So w’ahurututu ho asɛm haw wo? Momma yensua Black Lung Disease ho ade!

Yɛn nyinaa nim sɛ nnwuma bi wɔ asiane nketenkete. Nanso nnwuma bi wɔ hɔ, a asiane a ɛwɔ mu no nyɛ nea wohu, na ɛda adi bere tiaa bi akyi. Yare a ɛte saa no mu biako ne "black lung disease". Nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a wotu fango titiriw na wɔtaa nya tebea yi. Eyi nyɛ yare a ɛba mpofirim, nanso nkakrankakra ɛda adi.

Dɛn ne Black Lung Disease?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum yɛ tebea a ɛma ahurututu no ho yɛ hyew na ɛyɛ akuru esiane mfutuma nketenkete a wohu wɔ fango a wotu mu a wɔhome nti. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ no ``Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis''. Fa no sɛ, sɛ yɛhome a, mfutuma nketenkete yi hyɛn yɛn ahurututu mu. Sɛ mfutuma yi boaboa ano bere kɔ so a, efi ase sɛe ahurututu no. Sɛnea kuru ketewaa bi gyaw akuru no, saa mfutuma yi nso ma akuru (`(fibrosis)`) ba ahurututu no mu. Eyi na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.

Sɛ wufi antweri so hwe ase a, wote nka ntɛm ara. Nanso saa ahurututu mu yare tuntum yi nte saa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi mfe pii wɔ fango mfutuma a wɔhome akyi. Nanso sɛnea saa mfutuma nketenkete no sɛe ahurututu no nyɛ ade ketewaa bi.

Ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Saa yare yi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, na egyina bere tenten a wode yɛɛ adwuma wɔ fango a wotu ne mfutuma dodow a wohome so. Wɔn baanu nyinaa ma ɔhome mu yɛ den.

1. Simple Black Lung Disease: Eyi ne bere a nsensanee nketenkete tuntum ba w’ahurututu mu. Sɛ wohwɛ X-ray anaa CT scan a, ɛte sɛ nsensanee nketenkete tuntum. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ, fa wo nnuru no yiye, kwati sɛ wobɛkɔ fango mfutuma mu bio, na woayɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ne ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Dodow a wokyere tebea a ɛnyɛ den yi ntɛm no, dodow no ara na eye ma wo. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔhwɛ wo daa no.

2. Ahurututu Tuntum Yare a Ɛyɛ Den: Wɔ eyi mu no, akuru a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no trɛw kɛse na ebetumi atrɛw akɔ ahurututu no fã kɛse bi. Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsa akuru yi koraa de, nanso ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wo ho akyere wo no so atew. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ saa tebea yi `(Progressive Massive Fibrosis)`.

Saa yare yi abu so dɛn?

Ahurututu mu yareɛ a ɛyɛ tuntum yɛ ahurututu mu yareɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no ``interstitial lung disease''. Saa ``ahurututu mu yare a ɛwɔ ntam'' yi yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi. Nanso, abibifo ahurututu mu yare ba wɔn a wotu fango nkutoo mu. Wɔn mu no, yare yi abu so kakra. Ɛwom sɛ wɔahu mfe du du pii sɛ fango mfutuma na ɛde saa yare yi ba de, nanso fango a wotu no mu bɛyɛ 16% da so ara wɔ saa yare yi. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, ɔha biara mu nkyem yi renya nkɔanim.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ebia wubefi ase ate nka wɔ fango mfutuma mu mfe pii akyi. Ebia mfiase no worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso sɛ obi nya saa tebea yi (Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis) a, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ kɛse nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a ɛkyerɛ ne sɛ:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo koko mu ayɛ wo den.
• Ɛbɛyɛ den bere a woreteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu anaa woreyɛ adwuma a emu yɛ den no.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den. Ebia afei wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw bere mpo a woreyɛ nnwuma a ɛfata a kan no na wobɔ mmɔden biara no.
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ ɔfe. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nsu tuntum betumi aka ɔfe yi ho.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo reyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu a, ebia obehu sɛ abɛn anaa krak nnyigyei bi wɔ wo moma so bere a worehome no. Ɛwom sɛ ebia wuntumi mfi abɔnten nhu sɛ wowɔ ahurututu tuntum de, nanso nhwehwɛmu te sɛ X-ray betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛ ɛyɛ ahurututu tuntum anaa ahurututu mu yare foforo denam nsɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu a wobɛhwɛ so.

Dɛn na ɛde saa nsensanee tuntum yi ba ahurututu no so?

Yɛrentumi nhu mfutuma nketenkete a yɛhome no nyinaa Nanso mfutuma nketenkete a ɛwɔ fango a wotu mu yi kura carbon . Afei nso, egyina baabi a woyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔbotan no mu ne ɔbotan ko a woretu no so no, ebia ade bi a wɔfrɛ no silica nso wɔ mfutuma yi mu .

