma umuntu ethola i-polio, kungenzeka angabi nazimpawu nhlobo, noma angase abe nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile.
Kodwa, okuyingozi kakhulu, inani elincane labantu lingagula kakhulu ngenxa yaleli gciwane. Lingabangela ukukhubazeka , futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Nakuba noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala ongakagonywa angathola i-polio, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 zisengozini enkulu.
Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi kusukela ngo-1988, inani lamacala e-polio emhlabeni liye lehla ngaphezu kuka-99%. Udumo oluphelele ngalokho luya emgomeni we-polio.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polio?
Yebo, izimo ezenzeka lapho igciwane le-polio lingena emzimbeni zihlukile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini. Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda lokhu, ngizokukhombisa etafuleni elifana naleli.
| Uhlobo lwe-polio | Incazelo kanye nezici eziyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Upholiyo Okhipha Isisu | Lolu uhlobo lwe-polio olulula nolungenangozi kakhulu. Luzwakala njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile. Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu besisu zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa bese ziyanyamalala. |
| I-Polio Engakhubazekile | Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, kungase kube nokuqina nobuhlungu entanyeni nasemhlane . Ngezinye izikhathi, isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-meningitis, okuwukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho, singavela futhi. |
| I-Paralytic Polio | Lesi yisigaba esiyingozi kakhulu nesesatshwayo se-polio. Igciwane lihlasela ubuchopho nomgogodla, lenze buthaka unomphela imisipha esiza ngengalo, umlenze, ngisho nokuphefumula. Yilokhu okubangela ukukhubazeka . |
| Isifo se-Post-polio | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Umuntu one-polio esemusha futhi oseluleme ngokugcwele angase aphinde abonakale izimpawu (ikakhulukazi ubuthakathaka bemisipha) eminyakeni eminingi kamuva . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-post-polio syndrome. |
Igciwane le-polio lidluliselwa kanjani lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye?
Igciwane le-polio lingena emizimbeni yethu ngomlomo . Leli gciwane lihlala emphinjeni nasemathunjini esiguli. Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko elisakazeka ngazo:
- Ngendle: Igciwane lichitheka endle yesiguli esinesifo sofuba. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokuphuza amanzi, ukudla ukudla, noma ukufaka izandla ezingcolile emlonyeni ezingcoliswe yilendle. Lena yindlela eyinhloko esisakazeka ngayo ezinganeni ezincane.
- Ngokukhwehlela nokuthimula: Lesi sifo singasakazeka nangokuphefumula amaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma umuntu engenazo izimpawu, angakwazi ukusabalalisa i-polio komunye umuntu uma enegciwane emzimbeni wakhe.
Khumbula: Izihlanzi-zandla ezisebenzisa utshwala azibulali igciwane le-polio. Ngakho-ke, ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele kuleli gciwane.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ezifana ne-polio, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokucophelela. Ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, bavame ukwenza okulandelayo:
1. Ukuhlola isampula yendle: Isampula yendle iyathathwa bese ihlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ukuthi igciwane le-polio likhona.
2. Ukuthatha isampula yomphimbo:Kuthathwa inani elincane le-throat swab bese lihlolwa.
3. Ukubhoboza Kwethambo: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, udokotela kungadingeka afake inalithi encane emgogodleni bese ethatha inani elincane loketshezi lomgogodla ukuze alihlole.
Ingabe ikhona ikhambi le-polio?
Leli iqiniso elibuhlungu sonke okudingeka silazi. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-polio okwamanje. Okusho ukuthi, akukho ukwelashwa kokuqeda igciwane emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke odokotela benzani? Bazama ukwenza isiguli sikhululeke futhi balawule imiphumela emibi yesifo. Izindlela zokwelapha lokhu yilezi:
- Izibulali-zinhlungu (isib. i-Ibuprofen)
- Iziphumuli zemisipha
- Ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuphuza uketshezi
- Ukuqinisa imisipha ngokwelashwa ngokomzimba
- Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, sebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula ukuze ukusize uphefumule.
- Uma ukhubazekile, sebenzisa izinsiza zokuhamba (izinsika zokubopha, isihlalo sabakhubazekile)
Isivikelo esihle kakhulu kulesi sifo esibulalayo - umuthi wokugomela ipholiyo!
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela esifweni esingenalo ikhambi ukusivimbela ngaphambi kokuba sivele. Isikhali esinamandla kakhulu esinaso ngokumelene ne-polio umjovo we-polio .
Lokho okwenziwa yilo muthi wokugomela ukuqeqesha imizimba yethu ukwenza ama-antibodies okulwa negciwane le-polio. Khona-ke, uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni, imizimba yethu izolibhubhisa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugomela i-polio:
- Umuthi Wokugomela I-Poliovirus Ongasebenzi (i-IPV): Lona umuthi wokugomela osetshenziswa njengamanje emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka. Unikezwa njengomjovo odlula enalitini . Uphephile kakhulu futhi unikeza isivikelo esingu-99% uma yonke imithamo enqunyiwe ithathwa.
- Umuthi Wokugomela Uvendle Omlomo (i-OPV): Lona umuthi wokugomela omlomo owawunikezwa ezweni lakithi ngaphambilini. Uyasebenza kakhulu, kodwa awuvamile, futhi kunengozi yokusabalala kovendle ngalo muthi wokugomela, ngakho amazwe athuthukile manje aseshintshele kumuthi wokugomela i-IPV.
Ishejuli yokugoma
Ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka, yonke ingane inikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-polio mahhala. Uhlelo lumi kanje:
- Uma unezinyanga ezimbili ubudala
- Uma unezinyanga ezine ubudala
- Uma unezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
- Uma unezinyanga ezingu-18 ubudala
- Ngineminyaka emi-5
Ingabe udinga umuthi wokugoma njengomuntu omdala?
Uma uke wayithola yonke le mithi yokugoma useyingane, usavikelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma uya ezweni lapho kusekhona khona i-polio (isib. iPakistan, i-Afghanistan), khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umthamo owengeziwe (umjovo wokuphakamisa).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uvendle yisifo esibi esibangelwa igciwane elingabangela ukukhubazeka noma ngisho nokufa.
- Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okwamanje okungase kwelaphe lesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kuhloselwe ukulawula izimpawu kuphela.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuzivikela ku-polio ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-polio.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola yonke imithamo efanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Lona umthwalo wakho wemfanelo.
- Igciwane le-polio alibulawa yizihlanzi zotshwala, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo.
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enemibuzo mayelana nokugonywa, khuluma ngokukhululekile ngakho nodokotela womndeni wakho.
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