So wo nso wo hwene mu mogya tu? (Epistaxis) Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, momma yɛnhwehwɛ eyi ho asɛm!

So mogya afi ase retu wo hwene mu mpofirim? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka kakra wɔ mmere a ɛtete saa mu. Nanso mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ biribi a anibere wom. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka saa hwene mu mogya yi, anaasɛ wɔfrɛ no aduruyɛ mu sɛ `(Epistaxis)`, ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri.

Dɛn ne hwene mu mogya (Epistaxis)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Epistaxis)` yɛ mogya a ɛretu afi ntini a ɛwɔ wo hwene mu no mu. Eyi betumi afi hwene tokuru biako mu aba, ɛtɔ mmere bi a efi abien no nyinaa mu. Nanso mpɛn pii no, mogya no fi hwene tokuru biako mu.

Wunim, yɛn hwene mu no, mogya ntini nketenkete pii wɔ hɔ. Eyinom na ɛboa ma mframa a yɛhome no yɛ hyew, ɛde nsu ka ho, na ɛde kɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Nanso mogya ntini yi bɛn honam ani a ɛwɔ hwene no mu no yiye. Enti, sɛ mframa fa hwene no mu a, mogya ntini yi wow na ɛda adi sɛ ebepira. Ɛno na mogya no fi ase.

Susuw ho hwɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnipa du biara mu bɛyɛ baanum anya hwene mu mogya pɛnkoro wɔ wɔn asetra mu. Mpɛn pii no, eyinom yɛ nneɛma nketenkete a wobetumi asa wɔ fie. Nanso, sɛ mogya no mu yɛ duru yiye , anaasɛ worefe anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ eye sɛ wobɛkɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara .

Dɛn ne hwene mu mogya ahorow atitiriw?

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ eyi mu atitiriw abien, na egyina baabi a mogya no fi so.

Mogya a Ɛba Hwene mu wɔ Anim

Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛtaa ba . Mogya no fi ase wɔ hwene no anim, ɔfasu a ɛtetew hwene abien no mu (a wɔsan frɛ no `(septum)`) no ase. Mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛwɔ saa beae yi no yɛ mmerɛw yiye, enti ɛnyɛ den sɛ ebetumi abubu na mogya atu. Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ tebea a emu yɛ den na wobetumi asa wɔ fie.

Akyi Hwene mu Mogya a Ɛba

Saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi ba hwene no mu tɔnn. Mogya no fi mogya ntini akɛse a ɛbɛn menewa no mu. Eyi betumi ayɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse, na mogya no nso tumi sen fa menewa no mu. Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara .

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ sɛ hwene mu mogya. Nanso, sɛ wo hwene mu mogya tu wɔ w’akyi a, mogya no bi betumi afa wo menewam akɔ wo yafunu mu. Eyi betumi ama wo menewa akyi ayɛ dɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ama woate nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo (e.g. ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so , ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa , akisikuru) ka wo hwene mu mogya ho a, ebetumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Dɛn nti na mogya fi hwene biako pɛ mu? Anaasɛ efi abien no nyinaa mu?

Mpɛn pii no, mogya fi hwene tokuru biako mu, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi afi abien no nyinaa mu aba prɛko pɛ. Nneɛma pii nti na hwene mu mogya tu. Nea eye ne sɛ, wɔn mu dodow no ara nyɛ aniberesɛm.

Ntease ahorow a ɛtaa ba

• Mframa a ɛyɛ nwunu: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba . Titiriw no, .
• Wɔ mmeae a wim yɛ hyew na ɛhɔ yɛ nwini.
• Wɔ mmeae a ɛboro po so akyirikyiri.
• Wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew wɔ dan mu.

Mframa a ɛyɛ nwunu betumi ama ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ hwene no mu no ayow, ayɛ kurukuruwa, na apaapae. Eyi betumi ama mogya atɔ wo bere a worepaw wo hwene anaa woreguare no.

• Nneɛma afoforo a ɛtaa de ba:
• Hwene a wɔtetew (titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu).
• Opira a ɛba hwene ne/anaasɛ anim.
• Sɛ́ wobɛnya septum a ayera wɔ hwene no mu.
• Fefe a wɔtaa , ɔfe, ne mogya a ɛba hwene mu esiane ɔhome akwaa a ɛwɔ soro anaasɛ sinus mu yare nti.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew anaasɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ akisikuru.
• Nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu a wɔtaa de di dwuma (e.g. antihistamines , decongestants). Eyinom betumi ama anom ntini no ayow.
• Nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw a wɔnom (sɛ nhwɛso no, aspirin , NSAIDs ( nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw ), warfarin ).
• Nnuru a efi nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, adwumam wusiw, anaa hua afoforo a ano yɛ den mu a wɔhome.
• Nnuru a wɔde anom (e.g. cocaine) a wɔde di dwuma.