Sɛ wohome fango mfutuma a, mfutuma nketenkete yi kɔ w’ahurututu mu tɔnn. Yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu eyinom sɛ "nneɛma a ɛyɛ ahɔho." Enti, nhyehyɛe no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ebeyi saa nneɛma nketenkete yi afi hɔ. Saa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa yi na ɛma ahurututu no hohoro na ɛyɛ akuru, na awiei koraa no ɛde ahurututu mu yare tuntum ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba.

So w’ahurututu dan tuntum bere a wonom wii no?

Biribiara a wobɛnom no nyɛ papa mma w’ahurututu. Ɛnfa ho sɛ ɛyɛ wii (anaasɛ wii), sigaret, sigaret, nea ɛte biara. Sɛ wonom sigaret a, wohome nneɛma nketenkete a awuduru, nneɛma a ɛhyɛ ahurututu mu abufuw, ne nneɛma a ɛma obi nya kokoram wom.

Sigaretnom betumi asɛe w’ahurututu. Ɛsan nso ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔhome mu haw ahorow te sɛ ɔfe a enni sabea, ahurututu mu yare, COPD (ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea), ne ahurututu mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Nanso, sigaretnom mma Fango Adwumayɛfo Pneumoconiosis mma. Fango nkutoo na ɛde ahurututu mu yare pɔtee yi ba.

So vaping ma w’ahurututu yɛ tuntum?

Te sɛ sigaretnom no, vaping sɛe ahurututu no, nanso ɛmma ahurututu tuntum mma. Nanso, vaping (ne sigaretnom) betumi ama ahurututu tuntum ho sɛnkyerɛnne no asɛe kɛse.

Nanso vaping de n’ankasa asiane ahorow ba. Sɛ woreyɛ vape a, wode `vape pen` (a wɔsan frɛ no `e-cigarette`) yɛ nsuo bi hyew ma ɛyɛ `vapor` na wohome (ɛbɛtumi ayɛ tawa, wii, anaa biribi foforɔ). Sɛ woreyɛ vape a, nneɛma nketenkete a wohome no nso kanyan nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa wɔ w’ahurututu mu. Nanso wɔmfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum. Ebetumi ama akuru aba ahurututu mu, akwaa asɛe, ne tebea a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no `(EVALI)` (e-sigaret anaa vaping-associated lung injury).

So abibifo ahurututu mu yare tumi de nnipa kɔ nnipa mu?

Dabi, abibifo ahurututu mu yare ntumi nkɔ nnipa mu. Worentumi nnye mfi obi foforo hɔ, na saa ara nso na wuntumi nnye mfi obi foforo hɔ. Na ɛnyɛ ``genetic`` yare. Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so anya ahurututu mu yare tuntum ne sɛ wobetu fango.

So mmoawa anaa mmoawa bi na ɛde eyi ba?

Ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woyare ahurututu mu yare tuntum de, nanso ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde ba. Sɛnea wo nipadua yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ ananafo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa ho no, saa ara na mfutuma nketenkete a wohome wɔ fango a wotu no mu no ma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma. Mfiase no, ebia saa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa yi bɛma woate nka sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini anaa atiridiinini.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛde abibifo ahurututu mu yare ba?

Tebea afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a emu yɛ den (nsɛnnennen) a ebetumi aba esiane yare yi nti:

• Nsanyare (TB) .
• Koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye
• Ahurututu mu kokoram

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu Fango Adwumayɛfo Pneumoconiosis?

Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome a, wo duruyɛfo bebisa w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ne w’adwuma ho abakɔsɛm. Wɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔbɛkra nso sɛ wɔnyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu tebea yi?

Sɛ wo koko X-ray anaa kɔmputa so mfoninitwa (CT scan) kyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ ahurututu tuntum a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii (ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu) na ama woahu sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho hia na ama woahu sɛnea ahurututu tuntum aka w’ahurututu. Wo nnuruyɛfo kuw no betumi ahwɛ saa susuw ahorow yi akyiri yi ahwɛ sɛ ebia ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma anaasɛ wo tebea no reyɛ kɛse anaa.

Wo nnuruyɛ kuw no nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no "arterial blood gas" de ahwɛ sɛ oxygen dodow sua anaa. Sɛ wɔresusuw wo ho sɛ wobɛtua wo ka wɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum ho a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi mprenu: pɛnkoro bere a wote hɔ dinn na woregye w’ahome, ne pɛnkoro bere a woateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu denneennen sɛnea wubetumi biara akyi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa abibifo ahurututu mu yare?

Ahurututu mu yare tuntum ayaresa no atirimpɔw ne sɛ ɛbɛtew ɔhaw a wote nka no so nkutoo, entumi nsa yare no koraa.Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ahurututu a wɔde ma obi foforo betumi asa ahurututu tuntum yare. Bio nso, ebia wo duruyɛfo de nneɛma te sɛ:

• Fango a wɔde bɛto wɔn ho so no ano hye.
• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubesiw w’ahurututu mu abufuw bio ano (gyae sigaretnom ne vaping, fa wo vaccines no bere ano).
• Nnuru a ɛma mframa kwan no bue na ɛtew ɔfe so (bronchodilators).
• Ahurututu mu ahosiesie (`(Ahurututu mu ahosiesie)`).
• Oxygen a wɔde ma.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Sɛ wunya ɔyare bi te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum a, ebetumi agye bere kakra ansa na woagye atom, titiriw sɛ wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara a. Saa tebea yi bɛtra wo nkyɛn wo nkwa nna nyinaa.

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare tuntum a emu yɛ den a, ebia wubenya sɛnkyerɛnne pii na ebehia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn mpɛn pii. Ebia wubehia oxygen foforo nso. Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ abibifo ahurututu mu yare ma nnipa nkwa nna yɛ tiaa bɛyɛ mfe 12.6.

So metumi asan akɔ adwuma?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare tuntum a, ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ so ayɛ adwuma a fango mfutuma pii ka ho. Wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛtumi aboa wo ma woabisa `Ɔfã 90 nhyehyɛeɛ`, a ɛboa wo ma wosakra kɔ adwuma a ``mfuturo kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu.`` Ɛgyina sɛdeɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den so no, ebia wobɛtumi ayɛ adwuma foforɔ. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wugye w’ahome fi adwuma mu bere a wo ho nyɛ wo den no.

So wobetumi asiw ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum ano?

Yiw, wobetumi asiw ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum ano. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) a ɛwɔ United States no de gyinapɛn ahorow asi hɔ a ɛbɛboa ma wɔasiw abibifo ahurututu mu yare ano. Sɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ fango a wotu mu anaa nea ɛbɛn hɔ a, ɛsɛ sɛ w’adwumawura de nneɛma bi di dwuma de tew fango mfutuma a ɛwɔ w’adwumam no so na mframa a ɛkɔ mu no atu mpɔn. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, anim akataso a wɔahyɛ no yiye (wɔasɔ ahwɛ sɛ ɛfata) a, ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi mfutuma ho.

Sɛ wowie adwuma a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ so hyɛ akatawia no kosi sɛ wubeyi w’adwuma ntade. Yi akatasoɔ no ansa na woaguare na hohoro fango nketenkete biara a ɛwɔ wo ti ne wo honam ani no yie. Ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛhyɛ akatawia bere mpo a worehoro w’adwuma ntade no.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum?

Asiane kɛse a ɛma obi nya ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum ne adwuma a wɔyɛ wɔ fango a wotu mu. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ (anaasɛ woayɛ) fango a wotu a, nneɛma a edidi so yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ kɛse:

• Sɛ wonom sigaret a.
• Sɛ woakɔ mfutuma a ɛboro so bere a woreyɛ adwuma no a.
• Sɛ woayɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a wotu fango mfe pii a.
• Sɛ woayɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a abotan mfutuma anaa silica dɔɔso wɔ beae a wotu fagude no a.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum a, ɛsɛ sɛ woto nneɛma a ebetumi ahyɛ w’ahurututu abufuw kɛse mu no ano hye. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne:

• Gyae sigaretnom. Eyi ho hia ma w’akwahosan a wowɔ mprempren ne daakye. Nanso ɛnyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wowɔ COPD na wonom sigaret a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa akwan a wubetumi afa so anya mmoa de agyae sigaretnom ho. Afei nso, kwati sɛ wobɛka nnipa afoforo a wɔnom sigaret (`secondhand smoke`) ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Twe wo ho fi mmeae a wotu fango ho. Fango ne silica nneɛma nketenkete pii a wobɛhome no bɛma wo tebea no asɛe kɛse.
• Hwɛ wim tebea yiye. Titiriw no, hwɛ Air Quality Index (AQI) a wɔtaa bɔ ho amanneɛ ne wim tebea ho nkɔmhyɛ. Sɛ AQI no "nnyɛ apɔwmuden mma akuo a wɔte nka" anaasɛ nea enye koraa a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtena dan mu kɔsi sɛ ɛbɛtu mpɔn - na sɛ wokɔ abɔnten a, hyɛ akatasoɔ.
• Kwati ɔyare mmoawa. Ɔhome mu yare betumi ama wo tebea no asɛe kɛse. Nya wo vaccines ma influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, ne COVID-19 wɔ bere ano. Afei nso, susuw ho sɛ wobɛhyɛ anim akataso bere a worekɔ abɔnten wɔ atiridii bere mu no.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, nanso hwɛ yiye. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wubetumi ayɛ, sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ wopia wo ho denneennen, ne sɛnea wubehu sɛ worepia wo ho dodo.
• Yɛ nhyehyɛe ma flare-ups. Obiara mpɛ sɛ obesusuw ho sɛ ɔbɛyare bere a wo ho atɔ wo no. Nanso sɛ wowɔ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛfa sɛnea wubedi ɔhyew a ɛbɛba no ho dwuma ho a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woakwati sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu mmoa bere a wote nka sɛ wo ho adwiriw wo ankasa no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Wo duruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ ohu wo ma wɔkɔhwɛ wo daa. Ɔno nso ne onipa a oye sen biara a wubebisa bere ne baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu mmoa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

