Wopɛ sɛ wuhu wo CD4 Cell Count? Momma yɛnkasa!

So woate ``CD4 nkwammoaa dodow'' anaa ``T-nkwaboaa sɔhwɛ'' ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo no aka ho asɛm, anaasɛ ebia woate saa nsɛm yi wɔ baabi. Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra de, nanso momma yɛmmɔ mmɔden sɛ yɛbɛte ase kɛkɛ. Efisɛ eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛma yenya nsɛm a ɛho hia pii fa yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no akwahosan ho.

Dɛn ne CD4 nkwammoaa dodow?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, CD4 nkwammoaa dodow yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pɔtee bi dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya kakraa bi mu. Nnuruyɛfo de di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea HIV aka wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa ne sɛnea ayaresa te sɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa (ART) tu mpɔn. Ɛtɔ da nso a, wɔde di dwuma de hwɛ nyarewa afoforo so.

So wunim sɛ HIV yɛ nkwa nna nyinaa mu ɔyare mmoawa a ɛsɛe yɛn CD4 nkwammoaa (a wɔsan frɛ no aboafo T-nkwaboaa anaa CD4+ T-nkwaboaa) no tẽẽ. Enti sɛ saa T-nkwaboaa yi sua a, tumi a yɛn nipadua no tumi ko tia mmoawa nso sua.

Dɛn ne CD4 ɔha biara mu nkyem 100?

Wo duruyɛfoɔ nso bɛtumi de ``CD4 ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu'' adi dwuma de anya adwene wɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no akwahosan ho. Wɔnam ``CD4+ T nkwammoaa'' dodow a wɔkyekyɛ mu ma ``lymphocytes'' (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa foforo) dodow nyinaa na wobu nea efi mu ba no 100 so.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia `(CD4 nkwammoaa dodow)` a wobɛhwɛ ara kwa no renyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, sɛ wowɔ yareɛ bi a ɛka wo `(lymphocyte)` dodoɔ nyinaa, anaasɛ nnipa te sɛ mmofra nkumaa, mmaa a wɔyem, anaa nnipa a wɔadi boro mfeɛ 65 a, `(CD4 ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu)` no betumi ayɛ mfasoɔ kɛseɛ.

Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi CD4 dodow no mu?

CD4 dodow ma nnuruyɛfo nya nsɛm a ɛho hia fa wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho. Sɛ saa dodow yi boro nea ɛfata so a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ obi anya nyarewa, nyarewa afoforo, anaasɛ HIV yare no renya nkɔso.

Nanso ade biako wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae. Wo CD4 dodow betumi ayɛ soronko kakra da biara da. Eyi betumi afi nneɛma te sɛ bere a wode mogya mae, sɛ ebia na wowɔ ɔyare bi saa bere no, ne nea ɛkeka ho Wo mfe a woadi, akwahosan tebea afoforo, ne nnuru a wonom nso betumi aka dodow yi. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo hwɛ wo dodow nyinaa ne sɛnea ɛsakra bere kɔ so no.

Dɛn na wɔde CD4 dodow di dwuma?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔde sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma titiriw.

Sɛ wowɔ HIV a:

Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, nnuruyɛfo de CD4 dodow di dwuma de:

• Kyerɛ HIV yareɛ no gyinabea (i.e. baabi a yareɛ no akɔ so akodu).
• Hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa a wɔfrɛ no ``Antiretroviral Therapy - ART'' no yɛ adwuma yiye .
• Hwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛnya ``Opportunistic Infections'' (nyarewa a emu yɛ den a ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛba bere a nipadua no tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw).

Wɔ tebea afoforo mu no:

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde T-cell sɔhwɛ no di dwuma ma nneɛma te sɛ:

• Sɛ wɔde akwaa foforo si ananmu wie a, hwɛ nnuru a wɔde ko tia pow no so.
• Hwɛ ayaresa a wɔde sa nyarewa bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so.
• Kyerɛ lymphoma (kokoram a ɛwɔ ntini mu) ne nyarewa te sɛ DiGeorge syndrome ahorow bi.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ saa T-cell nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi?

Sɛ wodi kan hu sɛ wowɔ HIV a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo CD4 dodow. Ɛno akyi no, wɔbɛkɔ so ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi de ahwɛ sɛnea woreyɛ yiye ne sɛnea w’aduru no reyɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ wohyɛ ART ase a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wohwɛ wo CD4 nkwammoaa dodow mu asram abiɛsa kosi asia biara mfiase no. Bere kɔ so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi asesa eyi ayɛ no asram asia kosi dumien biara . Wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu soronko nso de ahwɛ wo HIV mmoawa dodow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ CD4 nkwammoaa dodow ho nhwehwɛmu?

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Lab technician bi de wo mogya nhwɛsoɔ bi di dwuma de hwehwɛ wo ``CD4 dodoɔ.'' Wɔde ɔkwan soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Flow Cytometry'' kan ``T-cells'' a ɛwɔ wo mogya nhwɛsoɔ mu.Wɔ yei mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwdeɛ soronko ahyɛ nkwammoaa no agyiraeɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma sɔhwɛ yi?

