Hena ne awo ho oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom mu? Momma yɛnhwehwɛ biribiara mu!

Sɛ woanyinsɛn anaasɛ worehwɛ akokoaa kwan nnansa yi ara a, ebia woate nsɛmfua ‘nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom’. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu kakra nka bere a wote biribi a ɛte saa no. Ebia wobɛhaw wo ho sɛ, "Dɛn na ɛbɛto me ne me ba no?" Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo! Nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw paa wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de ɔhwɛ soronko ama wo ne wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu na wɔaboa. Oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔte saa no mu biako ne ‘perinatologist’ . Nnipa binom nso frɛ wɔn ‘ɛna ne awotwaa mu aduruyɛ (MFM) ho abenfo ’. Wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka onii ko a saa ɔbenfo yi yɛ, nea ɔyɛ, ne sɛnea wubetumi anya mmoa afi ne hɔ ho asɛm.

Hena ne Perinatologist? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Perinatologist yɛ Obstetrician-Gynecologist (OBGYN) . Nanso wanya ntetee titiriw a ɛsen awo ho oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ daa. Wunim nea enti a ɛte saa? Wɔhwɛ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom mu pɔtee na wɔsa . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɛna no anaa akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no mu biara wɔ akwahosan ho haw bi a, wɔatete nnuruyɛfo yi ma wɔahwɛ wɔn baanu nyinaa yiye wɔ nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu, bere a wɔrewo no, ne bere a wɔawo no akyi.

Fa no sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu yare bi a enni sabea a na wowɔ ansa na worenyinsɛn. Afei ebia ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi te sɛ eyi nkyɛn bere a woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wubenyinsɛn, anaasɛ mpo wɔ wo nyinsɛn no mfiase no. Anaasɛ, sɛ tebea foforo bi sɔre wɔ nyinsɛn mu a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na wɔhwɛ no a, ɛnde ebia wubehia mmoa a efi awo ho oduruyɛfo hɔ nso. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi ba sɛ akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa no mu no wɔ awo mu yare anaa awo mu yare bi , saa animdefo yi nso betumi ahwehwɛ mu.

Enti, dɛn ankasa na oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi yɛ?

Awo ho ɔyaresafo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ɛnanom ne nkokoaa a wɔwɔ nsɛnnennen wɔ nyinsɛn, awo, anaa awo akyi no hwɛ mu . Wɔsa tebea horow a na ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw ne tebea foforo a ɛba bere a wɔyem no nso. Wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ mmea a wɔyem ayaresa, akwahosan ho haw ahorow a wohu wɔ wɔn nkokoaa mu, ne wɔn a wodi ho dwuma mu.

Awo ho ɔyaresafo titiriw boa ma wɔyɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Afotu a wɔde ma ansa na wanyinsɛn:Sɛ wowɔ akwahosan tebea bi a woadi kan anya a ebetumi de nsɛnnennen aba bere a woanyinsɛn no a, wobedi kan atu wo fo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare , mogya mmoroso , anaa komayare a, ɛho hia sɛ wosusuw eyinom ho ansa na woanyinsɛn.
• Ɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ no daa ansa na wɔawo ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom ho: Sɛ wo nyinsɛn no yɛ nea asiane kɛse wom a, ebia wubehia nhwehwɛmu pii ne oduruyɛfo a wobɛkɔ akɔsra wo mpɛn pii sen nyinsɛn a ɛyɛ daa. Saa oduruyɛfo titiriw yi bɛyɛ eyinom nyinaa ho nhyehyɛe.
• Akwahosan tebea horow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw anaa foforo a ɛna a onyinsɛn no di ho dwuma: Sɛ ɛna bi tebea a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu yɛ den wɔ nyinsɛn mu, anaasɛ tebea foforo bi ba (e.g., nyinsɛn mu asikreyare , preeclampsia ) a, wɔsa.
• Ultrasound anaa nhwehwɛmu afoforo a wɔde bedi dwuma de ahu awosu mu nyarewa anaa awo mu dɛmdi: Wobetumi ayɛ scan titiriw ne awosu mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu sɛ akokoaa no wɔ nyarewa bi a wonya fi awo mu anaa. Wobetumi nso ama wo nsɛm a emu da hɔ a ɛfa sɛnea tebea pɔtee bi bɛka akokoaa no ho.
• Sɛ ɛho hia a, awo a wɔbɛboa: Wɔ nsɛm bi a emu yɛ den mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw yi de ne ho hyɛ mu bere a wɔrewo mpo .
• Awo akyi nsɛnnennen a wobedi ho dwuma: Sɛ ɛna no nya nsɛnnennen biara (sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya a ɛtɔ dodo) wɔ awo akyi a , wɔsa ɛnonom nso.

Dɛn ne ‘Nyinsɛn a Asiane Kɛse’? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro ampa?

Sɛ wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ wo nyinsɛn no yɛ ‘asiane kɛse’ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wuhia ɔhwɛ ne ahwɛyiye kɛse na ama woatumi ahwɛ ahu sɛ nyinsɛn ne awo no bɛkɔ yiye. Nsuro sɛ wobɛbisa wo ho sɛ, "So biribi asɛe wɔ me ba no ho?" anaasɛ "So me nyinsɛn no yɛ asiane ampa?"

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara: Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ ‘asiane kɛse’ no nkyerɛ bere nyinaa sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ akokoaa no ho anaasɛ wo nyinsɛn no yɛ nea asiane wom. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ wɔrehwɛ wo ne wo ba no yiye efisɛ asiane a ɛkɔ soro sen sɛnea ɛte daa wɔ hɔ sɛ ɔhaw bi bɛba. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ yiye kakra bere a worekɔ akwantu bi a ɛho hia mu no.

Nneɛma bi a ebetumi ama wanyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom ni:

• Ɛnanom mfe a ɛkɔ soro: Titiriw sɛ wɔadi boro mfe 40 a.
• Nyinsɛn pii:Ɛne sɛ, sɛ nkokoaa boro biako wɔ awotwaa no mu, te sɛ mmanoma anaa mma abiɛsa a.
• Esiane sɛ na wadi kan atu nyinsɛn anaasɛ wɔawo mmofra a wɔawuwu nti.
• Awosu mu nyarewa a obi wɔ wɔ abusua no mu.
• Sɛ́ wanya nsɛnnennen wɔ nyinsɛn a atwam no mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ preeclampsia , awo a ɛba ntɛm, anaa nyinsɛn mu asikreyare .
• Wowɔ akwahosan tebea a emu yɛ den: nneɛma te sɛ komayare, asikreyare , mogya mmoroso, dwensɔtwaa mu yare a ɛyɛ hyew, anaasɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa.

Dɛn nti na wɔde me rekɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Wo awo ne mmea ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN) betumi de wo akɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wo nyinsɛn no yɛ nea asiane kɛse wom, anaasɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no wɔ aduruyɛ mu haw a emu yɛ den anaasɛ awo mu tebea bi a.

Mpɛn pii no, awo ho animdefo a wɔhwɛ awo nyinaa tumi di nsɛnnennen nketenkete a ɛba bere a wɔyem no ho dwuma (sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya mmoroso a wɔhwɛ so yiye, nyinsɛn mu asikreyare ). Nanso, sɛ tebea no mu yɛ den, anaasɛ ɛboro awo ho oduruyɛfo nyinaa nimdeɛ so a, wɔde wo bɛkɔ ɛna ne awotwaa mu aduruyɛ ho ɔbenfo bi nkyɛn, a wɔfrɛ no awo ho oduruyɛfo. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, awo ho animdefo nso ne awo ho oduruyɛfo bi besusuw ho ama wɔanya adwene a ɛto so abien.

Ebia wubehu ansa na woanyinsɛn sɛ wo nyinsɛn no bɛyɛ nea asiane kɛse wom. Sɛ ɛba saa a, wubetumi ne oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi ahyia ansa na woanyinsɛn. Wɔ tebea afoforo mu no, nyinsɛn betumi ama akwahosan ho tebea bi asɔre mpofirim.

Nneɛma bi a enti ebia wo awo ho oduruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ni:

• Ayaresa mu tebea horow a na ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw: te sɛ komayare, lupus , anaa asikreyare .
• Mogya mmoroso a emu yɛ den anaasɛ preeclampsia.
• Sɛ asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ awo ansa na bere aso.
• Sɛ wowɔ komayare, akisikuru, anaa asaabo mu haw ho abakɔsɛm a.
• Sɛ woayi nyinsɛn agu mpɛn pii anaasɛ woawo a wɔawuwu a.
• Sɛ wowɔ nea ɛnteɛ a efi nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe ansa na wɔawo wo mu aba a.
• Sɛ worehwɛ kwan sɛ wobɛwo mpɛn pii, te sɛ mmanoma anaa mma mmiɛnsa a.

Sɛ wowo akokoaa wie a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi sɛ mogya tu wo dodo wɔ wo awotwaa mu, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa akwahosan mu nsɛnnennen afoforo a.

Tebea horow bɛn na awo ho oduruyɛfo sa?

Awo ho animdefo boa ma wɔsa nyarewa a enni sabea a wowɔ na ebetumi aka wo nyinsɛn anaa wo ba no. Tebea horow yi bi ne:

• Asikyireyareɛ
• Mogya mmoroso
• Mogya a ɛtɔ ne mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua mu ho haw ahorow
• Koma mu yare
• Asaabo mu yare
• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa (sɛ nhwɛso no, lupus) .
• Awosu mu nyarewa , sɛ nhwɛso no , cystic fibrosis anaa sickle cell yare .

Afei nso, sɛ woanya nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom anaasɛ ɛyɛ den bere bi a atwam a, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi. Nsɛnnennen a efi nyinsɛn a atwam mu ba ho nhwɛso ne:

• Awo a ɛba ntɛm anaasɛ ntini a ɛpaapae ntɛm.
• Nyinsɛn a wotu gu anaasɛ awo a wɔawuwu.
• Awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto.
• Nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu anaa awosu mu nyarewa.
• Sɛ nhwɛso no , awotwaa mu nyarewa , awotwaa a ɛpaapae anaasɛ awotwaa a edi kan .

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda awo ne mmea ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN) ne awo ho oduruyɛfo ntam?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a nnipa pii wɔ. Awo ho oduruyɛfo nso yɛ awo ne mmea ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN). Nanso, wɔanya mfe abien kosi abiɛsa ntetee titiriw foforo (fellowship) wɔ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom mu. Saa ntetee yi kyerɛkyerɛ wɔn sɛnea wɔbɛsa aduruyɛ ne oprehyɛn mu haw ahorow a emu yɛ den a ɛsɔre bere a wɔyem no ho dwuma kɔ akyiri, ne sɛnea wobehu tebea horow te sɛ awosu mu nyarewa a ɛwɔ akokoaa (akokoaa) mu na wɔadi ho dwuma.

Esiane sɛ wokɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wo hwɛfo titiriw. Mpɛn pii no, wo nyinsɛn hwɛbea no bɛfa wo awo ho oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo nyinaa so (OBGYN) ne awo ho oduruyɛfo nyinaa ho. Wo awo ho oduruyɛfo na obesi mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ho gyinae. Ebia oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi no de ne ho bɛhyɛ wo nyinsɛn ne awo no afã horow pii mu. Anaasɛ, ebia wubehu wɔn pɛnkoro anaa mprenu pɛ wɔ wo nyinsɛn mu.

So ‘Maternal-Fetal Medicine’ ne ‘Perinatologist’ yɛ ade koro?

Aane! Saa edin abien yi nyinaa kyerɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw koro.Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ́ ebia wobɛfrɛ no ‘Maternal-Fetal Medicine specialist’ anaa ‘Perinatologist’ no, wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔhwɛ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom anaa ayaresa tebea horow a emu yɛ den bere a wɔyem no.

Bere tenten ahe na egye na obi abɛyɛ awo ho ɔyaresafo?

Eyi yɛ papa sɛ wubehu, ɛnte saa? Perinatology yɛ Awo ne Mmea Ho Adesua ho adesua titiriw ketewaa bi. Sɛ wobɛyɛ awo ho ɔyaresafo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan nya bachelor’s degree na afei wokɔ aduruyɛ sukuu. Bere a wode mfe anan atete wo wɔ awo ne mmea ho adesua mu akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie mfe abien kosi abiɛsa foforo fekubɔ ntetee wɔ awo ho. Ɛyɛ ntetee titiriw yi mu na wusua sɛnea wɔsa nyinsɛn mu nsɛnnennen ne sɛnea nyarewa ka ɔbea a onyinsɛn ne akokoaa no kɔ akyiri.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan wɔ wo bere a edi kan a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi no?