Ntease ahorow a enti ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nea ɛba fam kakra

• Nsã a wɔnom.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua mu (e.g. hemophilia, von Willebrand yare).
• Mogya mmoroso.
• Ntini no afasu a ɛyɛ den (Atherosclerosis).
• Anim ne hwene mu oprehyɛn.
• Anom akisikuru.
• Anom ntini a ɛyɛ polyps.
• Ntini mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛso tew esiane nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nti (Immune thrombocytopenia).
• Mogya mu kokoram `(Leukemia)`.
• Hemorrhagic telangiectasia a wonya fi awo mu yɛ mogya ntini mu yare a wonya fi awo mu.
• Nyinsɛn a wɔde di dwuma.

Dɛn nti na me hwene mu mogya tu bere a mada no?

Nea ɛde hwene mu mogya tu bere a ɔda no te sɛ nea ɛba awiabere no. Nneɛma te sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew, akisikuru, ne ɔhome a ɛwɔ soro no mu nyarewa betumi asɛe hwene no mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no. Afei nso, sɛ woda a woadan wo ti akɔ nkyɛn a, ebetumi de nhyɛso aba hwene no so tẽẽ, na ama mogya atɔ wo hwene mu anadwo.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obenya eyi? (Nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba) .

Obiara betumi anya hwene mu mogya. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnipa dodow no ara anya bi pɛnkoro wɔ wɔn asetra mu. Nanso ɛda adi sɛ nnipa binom benya bi.

• Mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 2 kosi 10: Mframa a ɛyɛ nwunu, atiridiinini, akisikuru, ne nsateaa ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔde bɛhyɛ wɔn hwene mu no betumi ama mmofra ataa akɔ hwene mu mogya.
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi fi mfe 45 kosi 80: Bere a worebɛn mfe 50 no, bere a wo mogya tu no betumi akɔ soro. Ɛda adi nso sɛ wubenya mogya mmoroso, ntini a ɛyɛ den (atherosclerosis), anaa mogya a ɛtwetwe mu haw wɔ saa mfe yi mu.
• Mmea a wɔyem: Wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, mogya ntini a ɛwɔ hwene no mu no trɛw, na ɛde nhyɛso kɛse ba mogya ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ hwene no mu no so.
• Nnipa a wɔnom nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw: Nnuru te sɛ aspirin ne warfarin ka eyi ho.
• Nnipa a mogya ntumi nkɔ nipadua no mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, hemophilia ne von Willebrand yare.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ hwene mu mogya ho?

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wohaw wo ho kakra bere a wuhu sɛ mogya fi wo hwene mu reba no, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm. Wubetumi adi ho dwuma wɔ fie. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ :

• Sɛ wo hwene mu mogya taa tu a .
• Sɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne (mmerɛwyɛ, adwenemhaw, ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so, awɔw a wobɛte nka, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, wo honam ani yɛ fitaa).
• Sɛ wufi ase nya mogya wɔ hwene mu bere a woafi aduru foforo ase a .
• Sɛ wowɔ hwene mu mogya ne akuru a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa so – abien no nyinaa bom a – ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne, te sɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe (hemophilia anaa von Willebrand yare), mogya mu kokoram (leukemia), anaa hwene mu akisikuru.

Sɛ wo ba no nni mfe 2 na mogya retu ne hwene mu a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne mmofra oduruyɛfo bɛkasa. Ɛmfa ho mfe dodow a wo ba adi no, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛka hwene mu mogya no ho asɛm wɔ wɔn aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a edi hɔ no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi?

Oduruyɛfo bi bebisa wo nsɛm kakraa bi afa wo hwene mu mogya ho:

• Mogya a ɛtɔe no dii bere tenten ahe (wɔ simma kakraa bi mu)?
• Bɛyɛ sɛ mogya dodow ahe na ɛyerae?
• Mpɛn ahe na wo hwene mu mogya tu?
• So mogya no fi hwene tokuru biako mu anaa abien no nyinaa mu?

Afei nso, wɔte eyi nso sɛ:

• Nnuru ahorow a wonom (a nea ɛka ho ne nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw te sɛ aspirin, nnuru a wɔde sa atiridii/akisikuru, ne nea ɛkeka ho) .
• So obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ nyarewa a efi mogya mu?
• Nsã ne/anaasɛ nnuru a wɔde home a wɔde di dwuma.

Afei, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo hwene mu ahwɛ baabi a mogya no fi ne nea ɛde ba. Wɔde adwinnade ketewa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``speculum`` bedi dwuma de abue hwene no mu na wɔde hann ahorow anaa ``endoscope`` (tube teateaa a mfoninitwa afiri wom) ahwɛ hwene no mu.

