So wo nso wowɔ yafunu bɔne? Momma yensua kɔlera yi ho ade!

So wokae sɛnea ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo ho tɔ wo mpofirim? Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛtra hɔ da koro anaa nnanu pɛ na afei n’ankasa ho yɛ yiye. Nanso, fa no sɛ, sɛ wowɔ akisikuru a ɛyɛ nsuo bere nyinaa a, wote nka sɛ woayɛ mmerɛw, na wufi ase fe... Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye kakra. Efisɛ, ebetumi ayɛ yare bi a wɔfrɛ no Cholera ho sɛnkyerɛnne, a ebetumi ayɛ asiane kakra. Nsuro, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka kɔlera yi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so. Ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi ho asɛm, efisɛ ɛno akyi no yebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban na sɛ ɛho hia a, yɛanya ayaresa ntɛm.

Dɛn ne kɔlera? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, kɔlera yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba yɛn dwensɔtwaa mu. Eyi ma obi nya akisikuru a ɛboro so a nsu wom. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nsu a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa yera. Yɛfrɛ tebea yi nsu a ɛho ntew . Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom yɛn nipadua no hwere electrolytes , a ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɛboa nipadua no ma ɛyɛ adwuma no nso.

Nea ɛho hia: Kɔlera yɛ yare a sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi akum obi. Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw a, fi ase nom nsu pii te sɛ nsu ne nsu. Sɛ atiridiinini no mu yɛ den, wofe pii, anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsu ho atɔ wo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara .

Kɔlera abu so kɛse wɔ mmeae a nsu pa ne ahotew a ɛfata nni hɔ. Wobetumi nso anya bi afi ɛpo mu nnuan a wɔannoa te sɛ akutu a wodi mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, kɔlera tumi trɛw wɔ ɔyaredɔm mu wɔ abɔde mu asiane ahorow te sɛ osu kɛse, asasewosow, ne ahum akyi.

Mpɔtam bɛn na kɔlera abu so kɛse?

Wɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kɔlera ɔyaredɔm akɔ so wɔ wiase baabiara. Nanso, nnansa yi, wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔyaredɔm a ɛpae gui nnansa yi ara wɔ:

• Efi aman bi a ɛwɔ Asia
• Aman a ɛwɔ Sahara Anhweatam no anafo fam wɔ Afrika (Afrika Sahara Anafo fam) .
• Efi Caribbean Nsupɔw so

Wobu akontaa sɛ afe biara nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem biako kosi ɔpepem anan nya kɔlera wɔ wiase nyinaa, na afe biara nnipa 20,000 kosi bɛboro 100,000 na wowuwu. Enti eyi nyɛ yare a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa.

Dɛn ne kɔlera ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Woyɛ dɛn hu wɔn?

Kɔlera ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne nsu a ɛwɔ nsu mu . Eyi taa yɛ akisikuru a ɛyɛ fitaa, mununkum kakra, te sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini. Susuw nsu a ɛba bere a yɛhohoro aburow ansa na yɛanoa no ho... ɛno ne nea ɛyɛ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wutumi hu nsu nketenkete a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ nsukorabea no mu. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ eyi ‘aburow nsu a wɔde gu mu’ . Saa akisikuru yi betumi ayɛ den mpofirim na ebetumi ama nsu atɔ nipadua no mu a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo ne:

• Ɔfe a wɔfe
• Sukɔm a emu yɛ den
• Ɔbrɛ
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa mmerɛwyɛ
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa
• Nsu a wɔtow so tew kɛse anaasɛ wogyaee
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm

Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nso sɛ ebia nnipa pii a wɔwɔ kɔlera no renkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Wobetumi atrɛw yare no mu akɔ afoforo mu, a wonnim mpo sɛ wɔyare.

Dɛn na ɛde kɔlera ba? Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn anya?

Mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Vibrio cholerae (anaa V. cholerae) na ɛde kɔlera ba . Saa mmoawa yi te nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a nkyene wom kakra (nkyene) mu. Enti, sɛ yɛnom nsu anaa yedi aduan a V. cholerae mmoawa yi ayɛ mu fĩ a, saa mmoawa yi bata yɛn dwensɔtwaa ketewa no afasu ho na ɛma awuduru ba wɔ hɔ. Ɛyɛ awuduru yi nti na yenya akisikuru.

Enti, akwan titiriw a yebetumi afa so anya kɔlera ne:

• Ɛdenam po mu nnuan a wɔannoa te sɛ oysters a wobedi so.
• Ɛdenam nsu a wɔde poop/feces a V. cholerae mmoawa wom a wɔnom so.
• Ɛdenam aduan a wɔde nsu a V. cholerae mmoawa wom a wobedi so.

So wobetumi de kɔlera afi onipa mu akɔ foforo mu?

