Momma yensua pii fa aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu ho. Eyi ho hia paa na ama woabɔ w’ani ho ban!

So wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Ebia nnipa binom besusuw sɛ eyi ho hia ma nnipa a wɔhyɛ ahwehwɛ nkutoo. Nanso nokwarem no, sɔhwɛ yi ho hia yiye sɛ obiara hu sɛnea yɛn anisoadehu ne yɛn akwahosan te ankasa. Sɛ wowɔ tebea horow bi a enni sabea a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔtaa hwɛ w’ani.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ adeyɛ a aniwa akwahosan ho ɔbenfo hwɛ w’ani, w’aso, ne w’ani akwahosan. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ yaw. Etumi hu nsakrae nketenkete mpo wɔ w’ani so ntɛm. Eyi betumi ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa wɔn yare ansa na wɔabɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse.

Hena na ɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu yi?

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubehu sɛ ɛnyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu nyinaa na ɛyɛ pɛ. Wɔyɛ ebinom ma atirimpɔw pɔtee bi, bere a afoforo nso yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ no nyinaa. Afei nso, nnuruyɛfo atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi:

• Aniwa ho animdefoɔ: Eyinom yɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (`MD - Medical Doctor` anaa `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`), a ɛkyerɛ sɛ, wɔ mfeɛ nnan a wɔde ayɛ aduruyɛ sukuu adesua akyi no, wɔanya mfeɛ nnan foforɔ nteteeɛ soronko (residency) wɔ aniwa mu nyarewa ho. Ebinom yɛ ntetee foforo (`fellowships`) wɔ mmeae titiriw mpo. Wɔn na wɔtaa yɛ `ani oprehyɛn`.
• Aniwa ho animdefo: Wosua aniwa ho adesua mfe anan na wonya Doctor of Optometry (OD) abodin krataa. Ebinom nso yɛ afe biako ntetee a wɔde ma wɔ baabi a wɔte hɔ. Wotumi hu aniwa mu nyarewa ahorow nyinaa na wɔsa. Nanso, wontumi nyɛ oprehyɛn.
• Aniwa ho animdefo: Eyinom nso yɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔhwɛ aniwa so, nanso wɔnhwehwɛ w’ani mu. Wɔboa wo ma wopaw ahwehwɛ a ɛfata wo, susuw wo ti ne w’ani, na wosiesie w’aniwa ahwehwɛ. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ a ɛboa ma woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu.

Susuw ho hwɛ, ɛte sɛ nea wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa bere a wowɔ atiridiinini no, nanso sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu haw a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi nkyɛn.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi?

Ɔkwan biako a wobɛfa so akyekyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu ne atirimpɔw a woreyɛ no.

• Routine/General exams: Wɔyɛ eyinom ma aniwa no, te sɛ afe afe `checkup` a wɔyɛ ma nipadua no ara pɛ. Wɔtaa yɛ eyinom ma nnipa a wonni aniwa mu yare biara anaasɛ wohia ahwehwɛ nkutoo na ama wɔasiesie wɔn ani so.
• Sɔhwɛ a wɔde di akyi: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ soronko kakra. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi de ahwɛ tebea no wɔ aniwa akwanhyia anaa oprehyɛn a atwam akyi. Afei nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ asikreyare anaa aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no taa hia nhwehwɛmu a edi akyi.
• Aduruyɛ/Ntɛmpɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ eyinom bere a wosusuw sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ w’ani so, titiriw wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa a opira, aniwa a ɛyera mpofirim, ti a opira, ne nea ɛkeka ho.

Dɛn na wɔhwehwɛ wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu? Nneɛma bɛn na ɛka ho?

Afã atitiriw bɛyɛ 13 na ɛwɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ, anaasɛ ``ɛyɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri``. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Nea edi kan no, afã ason na ɛhwɛ sɛnea w’ani yɛ adwuma ne sɛnea ɛda adi fi akyi:

1. Sɛnea wutumi hu ade yiye: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wubetumi ahu ade yiye. Wɔtaa de Snellen nhyehyɛe susuw eyi . So woahu nhyehyɛe bi wɔ ɔfasu no so a nkyerɛwde kɛse bi wɔ soro na nkyerɛwde nketewa wɔ so bere a worekɔ fam no pɛn? Ɛno ne nea ɛte.

2. Nneɛma a wotumi hu ade: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea aniwa biara betumi ahu w’anisoadehu no fã biara yiye. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia anifuraefo bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

3. Kankyee ne sɛnea ɛne ne ho hyia: Eyi hwɛ sɛ w’ani ahyia yiye na ebetumi akɔ mmeae nyinaa a worenhinhim wo ti anaa. Oduruyɛfo no bɛbom ahwɛ aniwa biako ne aniwa abien no nyinaa.

4. Conjunctiva: Eyi ne ntini a ɛyɛ tratraa a emu da hɔ a ɛkata w’aniwa fã fitaa (`sclera`) ne w’aniwa mu. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwehwɛ eyi mu.

5. Akyi ntini a atwa ho ahyia (Ocular adnexa): Eyi ka aniwa no kurukuruwa ne w’ani ne w’anim afã afoforo ho. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛ saa afã horow yi te sɛ w’aniwa, nusu ntini, ne ntini a ɛwɔ w’aso anim no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.

6. Aniwa ne iris: Aniwa no yɛ ɔfã tuntum a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛwɔ w’ani mfinimfini. Iris yɛ mprɛte a atwa ho ahyia a ɛma w’ani kɔla. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛnea aniwa no yɛ n’ade wɔ hann ho (‘pupillary reflexes’).

7. Nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa mu: Eyi kyerɛ nsu a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no nhyɛso denam mframa a ɛbɔ kɔ mu no so. Sɛ nhyɛso no yɛ kɛse a, ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi te sɛ atiridiinini ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Afei, aniwa ho ɔbenfo no de adwinnade titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no kanea a wɔapaapae mu bɛhwɛ aniwa no afã horow anum . Eyi wɔ kanea ne ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse. Eyi ma wutumi hu aniwa no mu yiye. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi de nnuru a ɛbɛma w’aniwa atrɛw anaasɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma de ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

8. Cornea: Eyi te sɛ w’ani anim. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahwɛ sɛ ɛwɔ tebea pa mu denam kanea a wɔapaapae mu a ɔbɛhwɛ so.

9. Anim dan: .Saa dan a ɛwɔ aniwa no anim yi na nsu a ɛyɛ aseresɛm , iris, ne lens no wɔ. Wobetumi de kanea a wɔapaapae mu ahu eyinom yiye na wɔabɛn. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu nsakrae a ɛba tebea horow te sɛ angle-closure glaucoma mu . Eyi ba bere a nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hu no mu no kɔ soro, na ɛmma nsu no ntumi nkɔ anaasɛ ɛnkɔ yiye no.

10. Ahwehwɛ: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛnea ahwehwɛ no mu da hɔ na sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ no.

11. Aniwa ntini: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ aniwa ntini (beae a aniwa ntini no ne aniwa no di nkitaho) ne aniwa kuruwa (beae a ɛte sɛ kuruwa a ɛwɔ diski no mfinimfini) . Wɔbɛhwɛ sɛnea kuruwa ne disk ntam nso. Sɛ saa dodow yi sua a, asiane betumi aba sɛ obi benya tebea horow te sɛ ischemic optic neuropathy .

12. Retina: Kanea a wɔapaapae mu no ma oduruyɛfo no tumi hwɛ hann a ɛwɔ w’ani akyi yi yiye. Ɔbɛhwɛ sɛ nwi ayɛ nwi, ne kɔla asesa, anaa asɛe anaa.

Dɛn nti na wubisa nneɛma te sɛ baabi a wowɔ ne bere a ɛyɛ?

13. Bere, beae ne onipa ho akwankyerɛ: Ɔfa a ɛto so 13 yi hwɛ sɛnea w’amemene reyɛ adwuma yiye. Eyi nyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu biara fã, nanso ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse wɔ tebea horow bi mu. Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo no betumi asusuw eyi ho bere a ɔne wo akasa awie no.

• Bere a wɔde kyerɛ: So wunim bere a ɛyɛ ne da a ɛyɛ?
• Ɔkwan a wobɛfa so akɔ beae: So wunim baabi a wowɔ ne nea woreyɛ?
• Ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyerɛ onipa no: So wunim wo din ne wo ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri?

Bere a ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea nsɛmmisa yi yɛ nwonwa ma aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛho hia sɛ wobisa, efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne nso betumi ama woanya amemene mu haw ahorow ho nsɛnkyerɛnne.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ansa na woakɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛho nhia sɛ wosiesie wɔn ho pii ma afe afe nhwehwɛmu anaa nea wobedi akyi. Ɛte sɛ nea wokɔ afe afe nhwehwɛmu, wubetumi akɔ mu, akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, na afei woasan akɔ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow so.

Nanso, ade biako wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Fa nnuru, vitamin, ne nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho a wonom nyinaa ho kyerɛwtohɔ a edi mũ bra. Ɛho hia sɛ w’ani ho ɔbenfo no hu eyinom sɛ sɔhwɛ no fã, sɛ mpo ntease ahorow a ɛne w’ani nni abusuabɔ nti na worenom a. Afei nso, fa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ a wowɔ mprempren, ahwehwɛ a wode hwɛ ade, ne nnuru biara a woakyerɛw dedaw no bra.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu?

Bere a woreyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu no, w’ani ho oduruyɛfo bebisa wo nsɛm afa w’anisoadehu, nsakrae anaa ɔhaw biara a woahu nnansa yi, ne aduruyɛ mu nsɛm anaa nsakrae biara a aba nnansa yi wɔ w’asetra mu ho. Afei, wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no pii. Ebia wɔbɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu afoforo a egyina wo tebea so nso akyerɛ. W’ani duruyɛfo bɛka nhwehwɛmu afoforo yi ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo.

Sɛ wotrɛw w’aniwa mu a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma aniwa ho ɔbenfo no sɛ obehu w’aniwa mu. Oduruyɛfo no de nnuru di dwuma de ma w’aniwa ntini no dwo bere tiaa bi. Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ebue. Afei wobetumi ahwɛ w’ani mu ahwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a anka ebia wɔrenhu anaa.

Sɛ wowɔ refractive error na wuhia ahwehwɛ a, w’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛsusuw mfomso a ɛwɔ w’ani biara mu no. Afei wobetumi akyerɛw aduru a wɔakyerɛw ama ahwehwɛ a ɛbɛsiesie mfomso no. Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, wobetumi asusuw w’aniwa ntini titiriw nso de ahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛfata.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa wie a, w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea wohui ne sɛnea ɛka wo no mu. Sɛ wohu sɛ wuhia ahwehwɛ a, wɔbɛma wo krataa anaa dijitaal krataa a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no. Sɛnea mmara kyerɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma wo bi, sɛ wompɛ mpo a. Wɔ aman bi so no, mmara no hwehwɛ mpo sɛ wɔde wo pupillary distance a ɛyɛ w’ani tuntum ntam kwan bere a woretɔ ahwehwɛ wɔ Intanɛt so no ka wo nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma wo no ho. Bere a mmeae dodow no ara nhwehwɛ sɛ wosusuw saa no, sɛ wubisa a, nnuruyɛfo binom de bɛma.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ w’aniwa no atrɛw a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn – te sɛ wo fon, kɔmputa so, anaa nhoma – pefee bere tiaa bi wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Kanea, awia hann, ne hann a efi mfiri no screen so mpo betumi ama obi ayɛ basaa na wayɛ yaw.

Wubetumi de ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia aba na woahyɛ wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Ɛno bɛboa kakra. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea no bɛma wo bere tiaa mu sunsuma anaa nkataso a wode bɛhyɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no so. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom rentumi nhu ade yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛka kar bere a wɔatrɛw wɔn ani mu awie no, enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubenya obi a ɔne wo bɛkɔ anaasɛ ɔbɛka wo ho.

So asiane anaa nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu?

Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu fã biako pɛ a ebetumi de asiane anaa ɔhaw bi aba ne nnuru a wɔde ma w’ani tuntum no yɛ kɛse. Ebia wubenya nsunsuanso bɔne sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo den wɔ ho a. Ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egyina aduru no so, nanso ɛntaa nsi na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nketenkete. Sɛ woayɛ w’ade wɔ aduru yi ho pɛn a, ka kyerɛ w’ani duruyɛfo. Ebia wobetumi akamfo ɔkwan foforo a wɔbɛfa so ayɛ saa akyerɛ.

Dɛn na efi aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba? Dɛn na wɔka kyerɛ yɛn?

W’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛka nea wohui akyerɛ wo, bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no anaasɛ bere a wɔawie no. Wɔbɛkamfo ayaresa ne nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔbɛyɛ akyerɛ. Sɛ wuhia ahwehwɛ a, wɔbɛkyerɛw nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo nso.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ m’ani ho ɔbenfo?

Wo ne w’ani ho ɔbenfo nkasa bere a wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so ara pɛ, titiriw sɛ ɛba nkakrankakra bere kɔ so a. Nea ebetumi aka eyi ho ne sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛkenkan nkyerɛwde nketewa anaa akyerɛw, kɔla a obehu no so atew, n’ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyɛ den, anaa ti a ɛyɛ no yaw wɔ da no awiei.

Aduruyɛ mu ntɛmpɛ yɛ aniwa a ɛyera mpofirim a wɔnhwɛ kwan, wɔ aniwa biako anaa abien no nyinaa mu, anaa ne fã bi anaa ne nyinaa mu. Tebea horow a ɛde ba no bi betumi ama obi ani abere daa. Ebinom betumi de wɔn nkwa ato asiane mu. Aniwa a ɛyera mpofirim no betumi ayɛ:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛreyera.
• Esum a ɛwɔ hɔ.
• Nkate a ɛfa ntama tuntum bi a ɛkata anisoadehu no fã anaa ne nyinaa so wɔ aniwa biako anaa abien no nyinaa mu.
• Te sɛ nea akanea a ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ hann a ɛhyerɛn no siw anisoadehu kwan fã bi anaa koraa.

Tebea horow bi te sɛ atiridiinini betumi ama obi ani abere bere tiaa bi. Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ebetumi ama w’ani so atew bere tiaa bi a, wo ne w’ani ho ɔbenfo anaa oduruyɛfo nkasa. Wobetumi akyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ w’ani so yera ne sɛnea wubehu sɛ wuhia ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ anaa.

Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ m’ani mu nhwehwɛmu?

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa dodow no ara aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ afe anaa abien biara . Sɛ mpo wowɔ 20/20 anisoadehu , ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu. Sɛnea afe afe nhwehwɛmu betumi akyere nyarewa a ɛmma wonnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no, saa ara na aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu akwahosan ne aniwa mu haw ahorow a wuntumi nhu anaa nte nka.

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔtaa hwɛ nnipa a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya aniwa mu nyarewa anaa aniwa mu haw. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wɔtaa hwɛ w’ani, te sɛ:

• Sɛ woadi boro mfe 60 a.
• Sɛ woyɛ abibifo anaa Hispanic abusua mu a.
• Sɛ wo mu duru boro so anaasɛ woyɛ kɛse mmoroso (kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wo BMI - Body Mass Index yɛ 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa a).
• Sɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho yare bi, te sɛ asikreyare , a ebetumi ama w’ani ayɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wobɛhwere w’ani.
• Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ aniwa mu yare ho abakɔsɛm a.
• Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a.
• Sɛ woadi kan ayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn, woapira w’ani, anaasɛ woadi kan asɛe w’ani esiane nyarewa te sɛ akisikuru nti .

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ biribi a wubetumi ayɛ daa, te sɛ afe afe nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ w’ani so. Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu aniwa ne amemene mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm.

Ebia wubesusuw sɛ enhia sɛ wɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa (titiriw sɛ woanhyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a), nanso ɛda so ara yɛ adwene pa sɛ wubenya. Sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu a, wubetumi ahu ɔhaw ahorow ansa na woanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Afei, wubetumi ahu ade yiye na woanya apɔwmuden, sen sɛ wobɛsɛe. Enti, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani so!

` Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, aniwa akwahosan, anisoadehu, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ahwehwɛ