Oduruyɛfo no betumi de nnuru ahyɛ hwene no mu de ayɛ hwene no mu ayɛ mmerɛw na ama mogya ntini no ayɛ mmerɛw. Obetumi nso ayi mogya a atɔ ne akisikuru biara a ɛwɔ hwene no mu no afi hɔ. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra, nanso ɛnyɛ yaw.

Ɛntaa mma sɛ, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ X-ray, CT scan, anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mfa nhwɛ sɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe, mogya ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so, anaa akisikuru wɔ hwene mu anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa eyi?

Asare a wɔde sa hwene mu mogya no gyina nea ɛde mogya no ba so. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ehia ma wo tebea no mu. Ayaresa a wɔde sa `(Epistaxis)` betumi ayɛ:

• Anom a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma: Oduruyɛfo no de gauze, hwene mu sponge anaa foam soronko bi, anaa latex balloon a wɔde mframa gu mu gu hwene no mu na ama nhyɛso aba baabi a mogya no fi no. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ oduruyɛfo no yi eyi fi hɔ bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 24-48.
• Ɔhyew: Wɔde nnuru (dwetɛ nitrate) anaa ɔhyew (electrocautery) di dwuma de siw mogya ntini no ano. Ansa na eyi bɛba no, oduruyɛfo no de aduru bi a ɛma obi ho dwiriw no petepete hwene no mu.
• Nnuru a wobɛsesa/san akyerɛw ama obi: Nnuru a ɛma mogya tu a wobɛtew so – anaasɛ wubegyae – betumi aboa. Ebia wubehia nnuru nso na ama woatumi asiw wo mogya mmoroso so. Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkyerɛw aduru bi te sɛ tranexamic acid (Lysteda®), a ɛboa ma wo mogya tu.
• Ade foforo a wobeyi afi hɔ: Sɛ biribi a akɔhyɛ hwene no mu na ɛde hwene mu mogya no ba a, oduruyɛfo no beyi afi hɔ.
• Oprehyɛn: Wobetumi ayɛ oprehyɛn de asiesie hwene a abubu anaasɛ wɔasiesie septum a ayera (septoplasty).
• Ligation: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no kyekyere mogya ntini a ɛrema mogya no agyae no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw hwene mu mogya ano wɔ fie?

Di anammɔn yi akyi na ama woagyae mogya a ɛba wo hwene mu:

• Yɛ komm, fa w’anom home.
• Tena ase tẽẽ, dan wo ti kɔ w’anim kakra (mma wo ti nkɔ akyi, efisɛ eyi betumi ama mogya akɔ wo menewam).
• Fa wo nsateaa kɛse ne wo nsateaa a wode kyerɛ ade no twitwiw wo hwene no fã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔ hwene no atifi pɛɛ) no.
• Twɛn kosi sɛ mogya no begyae. Fa ntama anaa ntama a ɛyɛ nwini popa mogya no.

Mpɛn pii no, ofie hwɛ dɔɔso. Nanso, mogya a ɛba hwene mu no bi hia ayaresabea ayaresa. Wɔ tebea horow yi mu no, wo ne obi kɔ baabi a ɛbɛn wo a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara, anaa frɛ 1990:

• Sɛ wuntumi nsiw mogya no ano bere a woakura wo hwene mu simma 15-20 mpo a.
• Sɛ mogya dɔɔso (boro kuruwa 1) a.
• Sɛ worenom nnuru a ɛma mogya tu (te sɛ aspirin anaa warfarin), anaasɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛtwetwe mogya, na mogya no nnyae a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a.
• Sɛ womene mogya na wuntumi nnyae ɔfe a.
• Sɛ wo hwene fi ase mogya tu bere a woabɔ wo ti anaasɛ woapira kɛse (ahwe ase, kar akwanhyia, abɔ denneennen wɔ w’anim/hwene mu) akyi a.

So ɛnyɛ hwee sɛ wobɛnom nsu bere a mogya atɔ wo hwene mu awie no?

Yiw, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nsu pii bere a mogya atɔ wo hwene mu awie no. Nsu ne nnuaba mu nsu a caffeine nnim no ye. Sɛ mogya tu wo hwene mu wie a, mogya no bi tumi fa wo menewam na ɛkɔ wo yafunu mu. Eyi betumi ama woate nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw. Nanso nsu a wɔnom no renka hwene mu mogya no.

So wubetumi awu esiane mogya a etu wo hwene mu nti?

Mogya a ɛtɔ fi hwene no atifi anaa hwene no mu tɔnn no betumi ayɛ den sɛ wobedi so. Nanso, owu a efi hwene mu mogya mu no ho yɛ na.

Dɛn na wobetumi ayɛ de asiw hwene mu mogya ano?