• Me tebea no nye dɛn?
• Nnuru bɛn na mihia? So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
• So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a mɛfa so ateɛteɛ m’apɔw mu dwoodwoo?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nhwehwɛmu sɛ ebia ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum anaa?
• Sɛ mewɔ flare-up a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde m’ahurututu ma obi foforo?

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ (ER)?

Sɛ wo home yɛ tiaa foforo anaasɛ ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ w’ano, wo nsa, anaa wo nan yɛ bruu (cyanosis) a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

So abibifo ahurututu mu yare yɛ nsamanwaw?

Dabi, abibifo ahurututu mu yare nyɛ nsamanwaw (TB). Tuberculosis yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a mmoawa Mycobacterium tuberculosis na ɛde ba. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa, nanso ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw wɔ nnipa ntam.

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare tuntum a, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, enti ɛda adi sɛ wubenya nsamanwaw. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ nsamanwaw ne ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum no bi te sɛ: ɔfe, koko mu yaw, ne nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ. Nanso abibifo ahurututu mu yare nyɛ ɔyare mmoawa. Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare tuntum a nsamanwaw nni mu a, mpɛn pii no worennya atiridii anaa anadwo fifiri.

So abibifo ahurututu mu yare yɛ dɛmdi?

Egyina nneɛma ahorow bi so. Wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu no, dɛmdi yɛ mmara kwan so asɛm. Asɛmmisa titiriw a ɛwɔ ha ne sɛ: Afei so wubetumi ayɛ adwuma a woyɛe bere a na woyɛ fango ho adwuma no? Ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɔ sɛnea wowɔ ahurututu mu yare tuntum, nea wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te, ne sɛnea wubetumi de nnuru adi so yiye no ho amanneɛ. Sɛ wobenya mfasoɔ wɔ abibifoɔ ahurututu mu yareɛ ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔtu fango no yɛ sɔhwɛ soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no `413b nhwehwɛmu.` Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a nnuruyɛfoɔ a wɔatete wɔn titire sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ fango adwumayɛfoɔ mu yɛ.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ nnipa dɔɔso dodo a wɔrekyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛyɛ w’adwuma. Nanso obiara mfata sɛ ɔyare esiane tebea horow a ahobammɔ nnim nti. Ɛno nti na mmara wɔ hɔ - a ɛbɛboa wo ma woayɛ adwuma dwoodwoo. Wɔ adwumam ahobammɔ mmɔdenbɔ yi nyinaa mu mpo no, fango a wotu no mu bɛyɛ 16% (ɛno yɛ 6 biara mu 1) nya ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum.

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ye wɔ nnuru ne asetra mu nsakrae mu mpo a, ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ tuntum betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegye atom, titiriw sɛ woahu sɛ wo nnamfo ne wo mfɛfo adwumayɛfo refa mu a. Sɛ wɔahu wo yare no nkyɛe, anaasɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne reyɛ kɛse na worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ho sɛ wubegyina ano a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi asusuw w’akwahosan ho na wakamfo mmoa akuw ne nneɛma a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu a ebetumi aboa wo akyerɛ.

Awiei koraa no, kae (Take-Home Message) .

Ahurututu mu yare tuntum yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den, nkwa nna nyinaa a efi mfutuma a wɔhome fi fango a wotu mu ba. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw ano ne sɛ wubedi ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi na woatew mfutuma a ɛbɛkɔ so no so.

• Sɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ adwumayɛbea bi a ɛfa fango ho a, hwɛ wo ahobammɔ bere nyinaa. Hyɛ anim akataso a ɛfata na di ahobammɔ ho akwankyerɛ a adwumakuw no de ama no akyi.
• Sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔsa no a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw yare no ne nsɛnnennen a ɛbɛkɔ so no ano.
• Kwati sigaretnom koraa. Ɛbɛsɛe w’ahurututu akwahosan kɛse.
• Di oduruyɛfo no akwankyerɛ ne akwan a wɔfa so sa yare no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.

W’akwahosan yɛ w’asɛyɛde. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi na yɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia.

` Black Lung Disease, Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis, ahurututu mu yare, fango, mfutuma, ɔhome mu yare