Kɔlera ntrɛw mfi onipa so nkɔ onipa so tẽẽ, te sɛ atiridii. Ɛne sɛ, ɛnam nkɔmmɔ anaa obi a ɔbɛn no so na ɛtrɛw. Nanso, wobetumi atrɛw mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so . Wunim sɛnea wɔyɛ no ? Wɔ mmeae a nsu pa nni hɔ na tiafi kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ no, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ kɔlera nsu (poop) mu fĩ na ɛkɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu a, ebetumi agu nsu (sɛ nhwɛso no, abura mu nsu, asubɔnten mu nsu) ho fĩ. Sɛ wonom saa nsuo no, anaa wode saa nsuo no noa aduane, anaa wode hohoro wo nsa a, yareɛ no tumi trɛw kɔ afoforɔ mu. Ɛno nti na ahotew ho hia paa no.

Henanom na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya kɔlera?

Kɔlera a ɛpae gui no taa ba wɔ mmeae a nsu pa, ahotew a ɛfata, ne akwan a wɔfa so tew nsu a wɔnom ne nea wɔnoa ho nni. Saa asiane yi nso dɔɔso wɔ mmeae a abɔde mu asiane (te sɛ asasewosow anaa nsuyiri) aka no.

Ɛwom sɛ obiara a ɔwɔ V. cholerae mmoawa no betumi anya kɔlera de, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu. Ebia asiane kɛse nso bɛba wo so sɛ wubenya kɔlera sɛ:

• Sɛ woyɛ ɔbaa a.
• Sɛ wo mogya yɛ 'O' a.
• Sɛ wo yafunu mu acid sua, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hypochlorhydria (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wotaa nom nnuru a ekum asikre anaa proton pump inhibitors ma yafunu mu yare a).
• Sɛ wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn de ayi wo yafunu no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa (gastrectomy).
• Sɛ wowɔ H. pylori yare mmoawa a .

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi kɔlera mu aba? So eyinom yɛ nea asiane wom?

Cholera yɛ asiane esiane nneɛma abien titiriw nti : nsu a ɛtɔ ne electrolytes a ɛyera wɔ nipadua no mu . Nsɛnnennen a tebea horow yi de ba no betumi akum obi ntɛmntɛm. Nsɛnnennen a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Hypovolemic shock: Eyi yɛ ahodwiriw tebea a mogya ne nsu dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛso tew na ɛde ba.
• Koma mu nnyigyei ho nsɛm.
• Akwaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, titiriw asaabo no.

Eyi nti na yɛka sɛ sɛ wosusuw sɛ kɔlera a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wɔhwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu kɔlera pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Nnuruyɛfo hu kɔlera denam nsu a wɔde fa nsu mu na wɔhwɛ sɛ V. cholerae mmoawa no wɔ hɔ anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛnea wo nkyene te ne wo nsu a enni wo mu.

Dɛn ne nnuru a wɔde sa kɔlera?

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ bere a woresa kɔlera ne sɛ wubesiw nsu a ɛho ayɛ fĩ ano . Wobetumi ayɛ eyi denam nsu pii a wɔbɛnom so, anaasɛ sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔde nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV nsu) bɛma. Nea ɛka ho no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ doxycycline, erythromycin, anaa azithromycin ma wo na ama wo ho atɔ wo ntɛmntɛm.

Zinc a wɔde ma mmofra nkumaa a wɔadi fi asram 6 kosi mfe 5 nso yɛ ayaresa no fã.

Nea ɛho hia: Wɔnkamfo nnuru a wɔde ko tia akisikuru mma kɔlera. Wobetumi ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no asɛe kɛse. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nokwarem no, akisikuru yɛ ɔkwan a nipadua no fa so pam mmoawa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi kɔlera ho? Dɛn ne akwan a wɔfa so siw ano?

Akwan pa a wobɛfa so akwati kɔlera ne:

• Nom nsu a ɛho tew nkutoo. Noa nsu no yiye. Anaasɛ fa chlorine di ho dwuma na ama ɛho tew.
• Fa nsu a ɛho tew ne samina hohoro wo nsa yiye, titiriw ansa na woadi, asiesie aduan, ne bere a woakɔ tiafi awie no.
• Sɛ wunnim sɛnea nsu a ɛwɔ baabi a wote no ho tew a, fa nsu a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu nkutoo na fa nom na fa noa aduan.

Sɛ wote beae a asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛnya kɔlera, anaasɛ worekɔ baabi a, nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a wɔnom wɔ hɔ. Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ ɛwom sɛ eyinom betumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yare no so atew de, nanso ɛmma asiane no mfi hɔ koraa.

Wɔ ɔkwan kɛse so no, ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wɔbɛfa so asiw kɔlera ano ne sɛ wɔbɛma obiara anya nsu pa a ɔbɛnom ne ahotew pa. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa mmoa ne ɔmanfo akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa.

Sɛ wo nya kɔlera a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ? Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara?

Sɛ wo nya kɔlera – anaa yareɛ biara a ɛde akisikuru anaa ɔfe ba – adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wobɛnom nsuo pii ansa na wo ho ayɛ wo hyew .

• Dɛn na eye sɛ wɔnom?Nsuo, nkyene akutu, soup, ne nnuru a wɔde ma nsuo a wɔnom (ORS), te sɛ yɛn Jeevani, anaa Pedialyte® anaa Ceralyte®, a wobɛtumi atɔ wɔ nnurutɔnbea no yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa a wobɛtumi apaw sɛ wobɛkɔ so anya nsuo.
• Dɛn na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔnom? Nsã a ɛyɛ dɛ te sɛ agumadi mu anonne, nnuaba mu nsu, ne soda betumi ama akisikuru asɛe kɛse efisɛ asikre pii wom. Afei nso, kwati sɛ wobɛnom nnuru a ekum akisikuru.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea (ETU) ntɛm ara?

Atiridiinini betumi ama wo nsu afi wo mu ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw anaa wofe a, kɔ ayaresabea anaa kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru anaa ɔfe ne saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi a, frɛ 911 (1990 Suwaseriya wɔ Sri Lanka) ntɛm ara anaa kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara:

• Ntini mu akisikuru
• Sukɔm a emu yɛ den
• Nsu a ɛba no so tew kɛse anaasɛ ɛyera koraa
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa
• Mrɛyɛ
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa anaa adwene mu tebea a ɛsakra

So wɔbɛsa kɔlera a wɔansa no yare?

Yiw, wobetumi asa kɔlera a wɔmfa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa nka ho. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wodi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma yiye . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛnom nsu pii, wɔbɛsesa electrolytes, na wɔasiw yare a emu yɛ den ano.

Sɛ wɔsa yareɛ – kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔde nsuo di dwuma yie na wɔasiw nsuo a ɛho nhia ano – nnipa dodoɔ a wɔwuwu wɔ kɔlera mu no nnu 1%. Nanso, sɛ wɔansa a, saa dodow yi boro 50% . Ɛno ma yehu hia a ayaresa ho hia, ɛnte saa?

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ kɔlera a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa nsɛm yi bere a worekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no:

• Dɛn ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so akɔ so anya nsu mu nsu?
• Sɛ mete nka sɛ nsu ho atɔ me a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na amma kɔlera antrɛw ankɔ afoforo so?

Sɛ mekɔ baabi a kɔlera wɔ hɔ a, mɛyɛ dɛn abɔ me ho ban?

Wɔ United States no, ahyehyɛde bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Wɔ wɔn wɛbsaet (Travel Health Notices) so no, akwantufo betumi anya mmeae a nyarewa te sɛ kɔlera abu so ho nsɛm.

Sɛ wote beae a kɔlera abu so, anaasɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛkɔ baabi a, hwɛ yiye paa wɔ nsu a wonom no ho. Hohoro wo nsa yiye, na hwɛ yiye bere a woresiesie aduan no. Saa nneɛma yi betumi aboa wo:

• Nsu a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu
• Chlorine tablets - tew nsuo ho
• Ofie bleach - a wode tew nsuo ho (fa dodow a efata di dwuma) .
• Iodine tablets - tew nsuo ho
• Nnuan a wɔadi kan ahyɛ mu

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, sɛ woanya akisikuru a emu yɛ den, sɛ́ efi kɔlera anaa biribi foforo biara mu a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Ɛsɛ sɛ wode nsu ne electrolytes sesa na amma nsu a ɛbɛtɔ wo. Saa ɔhaw yi a wɔfrɛ no nsu a ɛho ntew no betumi de akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den aba na mpo akum obi.

Ɛwom sɛ yɛntaa nte kɔlera ho asɛm de, nanso ɛda so ara yɛ akwahosan ho asiane kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɔmanfo akwahosan dwumadibea ahorow reyɛ adwuma abom de atew kɔlera a ɛpae gui ne nnipa a wowuwu so, titiriw wɔ mmeae a ɔyare no aka no.

Sɛ worekɔ beae bi a kɔlera abu so a, aduru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a wubenya no betumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ne afoforo ho ban. Nom nsu pii, akutu a nkyene wom, ne jeevani bere a woanya akisikuru ara pɛ. Sɛ wunnim sɛ ebia wubetumi akɔ so anya nsu a, hwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo afotu a ɛnkyɛ . Kae sɛ ahotew ne ade a eye sen biara a wode bɛbɔ wo ho ban afi kɔlera ho!

` Kɔlera, akisikuru, ɔfe, nsuo a ɛtɔ, mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, Vibrio cholerae, nsuo pa, ahotew, nyarewa a ɛde ɔyareɛ ba