Nneɛma bi a ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw hwene mu mogya ano ni:

• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo hwene mu akwan no bɛkɔ so ayɛ nwini no, fa nkyene a wɔde petepete hwene mu anaasɛ nkyene a wɔde petepete hwene mu gu hwene mu tokuru biara mu mprenu anaa mprɛnsa da biara. Wobetumi atɔ eyinom wɔ nnurutɔnbea anaasɛ wɔayɛ wɔ fie.
• Fa nsuo ka mframa no ho denam ade a ɛma nsuo yɛ nwini a wode bɛka wo fononoo ho, anaasɛ fa afiri a ɛma nsuo yɛ nwini a wode bɛto wo mpa mu anadwo no so.
• Fa cotton bud fa hwene mu gel anaa ngo (te sɛ `Bacitracin®`, `Vaseline®` anaa `Ayr Gel®`) gu wo hwene mu. Mfa kotoku no nhyɛ wo hwene mu a ɛboro nsateakwaa 1/4. Saa gel ne srade yi wɔ nnurutɔnbea dodow no ara.
• Mmɔ wo hwene denneennen.
• Ma w’ano mmue bere a worefefe no. Fefe kɔ ntini bi anaa wo nsateaa mu bere nyinaa.
• Mfa biribiara a ɛyɛ den, a wo nsateaa ka ho, nhyɛ wo hwene mu.
• To nnuru a ebetumi ama mogya a ɛbɛtɔ kɛse (te sɛ aspirin ne ibuprofen) a wode bedi dwuma no ano hye. Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ansa na woayɛ nsakrae biara wɔ wo nnuru mu. Eyi ho hia titiriw ma nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma te sɛ warfarin (Coumadin®) ne nnuru a ɛnyɛ steroid a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa (NSAIDs).
• Sɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wode nnuru a wɔtɔn wɔ aduruyɛdan mu anaasɛ wɔkyerɛw ma wo bedi wo hwene mu akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wode nnuru a wɔtɔn wɔ aduruyɛdan mu redi dwuma a, di akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ krataa no so no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wɔde di dwuma boro so a, ebetumi ama mogya atɔ ne hwene mu.
• Gyae sigaretnom. Sigaretnom ma wo hwene wow na ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew.
• Hyɛ ntade a ɛbɔ wo ho ban sɛ woreyɛ nneɛma a ebetumi apira w’anim ne wo hwene a.

Kyerɛkyerɛ wo ba no sɛ ɔnkwati mogya a ɛbɛtɔ ne hwene mu na ɔmfa biribiara nhyɛ ne hwene mu. Ɛyɛ adwene pa nso sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn nnadewa ayɛ tiaa. Wo mmofra oduruyɛfo betumi ama wo afotu pii.

So ɛyɛ nea ɛfata sɛ mogya tu bere a wo hwene mu mogya tu no?

Aane. Mogya a ɛtwetwe no yɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe a ɛba bere a mogya ntini bi apira no. Sɛ mogya ntini bi sɛe a, mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu na ama mogya a ɛretu dodo no agyae. Sɛ wobɔ wo hwene mu na ama mogya a ɛretu wo hwene mu no agyae a, mogya a ɛretu no fi ase yɛ. Ɛtaa tra hɔ kosi sɛ wubeyi anaasɛ wobɛbɔ wo hwene.

Dɛn nti na me hwene mu mogya tu bere nyinaa?

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia wo hwene mu mogya taa tu. Eyi betumi aka hwene mu tokuru biako anaa n’abien nyinaa. Nneɛma a ɛtaa de ba ne:

• Nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu a wɔtaa de di dwuma ma akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaa atiridii/anom a ɛyɛ den.
• Mframa a ɛwɔ baabi a wote no yɛ nwunu.
• Nnuru a wɔde hua fa hwene mu.

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wugyae aduru a wɔde petepete so no a wode bedi dwuma no kakra anaasɛ wogyae koraa. Sɛ wode saa nneɛma yi redi dwuma a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa.

Ɛntaa mma sɛ mogya a wɔtaa tu fi hwene mu (epistaxis) betumi ayɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe anaa tebea foforo a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ wo hwene mu mogya taa tu a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Epistaxis, anaa hwene mu mogya a ɛba no yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a abu so nanso ɛyɛ ahometew kakra. Sɛ wusua sɛnea wubegyae mogya a ɛretu wo hwene mu ntɛmntɛm a, wubetumi asan ayɛ nea na woreyɛ ansa na ɛrefi ase no ntɛm. Epistaxis ho nsɛm dodow no ara nyɛ nea anibere wom. Nanso sɛ mogya taa tu wo hwene mu anaa sɛ mogya tu wo yare a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so yiye ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara.