So wo anaa wo ba wɔ ADHD? Momma yensua sɔhwɛ yi (ADHD Screening) ho ade!

So wo anaa wo ba no wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ aso tie asɛm, sɛ ɔnyɛ aso, anaa ɔbɛyɛ ade ntɛm ara? Sɛ saa a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ADHD Nhwehwɛmu. Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ ADHD Nhwehwɛmu. Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu sɛ wowɔ ADHD anaa.

Nea edi kan koraa no, dɛn ne ADHD?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ADHD gyina hɔ ma Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛne yɛn amemene no nkɔso wɔ abusuabɔ. Ɛtaa fi ase wɔ mmofraase. Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔfrɛ nnipa a wonni ‘Hyperactivity’ su nanso wontumi ntra baabi biako no ADD (Attention-Deficit Disorder). Nanso seesei wobu no nso sɛ ADHD bi.

Obi a ɔwɔ ADHD betumi anya ɔhaw nketenkete wɔ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Impulsivity: Nneɛma a wobɛyɛ mpofirim a wunsusuw ho.
• Adeyɛ a ɛboro so: Nea wontumi ntra baabi biako, a wotu mmirika di akɔneaba bere nyinaa na wohuruw.
• Adwene a ɛtwetwe adwene: Sɛ́ wobɛma w’adwene ansi nneɛma nketenkete mpo so, na ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode w’adwene besi adwuma a woreyɛ no so.
• Akwankyerɛ akyi a ɛyɛ den: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubetie akwankyerɛ na woadi akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Adwuma bi a ɛyɛ den sɛ wubewie: Adwuma bi a wubefi ase nanso wuntumi nwie na wogyae fã.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ ADHD nhwehwɛmu?

Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi bere a ɔwofo, ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo, anaa abofra no oduruyɛfo hu nsakrae bi wɔ abofra no nneyɛe mu no. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ ɛte sɛ nea abofra no nneyɛe retwitware sukuu dwumadi anaa sukuu dwumadi mu a.

Mpɛn pii no, wodi kan hu ADHD wɔ mmofraase, na ɛno nti na mmofra nnuruyɛfo taa bisa awofo ne akyerɛkyerɛfo sɛnea wɔn ba no yɛ n’ade wɔ fie ne sukuu mu no.

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo ba no nneyɛe mu, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne sɛ ɔpanyin a, wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo akasa na woanya nhwehwɛmu yi. Aduru biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa ADHD de besi nnɛ. Nanso, sɛ wohu tebea yi ntɛm a, wubetumi anya ayaresa ne afotu a ɛho hia na ama asetra ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Efisɛ saa tebea yi nso betumi de adesua mu dɛmdi ne suban mu haw ahorow aba.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ama wɔayɛ me ba no nhwehwɛmu sɛ ɔwɔ ADHD?

Ɛsɛ sɛ ade a edi kan a woyɛ ne sɛ wo ne wo ba no mmofra oduruyɛfo bɛkasa, titiriw sɛ ɛhaw wo sɛ:

• Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo ba no sɛ ɔbɛma n’adwene akɔ so, atra baabi biako, na wadi nea ɔyɛ no ntɛm so.
• Saa nneyɛe yi nya abofra no fie ne sukuu adwuma so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi reka wo ba no adesua a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ frɛ sukuu no na srɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ adesua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ka adesua anaa suban mu nsɛnnennen biara a wo ba no betumi anya ho asɛm pɔtee sɛnea wubetumi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ nkyerɛwde anaa nɔma a wɔsesa, akyerɛw a ɛyɛ den, ne nea ɛkeka ho.

Sɛnea mmara kyerɛ no, sukuu ahorow betumi ahwehwɛ mmofra a wɔadi fi mfe 3 kosi 21 mu ahwɛ sɛ wɔwɔ adesua mu dɛmdi anaa. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi yɛ nea wontua hwee.

So sɔhwɛ yi ma mmofra nkutoo? So ɛwɔ hɔ ma mpanyimfo nso?

Dabi, wobetumi asɔ mpanyimfo ahwɛ na wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ ADHD wɔ mfe biara mu. Nokwarem no, mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 4% na wɔwɔ ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi wɔ hɔ fi mmofraase, nanso ebia wɔanhu da. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wowɔ ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma.

Eyi nyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ anammɔn biako pɛ. Nnuruyɛfo di anammɔn pii akyi de hu tebea yi, na wɔde akwankyerɛ ahorow a efi American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TRTM) mu di dwuma.

ADHD ho nhwehwɛmu no wɔ anammɔn atitiriw abiɛsa:

1. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wobehu: Nea edi kan no, hu sɛ ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa ADHD ho, ne sɛ ebia saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no resiw da biara da dwumadi ahorow kwan anaa.

2. Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba a yɛayi afi mu: Yɛhwehwɛ nneɛma afoforo a ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ nna ho haw, asetra mu haw, ne adwenemhaw betumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi aba.

3. Tebea afoforo a yebehu (Comorbidity): Yɛhwehwɛ tebea afoforo a ɛne ADHD bom tra, te sɛ adesua mu dɛmdi, dadwen, adwene mu dɛmdi, anaa adwene mu haw.