Eyi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina nea enti a wɔde wo kɔɔ awo ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ne wo tebea no so. Mpɛn pii no, nea edi kan a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ no bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wobɛfa w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm , anaasɛ wobɛka w’ayaresa tebea ne sɛnea ebetumi aka wo nyinsɛn no ho asɛm.

Wo ba no ho ɔyaresafo betumi atu wo fo wɔ awosu mu tebea biara anaa awo mu tebea biara a ebia wo ba no betumi anya ho, na obetumi asusuw ayaresa ko a wo ba no behia wɔ awo akyi nso ho. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, awo ho oduruyɛfo nso bɛyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, ultrasound scans , awotwaa mu nhwehwɛmu, ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo de ahu tebea bi.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan sɛ wo awo ho ɔyaresafo no ne wo awo ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN) ne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo a wɔwɔ wo hwɛ kuw no mu bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ wo nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu ne bere a worewo no. Ebia wɔne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo ho oduruyɛfo anaa mmofra oduruyɛfo nso bɛyɛ adwuma .

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na awo ho oduruyɛfo yɛ?

Awo ho animdefo yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow de hu awosu mu tebea horow ne nyarewa ahorow bere a wɔyem no. Ebi ne:

• Ultrasound nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom betumi ayɛ mfonini a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nyinaa, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Kyerɛ tebea horow bi a ɛwɔ ɛna no mu ne ebia akokoaa no mu.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo: Wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ awosu mu tebea bi anaa.
• Amniocentesis: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa amniotic nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no mu kakraa bi na wɔasɔ ahwɛ.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobegye ntini ketewaa bi afi awotwaa no mu na wɔasɔ ahwɛ.

So awo ho animdefo awo nkokoaa? So wɔyɛ oprehyɛn?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yiw. Egyina w’ayaresa tebea ne nsɛnnennen biara a ebetumi aba so. Mpɛn pii no, wo awo ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN) na ɔbɛwo akokoaa no. Nanso, ebia oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi bɛba dan a wɔde awo no mu sɛ ɛho hia a.

Wo awo ho oduruyɛfo-mmea ho ɔyaresafo no na ɔbɛhwɛ wo hwɛ dodow no ara so. Wɔne wo nyinsɛn ho oduruyɛfo bɛka w’ahiade ahorow a ɛfa wo nyinsɛn, awo, ne ayaresa tebea horow a ɛfa ho ho asɛm.

Awo ho animdefo yɛ oprehyɛn titiriw bi . Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Oprehyɛn a ɛyɛ den a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn (C-sections) .
• Cervical Cerclage (aduru a wɔde hyɛ awotwaa no mu den sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw a) .
• Hysterectomy a Wɔyɛ no Ntɛmntɛm

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie firi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Awo ho animdefo yɛ animdefo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ nyinsɛn a asiane kɛse wom anaa nea ɛyɛ den mu. Sɛ wɔde wo kɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ awo akyi a, ebetumi ayɛ hu kakra. Nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw kɛse bi wɔ wo nyinsɛn no mu. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ w'aduruyɛfo kuw no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma wo ne wo ba no ɔhwɛ a eye sen biara na ɛfata sen biara .

Kae: Fa ahofadi ne wo awo ho oduruyɛfo (OBGYN) ne awo ho oduruyɛfo bɛkasa afa nsɛmmisa, dadwen, anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ ho. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa wɔn nsɛm. Ɛho hia sɛ wunya wo tebea ne ayaresa ho ntease a emu da hɔ. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo. Ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ hɔ, na nnuruyɛfo kuw bi a wɔfata wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛboa wo.

`Perinatologist, Nyinsɛn a Asiane Kɛse, Ɛna ne Awotwaa Aduruyɛ, Nyinsɛn Hwɛ, Awo Ho Ɔbenfo, Awotwaa Akwahosan, Ɔbenfo