Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wokasa a, w’adwene tu fra? Anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛka nea wopɛ sɛ woka no pefee? Ebia wo nne bɛsesa, ayɛ te sɛ nea worekasa, anaa ɛte sɛ nea wokasa brɛoo kyerɛ afoforo? Sɛ woanya saa nneɛma yi mu osuahu a, ebia nea ɛde ba ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no dysarthria. Momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den na ɛkɔ akyiri nka eyi ho asɛm.
benkum;"> Dɛn ne Dysarthria? Momma yɛnte ase tiawa!Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Dysarthria
yɛ motor speech disorder a ɛka yɛn tumi a yɛde kasa, kyerɛ sɛ, mmerɛwyɛ a ɛwɔ ntini a ehia na yɛakasa no so tumidi mu. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ yɛkasa a, yɛn tɛkrɛma, anofafa, anom, ne ɛnne nhama a ɛwɔ yɛn menewa mu (`(Larynx)`), ɛsɛ sɛ eyinom nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma, ɛnte saa? benkum;"> Obi a ɔwɔ dysarthria ntumi nni saa ntini ahorow yi so yiye. Eyi fi yɛn ntini a ɛsɛe (`(nervous system)`).Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ obi a ɔwɔ dysarthria bɛte kasa ase. Onim nea ɔka ne ɔkwan a ɔbɛfa so aka. Nanso, esiane ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nsɛmfua din pefee na wɔakasa wɔ ɔkwan a afoforo betumi ate ase so. Ɛte sɛ bere a wopɛ sɛ woto dwom, nanso wo menewa nni apɔwmuden.
Dysarthria betumi aba akwan titiriw abien:
1. Nkɔso mu dysarthria: Eyi ba esiane sɛ amemene no sɛe bere a wɔyem anaa wɔ awo mu nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea yi betumi aba mmofra a wɔwɔ amemene mu yare no so . Ɛtaa ka mmofra nkumaa.
2. Acquired dysarthria: Eyi fi amemene no a ɛsɛe akyiri yi wɔ nkwa nna mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ akisikuru , amemene mu akisikuru, anaa Parkinson yare betumi ama obi anya ntini mu yare. Eyi abu so kɛse wɔ mpanyimfo mu.
Dɛn ne dysarthria ahorow ahorow? Yebetumiakyekyɛ dysarthria mu ahorow pii a egyina yɛn ntini ahorow no fã a asɛe so. Sɛ yɛka yɛn ntini ho asɛm a, ɛka afã atitiriw te sɛ amemene ne akyi berɛmo (Central Nervous System) ne ntini ahorow a ɛtrɛw wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa (Peripheral Nervous System) no nyinaa ho.
Ahorow atitiriw no bi ni:
- Flaccid dysarthria: Eyi fi ntini a ɛwɔ ase a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no fã a ɛsɛe. Wɔ saa su yi mu no, kasa a wobɛka no betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea worehome dodo, te sɛ nea wofa wo hwene mu rekasa (anom nnyigyei). Ebia wo nne nso bɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
- Spastic dysarthria a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew:
Dysarthria taa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ ntini mu nyarewa bi so.Sɛ nhwɛso no:
- ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) ka nnipa bɛyɛ 30%.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ka nnipa 25% kosi 50% wɔ wɔn asetra mu bere bi mu.Parkinson
- yare ka nnipa dodow bi paa.Stroke
- ka 8% kosi Nnipa 60%.
- Amemene mu Opira a ɛyɛ hu ka nnipa 10% kosi 65%
sɛ ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ asɛmfua foforo de, nanso ebetumi aka nnipa pii
benkum so;"> Dysarthria Dɛn ne dysarthria ho sɛnkyerɛnne?Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne sɛ ɛyɛ den ma afoforo sɛ wɔbɛte nea woreka no ase. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wuntumi nni w’ano, wo tɛkrɛma, ne wo hwene so yiye na ama woakasa pefee.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ayɛ:
- Wo nsɛm a wobɛka no basabasa anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ worekasa .
- Ɔkasa a wobɛkasa ntɛmntɛm anaa brɛoo sen sɛnea wususuw
- .
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa mmerɛwyɛ a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛhwɛ so yi betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛmene (dysphagia) . Eyi nso yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye wɔ ho.
benkum;"> Dɛn na ɛde dysarthria ba?Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, benkum;"> dysarthria ba bere a ɛsɛe ntini a ɛboa yɛn ma yɛkasa no afã horow no. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn anim ne yɛn menewam, ne ntini a ɛboa yɛn ma yɛhome nso. Opira, nyarewa, ne ntini mu ntini mu tebea horow betumi de aba.
Nneɛma a ɛtaa de ba no bi ne:
- ALS. (ALS anaa Lou Gehrig yare)
- Amemene mu akisikuru
- Cerebral Palsy
- Dementia (tebea a ɛma wotumi kae ade)
- Huntington yare Lyme yare (yare a ntontom de ba
- )
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis (ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ yare)
- Parkinson yare
- Stroke
- Traumatic Brain Injury Opira
- a ɛba w’anim anaa w’ano.
- Wo ti, wo kɔn, wo tɛkrɛma, anaa wo nne nhama mu apirakuru.
Ɛtɔ da bi a, nnuru bi (e.g., nnuru a ɛma obi dwo, nnuru a ekum akisikuru) betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ dysarthria aba sɛ nea efi mu ba.
Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ dysarthria mu?Ɔkasa a ɛyɛ den betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba ɔmanfo mu. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛte nea afoforo reka ase a, ebetumi aka w’adwuma, sukuu dwumadi, ne w’ankasa wo abusuabɔ. Adwennwen a eyi de ba no betumi de adwenemyare te sɛ adwenemhaw mpo aba .
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya dysarthria?Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wunya ayaresa a ɛbɛboa wo ma woakasa na woakura abusuabɔ a mfaso wɔ so a wo ne afoforo wɔ no mu.
Wo duruyɛfo bebisa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Afei, Ɔkasa ne Kasa mu Nyarewa Ho Ɔbenfo (SLP) .
Wɔbɛhwehwɛ wo mu ahu sɛnea wo dysarthria no mu yɛ den. Ɔbɛhwɛ sɛnea wohome, sɛnea wo nne te, ne sɛnea wubetumi akanyan w’ano, wo tɛkrɛma, ne w’anim ntini.Ebia ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nneɛma te sɛ:
- Fa wo tɛkrɛma pue.
- Serew, twitwiw w’ano, teɛteɛ w’ano.
- Kan fi biako kosi du, anaa ka nkyerɛwde no.
- Kenkan nkyekyɛm bi.
- Tia nnyigyei, nsɛmfua, ne kasamu ahorow mu bio, na fa wo ho hyɛ nkɔmmɔ a ɛfata mu.
Nhwehwɛmu afoforo bɛn na ebia ɛho behia na ama wɔahu sɛ obi anya dysarthria?
Sɔhwɛ afoforo betumi ayɛ:
- MRI anaa CT scan a wɔde bɛyɛ w’amemene, wo ti, ne wo kɔn – eyinom hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛnteɛ a ebetumi aka wo kasa.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram) sɔhwɛ – de hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛnteɛ wɔ amemene no dwumadi mu a ɛbata dysarthria ho.
- EMG (Electromyography) sɔhwɛ – de hwɛ anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ wo ntini ne ntini mu.
- Mogya anaa nsuo mu nhwehwɛmu – de hwɛ sɛ ɔyareɛ anaa ɔfe biara a ɛde kasa mu haw no reba anaa.
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) – de hwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa akisikuru biara a ɛde dysphagia no reba anaa.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a , nea ɛka ho ne adidi a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (dysphagia), enti wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ barium mene ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ mu nsakrae anaa videofluoroscopic swallow nhwehwɛmu (VFSS) .
benkum;"> Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa dysarthria?Nnipa a wɔwɔ dysarthria betumi anya mfaso kɛse afi kasa mu ayaresa mu na ama wɔn nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ atu mpɔn.Ɔkasa ne kasa mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo (SLP) betumi ne w’abusua akasa na wakyerɛkyerɛ wɔn sɛnea wɔne wo bedi nkitaho yiye.Wɔ
kasa ayaresa bere mu no, wubetumi asua nneɛma te sɛ:
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wode bɛhyɛ wo tɛkrɛma, w’ano, ne wo hwene mu ntini mu den.Akwan
- a wobɛfa so akasa denden (s.e., ahomegye a emu dɔ ansa na
- woakasa
- )
. Eyi betumi ayɛ board a nkyerɛwde anaa mfonini wɔ so, anaa kɔmputa titiriw bi a keyboard ne screen a ɛkyerɛ nkrasɛm wom.
benkum;"> So wobetumi asiw dysarthria ano?Ɛnyɛ nneɛma a ɛde dysarthria ba nyinaa na wobetumi asiw ano. Nanso, wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nneɛma bi (e.g., opira, ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase) so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, aduan pa a wubedi no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya tebea horow a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya akisikuru, te sɛ mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne ahrawa mu ntini mu yare no so. benkum;"> So wobetumi asa dysarthria koraa?Egyina nea ɛde wo benkum;"> dysarthria reba no so. Sɛ aduru bi mu nsunsuanso bɔne na ɛde ba a, mpɛn pii no, tebea no fi hɔ bere a wɔagyae aduru no. Nanso, ebia dysarthria a ɛnam ntini mu ntini tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (`(ntini mu ntini tebea a enni sabea)`), obubuafo, anaa opira nti no rentumi nsan. Nanso, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kasa mu ayaresa betumi ama wo nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ atu mpɔn.
Ɔkasa mu ayaresa boa wo ma wode wo kasa ntini ahorow di dwuma yiye na ɛkyerɛ wo akwan a wobɛfa so adi nkitaho a nkasa nka ho.
benkum;"> Afotuo bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ ma kasa sɛ obi a ɔwɔ dysarthria?Sɛ woakɔ;"> dysarthria a, saa afotuo yi bɛtumi aboa wo:
- Di kan ka asɛmti no. Ma atiefo no nsusuw nea wubedi kan aka ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ansa na wobɛka sini a wopɛ sɛ wohwɛ no ho asɛm no, fi ase ka sɛ "sini no."
- Kasa brɛoo na fa ɛnne a ɛfata. Nsɛmfua a wɔka no pefee na ɛyɛ nkakrankakra boa otiefo no ma ɔte ase. Sɛ wokasa wɔ kasamu ntiantiaa mu a wotaa gyina hɔ kakra a, ɛma otiefo no nya bere te nea woreka no ase.
- Kwati sɛ wobɛkasa bere a woabrɛ no. benkum;"> Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ dysarthria no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkasa bere a wɔabrɛ.Hwɛ
- sɛ nnipa a wɔretie no no te nea woreka no ase.Ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wubebisa nnipa a wɔretie no wɔ ntam. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woakwati sɛ wobɛsan atĩ nea woaka no mu.
- Fa nkitahodi akwan a ɛnyɛ kasa so di dwuma sɛ ɛho hia a. Sɛ ɔkasa yɛ ɔbrɛ dodo a, ka kyerɛ onipa a wo ne no rekasa no, kyerɛw to hɔ, twetwe no, anaa fa nkɔmmɔbɔ no to nkyɛn.
Afotu bɛn na afoforo betumi de adi dwuma bere a
wo
- ne
- me
- rekasa
- ?
Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkasa a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.Sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw, wofe a ɛkɔ so daa, anaasɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare a, hwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ (ETU) ?
Nneɛma bi a ɛde dysarthria ba, te sɛ stroke, hia ayaresa ntɛm ara. Sɛ obi reda sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wabubu a, fa kɔ dan a
wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so no bi ne:
- Mmerewa
- anaa
- anim
- a ɛhwe
- ase
Wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ:
- Dɛn na ɛde me benkum;"> dysarthria ba?
- Ayaresa bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?
- Mɛyɛ dɛn ama me kasa ho nimdeɛ atu mpɔn?
- Dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ ebefi kasa ayaresa mu aba?
- So ɛsɛ sɛ mede nkitahodi mfiri di dwuma?
Aphasia yɛ tebea a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛte nea afoforo ka ase anaasɛ ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ ne nsusuwii mu. Ɛnyɛ ɔhaw a ɛfa ɔkasa ntini te sɛ dysarthria ho. Wɔ aphasia mu no, ɛka amemene no kasa mfinimfini.
benkum;"> Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda dysarthria ne apraxia ntam?Apraxia yɛ motor speech disorder soronko.Nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ apraxia no wɔ ntini dwumadi a ɛfata, nanso ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wofi wɔn pɛ mu kankyee a ɛte sɛ kasa. Ɛne sɛ, nkrasɛm a efi amemene no mu kɔ ntini ahorow no mu a ɛka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ "wɔnkɔ ɔkwan yi so ne saa" no nkɔ yiye.Ɔhaw no ne sɛnea wɔbɛbɔ din no ho nhyehyɛe nsɛmfua no.
benkum so;"> Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda dysarthria ne dysphagia ntam?Te sɛ dysarthria no, dysphagia nso fa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa ntini ahorow a wɔhwɛ so ho. Nanso benkum;"> Dysarthria yɛ kasa mu den, bere a dysphagia yɛ den sɛ wobɛmene aduan . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wogyaw dysphagia;">
Dysarthria nso betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne bi.Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .
Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wo ne afoforo bedi nkitaho esiane dysarthria nti a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Ebia wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ kasa mu ayaresa. Ɔkasa ne kasa mu nyarewa ho animdefo (SLP) nso betumi akyerɛkyerɛ wo nnamfo ne w’abusuafo sɛnea wɔne wo bedi nkitaho yiye. Kae sɛ, sɛ wo ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa mpo a, sɛ wonya ayaresa ne mmoa a ɛfata a, wubetumi akura w’abusuabɔ a ɛsom bo no mu. Nsuro, nya mmoa.
` benkum;"> Dysarthria, kasa mu haw, kasa mu haw, ntini nhyehyɛe, amemene a ɛsɛe, kasa mu ayaresa, kasa a ɛyɛ den, kasa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
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