Ahosiesie titiriw biara ho nhia. Wubetumi adi na woanom wo nnuru sɛnea ɛte daa.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo bi bɛfa mogya denam ade ketewaa bi a ɔde bɛhyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu no so. Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw anaa ahotɔ bi nka bere a wɔde ade no hyɛ mu na woyi fi mu no, nanso ɛbɛyɛ bere tiaa bi pɛ. Afei wɔde mogya no bɛkɔ baabi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ CD4 dodow nhwehwɛmu no mu?

Asiane a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no sua koraa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ ade no mu mpɛn pii na ama woanya ntini bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den kakra. Asiane nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ bere a wɔrenom mogya no, te sɛ:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew kakra anaasɛ woatɔ piti.
• Akuru kɛse anaa mogya a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ honam ani (hematoma).
• Nyarewa bi a wobenya.
• Mogya a ɛkɔ so tu (eyi ntaa nsi koraa).

Nneɛma bɛn na yenya fi mu ba?

Wɔtaa da CD4 dodow adi sɛ nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ cubic millimeter biara mu (cubic millimeter biako kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam). Wɔtaa kyerɛw eyi sɛ “mm3” anaa “mcL” (microliters) wɔ nɔma no akyi. Ɛtɔ da bi nso a wobɛhunu CD4 dodoɔ sɛ lymphocytes (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa) ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu.

Ebia nea ebefi mu aba no bɛyɛ te sɛ eyi:

• CD4 dodow a ɛfata: 500mm3 kosi 1,200mm3
• CD4 dodow a ɛba fam: ennu 500mm3
• CD4 dodow a ɛkɔ soro: ɛboro 1,200mm3

Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ saa "normal" levels yi, titiriw no, anohyeto a ɛwɔ soro no, betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ labs bi mu. Enti hwɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ daa wɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no so.

Dɛn na CD4 dodow a ɛba fam kyerɛ?

Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, CD4 dodow a ɛba fam kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa no asɛe wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii na ama wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. Eyi de wo to asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya nyarewa, a emu bi betumi de wo nkwa ato asiane mu. Sɛ wo CD4 dodoɔ yɛ 200mm3 anaa nea ɛnnu saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ HIV stage 3, a ɛyɛ AIDS stage.

Sɛ wunni HIV a, CD4 dodow a ɛba fam no betumi afi:

• Ɔyare mmoawa foforo.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare yɛ kokoram ayaresa.
• Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw (immunosuppressants).

Dɛn na ɛde CD4 dodow a ɛkɔ soro ba?

Nyarewa ne mogya mu kokoram binom betumi ama CD4 dodow akɔ soro asen nea ɛfata.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

Bisa wo duruyɛfoɔ berɛ a wobɛnya wo CD4 dodoɔ aba ne sɛdeɛ wobɛnya (e.g. so oduruyɛfoɔ no bɛfrɛ wo anaa ɔde amanneɛbɔ bɛmena wo). Mpɛn pii no, wɔtwe mogya no na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 ntam, nanso ebia ebegye bere tenten ansa na nea efi mu ba no aba.

Sɛ me CD4 dodow sua a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ nea efii wo nhwehwɛmu no mu bae no nyɛ nea wo duruyɛfo hwɛɛ kwan a, ebia ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ san nyɛ nhwehwɛmu no bio. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Wo ayaresa nhyehyɛe no bɛkɔ so ayɛ saa ara, na wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa wo CD4 dodow a edi hɔ no ntɛm sen da a woadi kan ayɛ ho nhyehyɛe no.
• Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw kɛse a, wobetumi akyerɛw wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa nnuru a ekum fungal a ɛbɛboa ma woasiw ɔyare mmoawa ano.
• Wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wobɛsesa ``Antiretroviral - ART'' aduru a worenom mprempren no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa (e.g., ɛyaw, ɛho wosow, akisikuru, atiridiinini) a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama me CD4 dodow akɔ soro?

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) taa yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ HIV dodow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu (virus load) a ɛtew so na ɛma wo CD4 dodow kɔ soro no mu. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom saa aduru yi sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛnom wo ART a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.

Wɔ tebea bi mu - ma nnipa a wonni HIV, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no obi a wɔde akwaa a wɔde si ananmu na ɔrenom nnuru a ɛmma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa - CD4 dodoɔ a ɛba fam no betumi akyerɛ sɛ wɔn nnuru no reyɛ adwuma yie. Enti, bisa wo duruyɛfo nea wobɛhwɛ kwan a egyina wo tebea so.

Awiei koraa no, kae eyi (Take-Home Message) .

CD4 dodow yɛ ɔkwan a wo duruyɛfo fa so hu sɛnea HIV aka wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa ne sɛnea w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nneɛma afoforo betumi aka nea efi mu ba no, enti sɛ wuhu dodow bi a wonhwɛ kwan a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nea nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ ne sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no mu anaa. Sɛ wonom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa (ART) daa a, ebetumi aboa ma HIV ansɛe wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no na ama wo T-cell dodow akɔ so ayɛ yiye.

` CD4 dodow, HIV, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, T-cells, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, ART, ayaresa