So wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ "Blast Cells"? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ da bi a ebia wobɛhunu biribi a wɔfrɛ no "Blast Cells" wɔ wo mogya amanneɛbɔ mu. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wuhu no. Asɛmfua "blast" a wobɛte mpo betumi ayɛ hu kakra. Nanso ansa na wo ho bɛka wo no, momma yɛnka nea nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi yɛ ankasa, nea enti a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua, ne sɛ ɛdɔɔso a, dɛn na ɛba ho asɛm tiawa?

Dɛn ne nkwammoaa a ɛpae? Ɛno ara na ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu?

Yiw, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nkwammoaa a ɛpae yɛ nkwammoaa ketewa bi a ennyinii, anaasɛ ennyaa nkɔso koraa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛma nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ba. Nanso sɛ wunya lab amanneɛbɔ a ɛka sɛ "blasts" a, ɛtaa kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ennyinii. Efisɛ mogya ho animdefo ne kokoram ho animdefo de nneɛma te sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu di dwuma de hu nyarewa bi a efi mogya mu, te sɛ mogya mu kokoram a emu yɛ den.

Sɛ wowɔ nkwammoaa a ɛpae a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaasɛ ɛdɔɔso wɔ wo mogya mu a, ebetumi ayɛ mogya mu kokoram bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛno nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wodwen eyi ho no.

Enti, nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda mogya ntini mu nkwammoaa ne blast nkwammoaa ntam?

Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa. Susuw ho hwɛ, eyinom nyinaa yɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa nyin mu.

Mogya mu ntini mu nkwammoaa te sɛ ɛna nkwammoaa a ɛma nkwammoaa ahorow afoforo nyinaa ba.

Nkwammoaa a ɛpae fi saa ntini mu nkwammoaa yi mu na ɛba. Wɔsan frɛ wɔn "progenitor" anaa "precursor" nkwammoaa. Ɛne sɛ, wɔyɛ "pre" stage ansa na nkwammoaa a ɛho akokwaw koraa anyin. Nea ɛnte sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa no, wɔasi gyinae dedaw sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae bɛyɛ nkwammoaa pɔtee bi. Ɛte sɛ nea wobɛkɔ sukuupɔn na woadi kan asua adesua ahorow a ɛfa nneɛma nyinaa ho, afei wode w’adwene asi adwuma pɔtee bi so.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a ɛpae so ma yɛn nipadua?

Nkwammoaa a ɛpae yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba mfiase ara kwa. Wo nipadua no reyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo (ne nkwammoaa a ɛpae) bere nyinaa de asi nkwammoaa dedaw ananmu. Wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ a ɛma mogya ba yi hematopoiesis . Eyi si bere dodow no ara wɔ wo nnompe mu ntini mu .

Wɔ wo nnompe mu ntini mu no, ntini mu nkwammoaa bi a wɔtaa de di dwuma a wɔfrɛ no "hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC) wɔ hɔ. Eyi ma wonya nkwammoaa a ɛpae ahorow atitiriw abien:

• Myeloblast: Wonya saa nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi fiWɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (sɛ nhwɛso no, granulocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, ne eosinophils), ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ.
• Lymphoblast: Saa nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi ma wonya lymphocytes, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi.

Mogya mu nkwammoaa a anyin koraa a ɛho akokwaw no fi nnompe mu ntini no mu na ɛfa wo mogya mu. Nanso, nkwammoaa a ɛpae a ɛda so ara nyin no yɛ wo nnompe mu ntini mu de, na ɛnyɛ wo mogya mu. Ɛno nti na lab amanneɛbɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ blast cells wɔ wo mogya mu no betumi ayɛ ɔhaw no.

Dɛn nti na nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi renya nkɔanim? So biribi asɛe?

Sɛ lab amanneɛbɔ bi kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nkwammoaa a ɛpae pii wɔ wo nnompe mu ntini anaa wo mogya mu a, ebetumi ayɛ mogya mu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Titiriw sɛ nkwammoaa no te sɛ nea ɛnteɛ bere a wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ no a. Mpɛn pii no, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nnompe mu nyinaa mu 5% pɛ na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae. Ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wubenya nkwammoaa a ɛpae biara wɔ wo mogya mu koraa.

Nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na nkwammoaa a ɛpae no dɔɔso:

• Leukemia a emu yɛ den (AML) .
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu (MDS) .
• Leukemia a enni sabea (CML) .
• Leukemia a emu yɛ den a ɛma mogya tu (ALL) .
• Tebea ne ayaresa ahorow bi a ɛnyɛ kokoram

Momma yɛnhwɛ eyinom mu biara mu nkɔ akyiri kakra.

Momma yensua Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) ho ade .

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ nnuruyɛfo ka nkwammoaa a ɛpae ho asɛm a, na wɔreka acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ho asɛm . AML yɛ kokoram a ano yɛ den yiye a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm yiye. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wohu yare no na wofi ase sa yare no ntɛm ara. Nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ ɔkwan a ɛho hia a wɔfa so hu yare no ntɛm.

Wɔ AML mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛpae a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so boaboa ano wɔ wo nnompe mu na ɛkɔ wo mogya mu. Eyinom mu dodow no ara yɛ nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no myeloblasts. Eyinom ayɛ krado sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (granulocytes) ansa na abɛyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa.

Esiane sɛ saa nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi nnyinii na ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata nti, wɔnyɛ adwuma biara a mfaso wɔ so mma nipadua no. Mmom no, egye baabi kɛse wɔ nnompe mu araa ma ɛmma wo nipadua no ntumi nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo a ɛte apɔw a ehia no. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛho akokwaw ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, wo nipadua no ntumi nyɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ.

Sɛ wowɔ blast cells 20% anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ wo nnompe mu ntini anaa wo mogya mu a, ɛyɛ AML ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Dɛn ne Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ?

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) nso yɛ mogya mu kokoram bi. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae no nnyin nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ. Mpɛn pii no, saa nkwammoaa a ɛpae yi wuwu ansa na atumi anyin yiye. Ɛwom mpo sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae dɔɔso dodo de, nanso sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛho akokwaw a wobetumi ayɛ wɔn adwuma no sua dodo a, ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu betumi aba. Afei nso, wubetumi anya ɔyare mmoawa a wɔtaa nya (esiane mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛba fam nti) na mogya atɔ wo anaasɛ wobɛpirapira ntɛmntɛm (esiane mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam nti).

Sɛ wowɔ blast cells 5% kɔsi 20% wɔ wo nnompe mu a, ɛyɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `MDS` ho sɛnkyerɛnne.` Nnipa a wɔwɔ `MDS` no mu bɛyɛ 30% na awiei koraa no wobenya `AML.`

Momma yɛnhwɛ Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) nso.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) yɛ mogya mu kokoram a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (a enni sabea). Ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae dodow a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini anaa mogya mu nso kɔ soro. Nnuruyɛfo gyina wo blast cell dodow so kyekyɛ sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den:

• Chronic Phase CML: Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya anaa wo nnompe mu no nnu 10% yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae.
• Accelerated Phase CML: Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no mu 10% kosi 19% yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae.
• Blast Phase CML (blast crisis): Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu bɛboro 20% yɛ blast nkwammoaa. Eyi te sɛ AML.

Dɛn ne Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ne kokoram a abu so sen biara wɔ mmofra mu. Wɔ NYINAA mu no, nnompe mu ntini no ma nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ (a ɛyɛ kokoram) a wɔfrɛ no lymphoblasts. Saa nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ yi mu paapae ntɛmntɛm na wɔyɛ wɔn ho mfonini pii. Eyi ma ɛyɛ den ma nnompe mu ntini no sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛfata a wo nipadua hia no.

Wɔ NYINAA mu no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nnompe mu ntini mu no mu 20% yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ yare no (bɛyɛ 90%) nso wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛpae wɔ wɔn mogya mu.

So nkwammoaa a ɛpae betumi adɔɔso esiane nneɛma afoforo a ɛnyɛ kokoram nti?

Yiw, eyi ho hia paa. Mfa no sɛ kokoram fi lab amanneɛbɔ bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae kɛse wom. Tebea horow bi a ɛnyɛ kokoram ne nneɛma a ɛde ba nso betumi ama nkwammoaa a ɛpae no akɔ soro bere tiaa bi. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Nyarewa a emu yɛ den: Sɛ wo nipadua nya yare a emu yɛ den, te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den (sepsis) a, nkwammoaa a ɛpae betumi akɔ mogya no mu.
• Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ayaresa: Ebia wɔbɛda so ara ahu nkwammoaa a ɛpae wɔ mogya no mu bere a wɔde aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no G-CSF ahyɛ wɔn mu akyi. Saa nnuru a wɔde twitwiw wo nnompe mu yi kanyan wo nnompe mu ntini ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii de bɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Ebia eyinom ho behia sɛ worenya nnuru a wɔde sa wo yare anaasɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow sua (neutropenia).
• Nkwammoaa a wɔde si ananmu: Sɛ wɔde ntini mu nkwammoaa a wɔde si ananmu sɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi ayaresa a, ebia wo nso wobɛma nkwammoaa a ɛpaapae no akɔ soro. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde stem cell transplantation ma tebea horow te sɛ mogya mu yare, kokoram, anaa nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a wo nipadua ntumi nyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛfata.

Nanso nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, nea ɛnte sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae a ɛbata kokoram ho no, mpɛn pii no, nkwammoaa a ɛpae a wohu wɔ nsɛm yi mu no yɛ te sɛ nea ɛwɔ apɔwmuden wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu. Wobetumi nso anyin abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ. Bere kɔ so no, dodow yi so tew.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa a ɛpae no dodow te pɛpɛɛpɛ? Dɛn ne saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no?

Sɔhwɛ ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa a ɛpae no dodow te:

• Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Saa nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae wɔ wo mogya mu. Wɔ PBS mu no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ wo mogya no bi hwɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛpae dɔɔso dodo anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaa.
• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Lab nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu anaa aspiration akyi no betumi ahu nkwammoaa a ɛpae wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu. Ebia eyinom bi ne sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, anaa fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) de hwehwɛ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛba nkwammoaa no mu .
• Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wunya mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC) a nsonsonoe wom de hwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne fitaa ne mogya nkwammoaa dodow, efisɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw dodow betumi so atew bere a nkwammoaa a ɛpae dodow kɔ soro no.

Nnuruyɛfo susuw nea efi nhwehwɛmu mu ba ne nneɛma ahorow ho ansa na wɔahu tebea bi te sɛ mogya mu kokoram. Wonnyina sɔhwɛ biako pɛ so nsi gyinae akɛse.

Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ worenbɔ hu berɛ a wohunu asɛmfua "blasts" wɔ wo lab amanneɛbɔ mu.Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ sɛ wowɔ nkwammoaa a ɛpae wɔ wo mogya mu a, ebetumi ayɛ yare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso egyina w’akwahosan so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nkwammoaa a ɛpae a ɛkɔ soro no yɛ bere tiaa mu de. Dodow no so tew bere a bere kɔ so no. Mmere foforo nso, ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse te sɛ mogya mu kokoram a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ nea nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ ma w’akwahosan mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Enti, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo.

` Blast nkwammoaa, mogya mu kokoram, mogya mu kokoram, nnompe mu ntini, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, nkwammoaa, akwahosan