Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele noma udidekile lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile ezenzeka njengoba sikhula noma ngoba sisebenza kanzima kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu ezincane, kungase kube nenkinga yempilo okudingeka siyinake. Enye yezinkinga ezinjalo isifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Siyini Isifo Se-Heart Valve?
Kalula nje, lesi yisimo lapho i-valve eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enhliziyweni yethu ingasebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yethu njengendlu encane enamakamelo amane. Phakathi kwala makamelo kuneminyango emine esiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Leyo minyango ibizwa ngokuthi ama-valve .
Uma inhliziyo ishaya, le valve iyavuleka futhi ivaleke, njengomnyango.
- Le valve iyavuleka uma igazi lidinga ukugeleza phambili.
- Lokhu kuyavaleka uma igazi lidinga ukuyeka ukugeleza libuyela emuva.
Uma le nqubo ingasebenzi kahle, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Uma ingelashwa, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezinhle ezitholakalayo namuhla. Lawa ma-valve angalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zesimanje, noma kungafakwa entsha.
Kunezivalo ezine eziyinhloko enhliziyweni yethu:
- I-valve ye-mitral: Phakathi kwe-atrium yesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele.
- I-valve ye-Tricuspid: Phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
- I-valve ye-aorta: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele ne-aorta.
- Ivalvu yamaphaphu: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesokudla nomthambo wamaphaphu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo zama-valve?
Izinkinga zama-valve zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ofanayo angaba nezinkinga ezingaphezu kweyodwa yalezi zinhlobo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Igama lesimo | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| I-Stenosis | Amapheshana e-valve aba makhulu, aqine, futhi awavuli kahle. Njengomnyango ogqwalile. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhala lapho igazi ligeleza khona. Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze isunduze igazi phambili. |
| Ukubuyela emtholampilo | Ama-valve flaps awavali kahle, okuvumela igazi ukuthi livuze emuva. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-valve evuzayo." Kufana nomoya ophuma ngomnyango ongavaliwe, futhi igazi livuza emuva. Lokhu kubangela inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kanzima kabili. |
| Ukwehla kwesisindo | Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu i-valve ye-mitral. Ngenxa yokuthi amapheshana e-valve anwebeka kakhulu, ayagoqeka emuva, aye ngase-atrium yangakwesobunxele, lapho inhliziyo ishaya. Lokhu akunangozi kubantu abaningi, kodwa kwabanye kungabangela ukuphinda kuqhume. |
| I-Atresia | Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa. I-valve yenhliziyo eyakheka ngaphandle kokuvula ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala odokotela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. |
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-valve?
Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-valve ababonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela njengoba inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo singaba khona emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezibonwayo yilezi:
- Ukukhathala: Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuqala olubonayo. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kancane.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya (i-dyspnea): Ukuphelelwa umoya kuyanda, ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca, ukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi onzima.
- Izinguquko endleleni inhliziyo yakho eshaya ngayo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo): Ungase uzizwe sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, kube nomuzwa "wokushaya" esifubeni sakho, noma ungase uzizwe sengathi ishaya kanye bese ima.
- Ukuvuvukala komzimba (i-Edema): Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni, emilenzeni, noma esiswini.
- Ubuthakathaka noma isiyezi: Ungase uzizwe unesiyezi, njengokungathi uvele wasukuma ngokuzumayo.
- Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba ngokuzumayo.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ungase ube nomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni sakho, ikakhulukazi uma wenza umsebenzi onzima.
Kungani lezi zinhlobo zezifo zama-valve zenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?
Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo alimale. Ezinye izinto esingazilawula, ezinye azinjalo.
- Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic: Isimo esenzeka lapho ukutheleleka komphimbo (strep throat) kungelashwa ebuntwaneni. Lokhu kungalimaza ama-valve enhliziyo. Lokhu kuyimbangela evamile ezweni lakithi.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nakho kungathinta ukusebenza kwama-valve.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawulwa isikhathi eside ungalimaza inhliziyo.
- Izinkinga zokuzalwa: Abanye abantu bazalwa benesici se-valve.
- I-valve iba buthaka ngokuguga: Njengoba siguga, ukufakwa kwe-calcium (i-calcification) ezicutshini zama-valve kungaziqinisa futhi kuziqede amandla.
- I-endocarditis ethelelanayo: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okuvela kwenye indawo emzimbeni okuhamba ngegazi futhi kulimaze ama-valve enhliziyo.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Ezinye izifo, njenge-lupus kanye ne-Marfan syndrome, zingalimaza nama-valve.
Izinto ezandisa ingozi
- Ukusetshenziswa kogwayi.
- Ukudla okungenampilo.
- Ukungazivocavoci.
- Ukuba nezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.
- Ukuguga.
Udokotela usithola kanjani isifo se-valve?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuxilonga. Uma ulalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, uma uzwa umsindo ongavamile ngaphezu kwemisindo evamile yenhliziyo, "ukububula kwenhliziyo," kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ye-valve. Bazophinde bafune izinto ezifana noketshezi emaphashini kanye nokuvuvukala emilenzeni.
Ngemva kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo nokunquma ubukhali baso.
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Kwenzekani nje? |
|---|---|
| I-Echocardiogram | Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Njengokuskena isisu sikamama okhulelwe, kufakwa umshini ebusweni besifuba bese inhliziyo ishaya, ama-valve avuleke futhi avaleke, bese igazi ligeleza njengevidiyo. |
| I-Trans-esophageal Echo (TEE) | Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwe-echo, kodwa ithubhu elincane elinedivayisi yokuskena lifakwa nge-esophagus bese libekwa eduze kakhulu nenhliziyo. Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile zama-valve enhliziyo. |
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | Ukuhlolwa okuqopha ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubeka izitikha ezincane esifubeni nasemalungeni. |
| I-X-ray yesifuba | I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ikhulisiwe noma amaphaphu agcwele uketshezi. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Ipayipi elincane kakhulu lidluliselwa ngemithambo engalweni noma emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni, kufakwe into ekhethekile, bese kuhlolwa umsebenzi wemithambo yenhliziyo nama-valve enhliziyo kusetshenziswa ividiyo ye-X-ray. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-angiogram. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo se-valve onayo, ubukhali baso, ubudala bakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
1. Imithi
Imithi ayikwazi ukubuyisa umonakalo we-valve. Kodwa-ke, ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni, nokuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yokulawula izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia).
2. Ukuhlinzwa
Uma izimpawu zinkulu noma inhliziyo yonakele, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Ukulungiswa Kwevalvu:Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukukhetha kokuqala kodokotela ukulungisa nokwakha kabusha ivalvu yakho ngoba kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka, kuqeda isidingo semithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yonke, futhi kulondoloza ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Ukushintsha Amavalvu: Uma ivalvu yonakele kakhulu, iyasuswa bese kufakwa ivalvu entsha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zala mavalvu amasha:
- Ama-Mechanical Valves: Lawa ahlala njalo, kodwa uma esefakiwe, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-blood thinner impilo yakho yonke.
- Ama-valve Ezinto Eziphilayo/Ezicubu: Lawa enziwe ngezicubu zenhliziyo zezilwane (zengulube noma zenkomo). Awadingi imithi yokunciphisa igazi isikhathi eside, kodwa angawohloka ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10-15, kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuphindaphindiwe.
Kulezi zinsuku, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane (ukuhlinzwa okungenasidingo) ngaphandle kokususa ngokuphelele ibele. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uphila nesifo se-valve
Ukuba nesifo se-valve kusho ukuthi udinga ukucabanga kakhudlwana ngempilo yakho.
- Bona udokotela wakho njalo: Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, hamba uyohlolwa njengoba kuhlelwe udokotela wakho. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo se-valve ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinguquko.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Ingozi yakho enkulu ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo okubizwa ngokuthi i-infective endocarditis . Vimbela lokhu ngokuthi:
- Nakekela kahle amazinyo akho kanye nempilo yezinsini. Hlanza amazinyo akho kahle nsuku zonke.
- Tshela udokotela wakho wamazinyo nanoma yimuphi omunye udokotela ukuthi unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo.
- Buza udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uma udinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokukhipha izinyo noma olunye ukuhlinzwa okuncane.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Gwema ukubhema, yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, futhi uvivinye umzimba njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu?
Uma izimpawu zakho (umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze) ziba zimbi noma zenzeka njalo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-valve, iya ku-ETU (i-Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha noma ushayele ku-1990.
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni.
- Ukuphefumula kanzima okungaphefumuli ngisho noma uphumule.
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo sikhuphuka ngaphezu kokushaya okungu-150 ngomzuzu.
- Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda.
- Ukukhwehlela igazi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukukhathala okungavamile, nobuhlungu besifuba njengokujwayelekile. Kungaba uphawu lwesifo se-valvular.
- Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo yisimo esingelashwa ngempumelelo kulezi zinsuku. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba.
- Hamba uyohlolwa njalo futhi uyohlolwa njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela inhliziyo yakho.
- Izinguquko ezincane zendlela yokuphila (ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuyeka ukubhema) zingenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yenhliziyo yakho.
- Uma unesifo se-valvular, tshela bonke odokotela bakho, kuhlanganise nodokotela wamazinyo, ngaso. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
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