Sonke siyazi umuzwa wokulindela, ilukuluku, ngisho nokwesaba okuncane okuhambisana nokuthola umbiko wakho we-mammogram. Uma uthola umbiko wakho, ungase ukhathazeke nakakhulu uma ubona amagama ezokwelapha kuwo, ikakhulukazi inombolo ethi `BI-RADS`. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Akusikho wena wedwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kalula ngokuthi iyini i-`BI-RADS` nokuthi ithini ngempilo yakho.
Kuyini i-BI-RADS?
Kalula nje, i-`BI-RADS` isifinyezo se-`Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System`. Empeleni lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa odokotela emhlabeni wonke. Lusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-mammogram. Okusho ukuthi, lesi sibalo se-`BI-RADS`` sisiza udokotela ukuba abe nombono ocacile wokuthi i-X-ray yamabele akho ibonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza noma cha.
Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, umbiko wakho uzothola inani elisukela ku-0 kuya ku-6. Lokho okushiwo yilelo nalelo nani yilokho esizokuhlola manje.
| Isikolo se-BI-RADS | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Inani 0 | Imiphumela ayiphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiphetho esicacile asikwazi ukutholwa nge-mammogram. Udokotela angase ancome ukuthi siqhathaniswe ne-mammogram yangaphambilini noma enze olunye uhlolo, njengokuskena nge-ultrasound. |
| Inani 1 | Umphumela omubi. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu! Azikho izigaxa noma izinguquko ezisolisayo emabeleni akho. Uyalulekwa ukuthi uqhubeke nokwenza ama-mammogram ngezikhathi ezithile. |
| Inani 2 | Isimo esingesihle. Kutholakale ukuthi uneqhubu elingenalo umdlavuza, elingenangozi (njenge-fibroadenoma) noma ama-calcium deposits (i-calcifications) ebeleni lakho. Asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka ngalokhu.Qhubeka nokuthola ama-mammogram ngezikhathi zakho ezijwayelekile ezihleliwe. |
| Inani 3 | Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza aphansi kakhulu. Kutholakale iqhubu lapha, kodwa kunethuba elingu-98% lokuthi alinawo umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, udokotela ufuna ukuqaphela kancane ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke, uzokutshela ukuthi wenze enye i-mammogram ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, ukuze abone ukuthi iqhubu selishintshile yini. |
| Inani 4 | Isimo esisolisayo. Ushintsho oluvezwe lapha lunethuba lokuba nomdlavuza. Ungakhathazeki, ukuthi 'kunethuba' akusho ukuthi 'umdlavuza'. Kodwa-ke, udokotela uzoncoma ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa lokhu. |
| Inani 5 | Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza aphezulu kakhulu. Uma leli nani litholakala, kunethuba elingaphezu kuka-95% lokuthi liyingozi ngokusekelwe ekubukekeni kwe-mammogram. I-biopsy nakanjani yenziwa ukuqinisekisa lokhu. |
| Inani 6 | Umdlavuza oqinisekisiwe. Leli nani linikezwa umuntu osevele ehlolwe i-biopsy futhi okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unomdlavuza. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-mammogram ukuhlola isimo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa noma ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi noma ngabe amaphuzu e-BI-RADS angu-4 noma angu-5, kusho ukuthi kukhona 'ukusola'. Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.
Ake sifunde futhi nge-mammogram kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mammogram
Empeleni lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okwenzelwe ngqo amabele. Uma phambi komshini we-X-ray bese ubeka elinye lamabele akho endaweni eyisicaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ucindezela ibele lakho ngobumnene kusuka phezulu ngomunye ubuso. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze izicubu zebele zibe ncane futhi noma yiziphi izinguquko ebeleni zibonakale ngokucacile ku-X-ray.
Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile, ungakhululeki, ngisho nobuhlungu obuncane ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kuvamile. Uma uhlangothi olulodwa seluqediwe, elinye ibele lihlolwa ngendlela efanayo. Ibele lakho lingase libe buhlungu kancane noma lithambe ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Udokotela we-X-ray uhlola lezi zithombe ze-X-ray bese enquma amaphuzu e-'BI-RADS'. Nguye othumela lo mbiko kudokotela wakho.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy
Uma amaphuzu akho e-BI-RADS esolisayo, njengo-4 noma u-5, into elandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese uyihlola elabhorethri. Lena yindlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma cha.
Ngaphezu kwe-mammogram esolisayo, kunezinye izimo eziningana lapho udokotela wakho angase atuse khona i-biopsy:
- Kuthiwani uma udokotela ethola iqhubu esandleni sakho ngesikhathi ehlola ibele lakho?
- Uma kukhona okusolisayo okubonwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.
- Uma kutholakala indawo esolisayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-MRI.
- Uma unezinguquko ezingavamile engonweni yakho (isib., ukugoba, ukugoba, noma ukuphuma kwamanzi).
Uma umdlavuza uqinisekisiwe, iyiphi indlela yokwelapha?
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wezifo zomdlavuza bazonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation inganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlinzwa:
- Ukususwa kwe-Lumpectomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa kuphela isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa umdlavuza omncane, osesigabeni sokuqala.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususwa kwebele lonke. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ususe womabili amabele (i-double mastectomy).
Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (umdlavuza webele osakazekile), lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ekhethekile ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ewavimba ukuba akhule. Le mithi inganikezwa njengomjovo ngemithambo yegazi (ngomjovo) noma njengamaphilisi/uketshezi oluthathayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-BI-RADS uhlelo lokubika olujwayelekile olunikeza udokotela wakho umbono ocacile wemiphumela ye-mammogram yakho.
- Isilinganiso se-BI-RADS esingu-1 noma 2 sisho ukuthi akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Kuyisimo esivamile noma esingenangozi.
- Ungakhathazeki uma uthola amaphuzu e-BI-RADS angu-0, 3, 4, noma 5. Kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukunakwa. Akuyona indlela eqondile yokuthola 'umdlavuza.'
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kuphela okunganquma ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umdlavuza noma cha.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngombiko owutholile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile. Uzokuchazela konke.
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