Bere a wɔreyɛ ADHD nhwehwɛmu no, wubetumi ahwɛ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu, nipadua, anaa ntini mu nkɔso mu nhwehwɛmu de hu sɛ ebia ADHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (adwene a wɔde si biribi so, nneɛma a wɔyɛ boro so, nea wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm) wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Nsɛmmisa ne nsɛm a wɔboaboa ano:Wɔde nsɛmmisa nkrataa pɔtee (rating scales) ne nsɛm afoforo a wonya fi mu di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ abofra no anaa wo du gyinapɛn gyinapɛn ahorow ho anaa.
• Nsɛmbisa: Abofra no nneyɛe ho asɛm a wobebisa wɔ mmeae ahorow, te sɛ fie ne sukuu mu.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nnuruyɛfo ahu ADHD no, wɔhwɛ nneɛma yi pɔtee.

So tebea afoforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛte sɛ ADHD?

Aane. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu ADHD pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛho behia sɛ ɔpow tebea afoforo a ebetumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi aba no. Tebea afoforo bi a wobetumi adi mfomso aka sɛ ɛyɛ ADHD ni.

Dɛn na ɛba ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no ne bere a wɔawie no?

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiesie wɔn ho ama sɔhwɛ no?

Sɛ wokɔ sɔhwɛ no a, fa nnuru a wo anaa wo ba nom mprempren nyinaa ho kyerɛwtohɔ bra. Afei nso, siesie wo ho sɛ wobɛbua nsɛmmisa a ɛfa abusua akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, ankorankoro akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, sukuu anaa adwuma mu nkɔsoɔ, ne suban ho. Siesie wo ho fɛfɛɛfɛ, efisɛ ebia wɔbɛyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu nso.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

• Nsɛmmisa ho mmuaema: Ɛho behia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo no kasa fa wo anaa wo ba no akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ne nneyɛe ho.
• Nsɛmmisa bi:Wubetumi ama wɔahyehyɛ nsɛmmisa kratasin biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Wubetumi nso ama abusuafo, nnamfo, anaa akyerɛkyerɛfo ahyehyɛ nsɛmmisa kratasin.
• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no nyinaa de yi aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo fi hɔ.
• Abofra no a wobɛhwɛ no: Sɛ wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no wɔ wo ba no so a, oduruyɛfo no ne abofra no benya bere kakra ahwɛ wɔn nneyɛe.

Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ no gye?

Mpɛn pii no ADHD nhwehwɛmu gye nnɔnhwerew biako kosi abiɛsa . Nanso, nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ betumi agye bere tenten efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no boaboa nsɛm ano fi mmeae pii (awofo, akyerɛkyerɛfo). Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama wɔahu tebea afoforo a, ebetumi agye nna anaa adapɛn pii mpo.

Dɛn ne nea efi mu ba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Esiane sɛ ADHD nhwehwɛmu yɛ adeyɛ a ɛfa nneɛma pii ho nti, nea efi mu ba no betumi ayɛ soronko. Ebia wobehu sɛ wo anaa wo ba no anya tebea foforo te sɛ dadwen anaa adwenemhaw, sen sɛ wobenya ADHD.

Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no du ADHD ho gyinapɛn ahorow ho a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wowɔ ADHD ahorow atitiriw anan no mu biako:

• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type: Wɔn a wɔda hyperactive/impulsive su ahorow adi anyɛ yiye koraa no asram 6, nanso wontumi nhu sɛ "wɔnnyɛ ahwɛyiye."
• Predominantly inattentive type: Kan no na wɔfrɛ no ADD, na eyi yɛ obi a anyɛ yiye koraa no wanya adwene mu haw ahorow asram 6 nanso wɔanhu sɛ ɔyɛ hyperactive/impulsive.
• Ɔkwan a wɔaka abom: Wɔn a wɔda ADHD sɛnkyerɛnne abien no nyinaa adi (wɔn ani nnye ho yiye na wɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛboro so) anyɛ yiye koraa no asram 6. Mmofra a wɔwɔ ADHD no mu dodow no ara hwe ase wɔ saa ɔkwan yi mu.
• ADHD afoforo a wɔakyerɛ/wɔankyerɛ: Nnipa a wɔwɔ adwene mu haw ahorow nanso wonnnu gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn ADHD ho nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ nyinaa.

Bere tenten a egye na wɔanya nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no gyina nhwehwɛmu dodow a oduruyɛfo no yɛ bio ansa na wahu sɛ ɔwɔ yare no so. Wubetumi ahu eyi ho nsɛm pii denam wo duruyɛfo a wubebisa wo no so.

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo anaasɛ wo ho yeraw wo sɛ wobɛyɛ ADHD ho nhwehwɛmu a, kae sɛ eyi yɛ tebea a wobetumi asa a nnipa pii wɔ. Sɛ wunya yare no ho nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa a ɛfata a, ebetumi ama w’asetra atu mpɔn kɛse. Enti sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo anaa wo ba wɔ ADHD a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa nnɛ. Wɔwɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa.