So wo pituitary gland no "da mpan"? Sua Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ho ade!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo ti yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa? Anaasɛ wususuw sɛ ɛne wo hormone ahorow wɔ abusuabɔ? Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi ka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo ti ``(CT)`` scan anaa ``(MRI)`` scan a, ebia wobehu sɛ baabi a wo pituitary gland no wɔ no te sɛ nea "ɛda mpan." Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no Empty Sell. Nanso so ɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse bere nyinaa? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri.

Dɛn ne Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Ɛba bere a wo pituitary gland – ntini ketewaa bi a ɛho hia yiye a ɛwɔ w’amemene no ase – yɛ petee anaasɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa wɔ n’ananmu, nnompe a wɔfrɛ no sella turcica . Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, sella turcica te sɛ ofie ketewaa bi a ɛbɔ pituitary gland no ho ban. Esiane biribi nti, ‘ofie’ yi betumi ayɛ kɛse dodo, na ama pituitary gland no ayɛ kɛse na ayɛ ketewaa.

Asɛmfua ‘sella turcica’ no fi Latin kasa mu, a ɛkyerɛ ‘Turkeyfo nkongua’. Wɔtoo din saa efisɛ ɛte sɛ ɔpɔnkɔ atenae. Nnipa binom a wɔwɔ ESS betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ hormone a ɛnkari pɛ , wɔn ti a wɔtaa yɛ wɔn yaw , ne nsakrae a ɛba wɔn ani so .

So wunim sɛ pituitary gland yɛ yɛn endocrine system , a ɛyɛ hormone nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw paa. It produces many important hormones in our body. Saa nkwaadɔm yi di ntini afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no so.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Empty Sella ne Empty Sella Syndrome ntam?

Eyi yɛ adwenem naayɛ kakra, enti tie no yiye. Ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nsɛmfua ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ ne ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu yare’ di dwuma de sesa de, nanso nsonsonoe ketewaa bi wɔ mu. Ne tiaatwa mu no, nkwammoaa a hwee nni mu yɛ nea wohu wɔ mframa mu , bere a nkwammoaa a hwee nni mu yare no yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea.

‘Empty Sella’ yɛ bere a wo pituitary gland no da adi sɛ ayɛ petee anaasɛ ayɛ ketewaa wɔ scan mu. Wɔ eyi mu no, nnuruyɛfo ntumi nhu pituitary gland no yiye wɔ scan no so. Enti, baabi a pituitary gland no wɔ a wɔfrɛ no sella turcica no te sɛ nea ‘ɛda mpan’. Ɛhɔ na edin ‘empty sella’ no fi.

Nanso, sella turcica no nyɛ nea hwee nni mu ankasa. Mpɛn pii no, amemene mu nsu (CSF) ahyɛ mu ma . Saa CSF yi ne nsu a ɛtwa yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo ho hyia na ɛbɔ ho ban. Wɔ ‘sella hunu’ tebea mu no, saa CSF nsu yi pue kɔ sella turcica no mu na ɛde nhyɛso ba pituitary gland no so. Saa nhyɛso no ma ntini no twetwe anaasɛ ɛyɛ petee.

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo hu ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ yi wɔ akwanhyia mu. Ɛne sɛ, bere a wɔyɛ ``(CT)`` scan anaa ``(MRI)`` scan wɔ ti no ho esiane biribi foforo nti.

Ɛwom mpo sɛ nnipa binom wɔ ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ wɔ wɔn scan ahorow mu de, nanso wontumi nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara na wɔn pituitary gland no tumi yɛ adwuma yiye.

Nanso, sɛ obi wɔ ‘empty sella’ na ne pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) . Syndrome yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa ho a wɔaboaboa ano. Nnipa a wɔwɔ ESS betumi anya nneɛma te sɛ hormone a ɛnkari pɛ, anisoadehu a ɛsakra, ne ti a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw.

Empty Sella ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, ɛnte saa?

Yiw, sɛ wo scan no hu ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ a, nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ mu abien: nea edi kan ne nea ɛto so abien.

• Primary Empty Sella (PES): Eyi ne bere a nnuruyɛfo ntumi nhu nea enti a ɛda adi pefee a ɛbɛma wo pituitary gland no ayɛ petee. Mpɛn pii no, sella a hwee nni mu titiriw no mma sella a hwee nni mu ho yare no mma. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛntaa mma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Secondary Empty Sell (SES): Eyi fi tebea foforo a wotumi hu a ɛka wo pituitary gland anaa sella turcica nhyehyɛe. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yare anaa adeyɛ foforo a ɛsɛe ade na ɛde ba. Wɔ sella a hwee nni mu a ɛto so abien (SES) mu no, ɛda adi sɛ sella a hwee nni mu yare no bɛba sen sella a hwee nni mu a ɛto so abien (PES) ho.

So Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yi de nkwa to asiane mu?

Dabi, Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) nyɛ tebea a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu. Wobetumi de nnuru a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn asa.

Afei nso, esiane sɛ w’amemene mu nhwehwɛmu ka sɛ ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɛde nkwa to asiane mu. Wɔ ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ mu dodow no ara mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ anaasɛ nkwammoaa a hwee nni mu ho yare biara nni hɔ.

Dwuma bɛn na Pituitary Gland di?

Pituitary gland yɛ endocrine gland a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛma hormone ahorow pii ba. Ɛsan nso ka kyerɛ ntini afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no mu no sɛ wonyi hormone ahorow mfi mu. Ɛyɛ:

• Adrenal ntini ahorow
• Ovaries (wɔ mmea mu) anaa testicles (wɔ mmarima mu) .
• Thyroid ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma

Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo. Wɔnam mogya no mu na wɔde nkrasɛm kɔ yɛn akwaa, ntini, ne ntini afoforo mu. Saa nkrasɛm yi kyerɛ nipadua no nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ.

Pituitary gland no ne hypothalamus a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene no mu no wɔ abusuabɔ.Ɛnam dua bi a wɔde mogya ntini ne ntini ahorow ayɛ so na ɛka bom. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ pituitary dua. Ɛnam saa dua yi so na hypothalamus no ne pituitary gland no kasa na ɛka sɛ, ‘Ɛyɛ, afei gyae saa hormone ahorow yi.’ Hypothalamus yɛ yɛn amemene no fã a ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, koma bɔ, nipadua mu hyew, ne aduan a wɔyam so.

Pituitary gland no titiriw na ɛyɛ hormone ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Eyi kanyan adrenal ntini no ma ɛyɛ hormone ahorow (e.g. cortisol) a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ adwennwen ho.
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH anaa vasopressin): Ɛhwɛ nipadua no mu nsu a ɛkari pɛ so.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Ɛboa ma mmea nkesua nyin na ɛma mmarima nya mmadwoa.
• Growth hormone (GH): Ɛboa yɛn nipadua ma enyin fi mmofraase kosi mpanyin afe so, titiriw wɔ nnompe ne ntini mu.
• Luteinizing hormone (LH): Ɛne FSH yɛ adwuma de boa awo nhyehyɛe no ma ɛyɛ adwuma. Ɛho hia ma ovulation wɔ mmea mu ne testosterone a wɔyɛ wɔ mmarima mu.
• (Oxytocin): ‍ .
• Prolactin: Ɛkanyan nufusu a wɔyɛ.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Ɛka kyerɛ thyroid ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu no sɛ ɛnyɛ thyroid hormone. Saa thyroid hormone ahorow yi na ɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua no de ahoɔden (metabolism) di dwuma ntɛmntɛm no so.

Ɛnyɛ saa hormone ahorow yi nyinaa na wɔyɛ no bere nyinaa. Wogyae dodow no ara wɔ mpaapaemu mu, bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako kosi abiɛsa biara.

Henanom na Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ka no kɛse?

Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso mmofra ne mpanyimfo nyinaa betumi anya empty sella syndrome (ESS).

Nanso, primary empty cell (PES) – a ɛkyerɛ nea epue wɔ scan nkutoo mu a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara – abu so bɛyɛ mpɛn anan wɔ mmea mu sen mmarima mu.

PES taa ba nnipa a wɔadi fi mfe 30 kosi 40. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba ntɛm wɔ mmea so sen mmarima. Mmea a wɔanyinsɛn bere nyinaa titiriw na asiane wom sɛ wobenya PES.

PES ntaa mma mmofra mu sen mpanyimfo. Sɛ ɛba a, ɛtaa de bata aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo te sɛ Turner yare, Moyamoya yare, ne Prader–Willi yare ho.

Eyi abu so dɛn?

Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ho yɛ na koraa. Nhwehwɛmufo binom bu akontaa sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ‘empty sella’ no mu nnu 1% na wonya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (i.e., wonya ESS).

Nanso, sella a hwee nni mu a wubenya a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni ho no abu so kɛse. Amanneɛbɔ ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ ebia ɔmanfo no mu 8% kosi 35% na wɔwɔ sella a hwee nni mu. Amanneɛbɔ afoforo kyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ 12% wɔ sella a hwee nni mu, a egyina amemene mu nhwehwɛmu a efii mu bae so.

Dɛn ne Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a ɛbata empty sella syndrome (ESS) ho ne tiyɛ a enni sabea. Nanso, nhwehwɛmufo da so ara ntumi nhu sɛ ebia ESS na ɛde saa tiyɛ yi ba anaasɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛbae ara kwa. Eyi te saa efisɛ nnipa pii a wɔwɔ ESS nso wɔ mogya mmoroso (hypertension), a sɛ ɛyɛ den a, ebetumi nso ama wɔn ti ayɛ wɔn yaw.

Mpɛn pii no, ESS ma hormone ahorow a ɛnkari pɛ esiane sɛnea ɛsɛe pituitary gland no nti. Nnipa a wɔwɔ ESS betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egyina sɛnea wɔn pituitary gland asɛe ne hormone ahorow a ɛka wɔn so. Sɛ wowɔ ESS a, ebia wubenya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi bi:

• Nsu a ɛnyɛ nufusu a efi nufu mu (galactorrhea) (eyi betumi ato mmarima nso) .
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu ɔhaw ( ma mmarima) .
• Brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa anaasɛ brayɛ a enni hɔ koraa (amenorrhea) (ma mmea) .
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho akɔnnɔ a ɛso tew anaasɛ ɛyera (ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho akɔnnɔ a ɛba fam) .
• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa (Ɔbrɛ) .

Ɛntaa mma sɛ nnipa binom a wɔwɔ ESS nso betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ti nhwi no mu (benign intracranial pressure) .
• Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea (CSF a ɛtwetwe fi hwene mu) .
• Optic disc a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu a ɛho ahonhon (papilledema) esiane nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ti nhwi no mu nti
• Sɛ nhwɛso no, anisoadehu sesa, anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu.

Bio nso, wubetumi anya ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ wɔ amemene mu nhwehwɛmu mu, nanso ebia worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nokwarem no, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ ‘nkwaboaa a hwee nni mu’ no nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara na wɔrennya bi da.

So Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ma obi mu duru yɛ kɛse?

Sɛ wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) a ɛdɔɔso esiane empty sella syndrome (ESS) nti a, hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ wo mu duru bɛkɔ soro.

TSH kanyan thyroid gland a ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim, wɔ honam ani no ma ɛma thyroid hormone ahorow no fi adi. Adwuma titiriw a thyroid ntini no yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛyɛ thyroid hormone ahorow, a ɛhwɛ sɛnea wodan aduan a wudi no ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden, anaasɛ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no so .

Sɛ wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ TSH a ɛdɔɔso esiane ESS nti a, ebia wo thyroid gland no ntumi nyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso. Eyi betumi ama wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ayɛ brɛoo esiane thyroid hormone dodow a ɛba fam nti, na ebetumi ama wo mu duru ayɛ kɛse.

Dɛn na ɛde Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ba?

Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) betumi afi primary empty sella (PES) anaa secondary empty sella (SES) mu aba. Nanso, secondary empty sella (SES) na ɛda adi sɛ ɛde ESS ba.

Nneɛma a Ɛde Primary Empty Sella Syndrome (PES) Ba .

Primary esophagitis (PES) ba bere a ntini a ɛkata w’amemene no akyi (arachnoid layer) no biako, sella turcica, butu kɔ mu, na ɛmia pituitary gland no.

Nnuruyɛfo ntumi nhu nea ɛde primary empty sella syndrome ba ankasa.

Nsusuwii biako ne sɛ mmerɛwyɛ a efi awo mu wɔ ntini a ɛkata amemene no so no ma amemene mu nsu (CSF) kɔ sella turcica no mu, na ɛma pituitary gland no yɛ petee. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ɛtaa yɛ den sɛ wobehu pituitary gland no wɔ scan mu, nanso ɛtaa yɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ, enti empty sella syndrome mma.

Nneɛma a Ɛde Ɔbarima ne Ɔbea Nna a Ɛto so Abien (SES) Ba .

Secondary empty sella (SES) ba bere a yare anaa adeyɛ foforo asɛe wo pituitary gland anaa sella turcica no. Enti, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de SES aba. Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde ɔsɛe yi ba ne:

• Amemene mu akisikuru .
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare .
• Amemene mu oprehyɛn a wɔyɛe wɔ beae a atwa pituitary gland no ho ahyia no.
• Ti a opira kɛse, sɛ nhwɛso no, amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu.

Nneɛma pɔtee afoforo bi a ebetumi aka akisikuru a ɛto so abien a ɛda mpan no ni:

• Amemene mu akisikuru: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a amemene mu akisikuru betumi ama nhyɛso atwa w’amemene no ho akɔ soro (intracranial pressure), a ebetumi apia pituitary gland no.
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): IIH yɛ nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ti nhwi no mu esiane amemene mu nsu (CSF) a ɛboaboa ano wɔ w’amemene no ho nti. Saa nhyɛso a ɛboro so yi betumi amia pituitary gland no.
• Pituitary adenomas: Eyinom yɛ akisikuru a ɛba wɔ pituitary gland no mu. Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ kokoram (benign). Saa adenomas yi betumi de nhyɛso aba pituitary gland no so na asɛe no.
• Sheehan yare: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba sɛ mogya tu dodo a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu bere a wɔrewo a. Eyi betumi ama nipadua no anya mframa pa na asɛe pituitary gland no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS)?

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo hu sella a hwee nni mu wɔ akwanhyia mu, bere a wɔyɛ ti scan esiane biribi foforo nti no. Afei nso, nnipa pii a wɔwɔ sella a hwee nni mu no nnya sella hunu yare anaasɛ wonnya sɛnkyerɛnne biara da.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa empty cell syndrome ho, te sɛ tiyɛ a ɛtaa yɛ wo yaw ne hormone a ɛnkari pɛ a, wo duruyɛfo bebisa wo w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu, na ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ wo ti ne w’amemene mu nhwehwɛmu.

Scan ahorow a wɔde hu ESS ne:

• Amemene mu CT (computed tomography) scan: CT scan yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so de X-ray ne kɔmputa twa w’amemene ne pituitary gland mfonini a emu da hɔ.
• `(MRI)` (magnetic resonance imaging) : `(MRI)` ‍ .

Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo, te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, de hwɛ sɛnea wo hormone dodow te.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, nnuruyɛfo nso betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom de ahwɛ sɛ nhyɛso akɔ soro wɔ w’amemene mu anaa:

• Ma aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bi nhwehwɛ w’aniwa a ɛwɔ w’aniwa mu no mu.
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) – Eyi susuw nhyɛso a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu nsu no mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS)?

Sɛ wo scan ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ ‘nkwaboaa hunu’ mpo a, sɛ wo pituitary gland reyɛ adwuma yiye a, worenhia ayaresa biara. Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so mpɛn pii.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) na wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ayaresa no yɛ nnuru a wɔde siesie hormone dodow a ɛba fam no. Ɛne sɛ, wogyina hormone a ɛba fam so na ɛkyerɛ aduru no.

Sɛ ESS ma amemene mu nsu (CSF) fi wo hwene mu (CSF rhinorrhea) a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn de siesie wo sella turcica.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛde Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ba?

Nnuruyɛfo nnim nea ɛde empty sella syndrome ba nnipa binom a wɔwɔ empty sella syndrome no ankasa. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ empty sella syndrome bɛba wɔ secondary empty sella (SES) ho sen primary empty sella (PES) mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ biribi foforo te sɛ amemene mu akisikuru, mframa a wɔde sa yare, anaa ti a woapira na ɛde sella a hwee nni mu no ba a, ɛda adi sɛ wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow.

Dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ a ɛwɔ hɔ ma obi a ɔwɔ Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS)?

Mpɛn pii no, anidaso a ɛwɔ obi a ɔwɔ empty sella syndrome (ESS) ho no ye. Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa hormone a ɛnkari pɛ. Sɛ wowɔ hormone a ɛnkari pɛ esiane ESS nti a, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru wo nkwa nna nyinaa.

Sɛ wowɔ empty cell syndrome a, bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

‍ (ESS) , , , .

Sɛ worenom nnuru a wɔde sa hormone a ɛnkari pɛ esiane yafunu a ɛda mpan nti a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na woahwɛ ahu sɛ w’aduru no reyɛ adwuma yiye.

Enti, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyi mu?

Wiɛ, Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa ankasa. Nanso, ɛtaa ba sɛ wubehu sɛ wowɔ biribi a wɔfrɛ no ‘nkwaboaa hunu’ wɔ amemene mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Enti mma wo ho dwiriw wo esiane sɛ oduruyɛfo bi ka saa nti. Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔwɔ ‘empty cell’ no nnya sɛnkyerɛnne biara na wonnya Empty Sella Syndrome.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa wo scan amanneɛbɔ ho a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so yiye ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara.

` Empty Sella Syndrome, Pituitary ntini, Nkwammoaa, Amemene mu nhwehwɛmu, Sellae Tursica