So wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Sɛ yɛkɔ a, yɛtaa dwene sɛ ebia yɛn ani reyɛ asɛe ne sɛ ebia yehia ahwehwɛ. Nanso so wunim sɛ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo hwehwɛ w’ani ho nsɛm pii mu? Sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia saa no biako ne Visual Field Test. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ, nanso ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye a ɛnyɛ yaw. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka biribiara ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den koraa so.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne saa Visual Field Test yi?
Fa no sɛ worehwɛ w’anim tẽẽ. Range a wubetumi ahu nyinaa bere a wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ, a worenhinhim wo ti anaa w’ani, kyerɛ sɛ, range a wubetumi ahu no nyinaa wɔ afã horow nyinaa, soro, fam, nifa, ne benkum, ne nea yɛfrɛ no aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ worehwɛ w’anim tẽẽ mpo a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuntumi nhu obiara a ofi afã abien no nyinaa reba, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no peripheral vision . Nea worehwɛ no tẽẽ no, wɔfrɛ no mfinimfini anisoadehu .
Enti, nea saa Visual Field Test yi yɛ ne sɛ "map" w'anisoadehu field nyinaa, kyerɛ sɛ, nea wubetumi ahu no nyinaa. Ɛte sɛ Sri Lanka asase mfonini, na ɛhwɛ sɛnea wo asase mfonini a wode aniwa hu no te.
Saa sɔhwɛ yi susuw nneɛma atitiriw abien:
1. W’anisoadehu no trɛw dɛn? - wei kyerε sε wobεtumi ahunu soro, ase, benkum, ne nifa bere a wo hwε w’anim tẽẽ a worenhinhim wo ti.
2. W’ani a wotumi hu ade no te dɛn? - wo wo anisoadehunu no nyinaa mu no, mmeae bi da adi pefee, mmeae bi nso ye hare, na mmeae bi nso ye a wonnhunu koraa. Enti eyi nso kyerɛ wo sɛnea w’anisoadehu no yɛ nkate wɔ saa mmeae yi mu biara.
Mpɛn pii no, yɛn aniwa hu yɛn anim tẽẽ yiye. Ɛno nti na sɛ yɛpɛ sɛ yehu biribi pefee a, yɛdan yɛn ti kɔ saa kwan no so na yɛhwɛ yɛn anim tẽẽ no. Bere a yɛtwe yɛn ho fi mfinimfini no, yɛn ani so yɛ mmerɛw kakra. Sɛ yɛkɔ akyirikyiri dodo a, ade no yera fi yɛn ani so koraa.
Dɛn nti na sɔhwɛ yi ho hia saa?
Sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobetumi ayɛ eyi sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no fã. Saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia yiye efisɛ etumi hu tebea horow bi a ebetumi asɛe aniwa no wɔ kokoam ntɛm, ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne biara ada adi.
Nhwɛso a eye sen biara ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no glaucoma . Sɛ glaucoma nya a, nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no yɛ kɛse, na ɛde nkakrankakra sɛe aniwa ntini a ɛka aniwa no ne amemene no bom no. Ade a edi kan a ɛyera ne anisoadehu a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Nanso esiane sɛ eyi kɔ so nkakrankakra nti, nnipa pii nhu nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ aniwa mu sɔhwɛ a, wobetumi ahu saa anisoadehu a wɔhwere yi, saa "anifuraefo mmeae" yi pefee.
Saa sɔhwɛ yi nso ma oduruyɛfo no nya nsɛm pii fa sɛnea yɛn aniwa nhyehyɛe no yɛ adwuma ho. Yɛn aniwa nhyehyɛe no wɔ afã atitiriw abiɛsa:
- Retina: Eyi wɔ aniwa no mu. Ɛte sɛ sini a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no. Ɛdan hann a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne.
- Optic Nerve: Eyi ne "cable" a ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛba wɔ retina no mu kɔ amemene no mu.
- Amemene: Amemene no gye saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi, hwehwɛ mu, na ɛdan mfonini a yehu no.
Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ saa mmeae abiɛsa yi mu biara a, ɛbɛda adi wɔ wo Visual Field Test no aba mu. Nsakrae ahorow pɔtee bi wɔ asase mfonini a wɔde aniwa hu yi mu a ɛfa nyarewa ahorow ho. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo sua saa nhwɛso ahorow yi ho ade a, obetumi asusuw tebea ko a wowɔ ho.
Dɛn ne aduruyɛ mu tebea atitiriw a wɔde yɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi anaa wususuw sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Wɔde nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba no di dwuma de hu yare no na wɔhwɛ sɛ ebia yare bi nni so anaasɛ ɛreyɛ kɛse.
| Aduruyɛ mu tebea | Nnianim asɛm tiawa |
|---|---|
| Glaucoma a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew | Aniwa ntini a ɛsɛe esiane nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ aniwa no mu nti. Anisoadehu a ɛwɔ akyi no yera kan. |
| Nnwodwoɔ | Mogya a ɛnkɔ amemene no mu a ɛnkɔ yiye no betumi asɛe amemene no afã horow a ɛfa anisoadehu ho. |
| Macular Degeneration a Ɛyɛ Fɛ | Ɔsɛe a ɛba retina no mfinimfini fã (macula). Ɛma adwene a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no hwere. |
| Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (MS) . | Yare a ɛsɛe ntini a ɛwɔ amemene ne akyi berɛmo mu. Ebetumi aka aniwa ntini no nso. |
| Graves Nyarewa | Tebea a thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so de ba. Ebia aniwa no ahonhon na aniwa ntini no betumi ayɛ mia. |
| Pituitary Gland Yare a Ɛyare | Akisikuru a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no betumi ama aniwa ntini no amia. |
| Anifuraefo (Scotoma) . | Nsonsonoe a ɛda adi wɔ anisoadehu mu, aniwa a ɛyera koraa anaa ne fã bi. |
Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa binom kɔ so yɛ sɔhwɛ yi?
Eyi nso yɛ asɛm a nnipa pii bisa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi na waka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ bio wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi. Anaasɛ ebia ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ san yɛ bio wɔ asram kakraa bi akyi, afe biako. Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa.
1. Hwɛ nea efii mu bae: Fa no sɛ na woabrɛ da a wɔyɛɛ sɔhwɛ no, anaasɛ na w’adwene a wode besi biribi so no nyɛ papa. Afei ebia mfomso nketenkete bɛba nea ebefi mu aba no mu. Enti, wobɛtumi abisa sɛ wobɛsan ayɛ sɔhwɛ no bio de ahwɛ sɛ nea ɛfiri mu ba no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ 100%.
2. Hwɛ wo tebea no so: Eyi ne ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa. Titiriw wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea horow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ te sɛ atiridiinini fam no, wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere ne bere mu. Afei obetumi ahu sɛ ebia aduru a worenom no reyɛ adwuma yiye, sɛ yare no reyɛ kɛse, anaasɛ wɔatumi adi so. Eyi te sɛ obi a ɔwɔ asikreyare asikre dodow a wobɛhwɛ anaasɛ obi a ɔwɔ mogya mmoroso mogya mmoroso a wobɛhwɛ.
Saa nhwehwɛmu yi ho hia ma obi a ɔwɔ atiridiinini. Ɛyɛ ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ worehwere w’anisoadehu a wunnim. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn da biara na woyɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?
Ɛho nhia sɛ wosiesie wo ho pii da a edi sɔhwɛ yi anim. Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛde ɔhaw anaa ɛyaw biara ba nipadua no so.
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ayɛ Visual Field Test. Nanso ade a ɛtaa ba wɔ akwan yi nyinaa mu ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ beae biako tẽẽ. Bere a woreyɛ saa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wode sɛnkyerɛnne bi ma bere a wuhu kanea anaa ade bi a efi afã abien no nyinaa reba ara pɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode saa sɛnkyerɛnne no ma denam bɔtn ketewaa bi a wobɛmia wɔ wo nsa so no so.
Sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu no yiye a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’anim tẽẽ sɛnea oduruyɛfo anaa mfiridwumayɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo no.
Sɔhwɛ akwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara
Eyinom nyɛ akwan a ɛyɛ den yiye a wɔtaa yɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw.
- Amsler Grid: Eyi te sɛ sodifo a ɛyɛ ahinanan. Ɛwɔ nsensanee kɛse bi wɔ mfinimfini. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ara ne sɛ wobɛto w’ani biako mu na wode w’ani foforo no ahwɛ nsensanee a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no. Bere a worehwɛ no, sɛ nhama a ɛwɔ ahinanan no mu no atrɛw, abubu, ayɛ nsensanee, anaasɛ ayɛ kusuu wɔ mmeae bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no. Eyi sɔ w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no hwɛ titiriw.
- Confrontation Visual Field Test: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no te w’anim, bɛyɛ anammɔn 3 kosi 4. Woto w’ani biako mu na wohwɛ oduruyɛfo no hwene tẽẽ. Oduruyɛfo no teɛ ne nsa kɔ nkyɛnkyɛn na ɔde ba mu Sɛ wuhu ne nsa a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ no. Eyi ma wunya adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ baabi a w’aniwa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no kodu no ho.
Sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛyɛ nokware kɛse, nnɛyi sɔhwɛ ahorow (Perimetry Tests) .
Eyinom yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde kɔmputa boa a ɛma nea efi mu ba no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛkɔ akyiri. Wɔtaa frɛ eyinom sɛ perimetry sɔhwɛ ahorow.
| Sɔhwɛ su | Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ? | Nhwɛso ahorow a agye din |
|---|---|---|
| Kinetic Perimetry a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma | Ɛha no, hann bi fi baabi a wotumi hu ade no akyi kɔ mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne bere a wuhu ara pɛ. | Goldmann Perimetry Sɔhwɛ a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma |
| Static Perimetry a Wɔde Di Dwuma | Wode wo ti to afiri bi a ɛte sɛ kuruwa mu na wohwɛ baabi a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no denneennen. Wɔ mmeae ahorow wɔ afiri no mu no, hann nsensanee a ɛsono ne hyerɛn hyerɛn na edum. Sɛ wuhu kanea no ara pɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ womia bɔtn bi a ɛwɔ wo nsam. | Humphrey Mfuw mu Nhwehwɛmufo, Octopus Perimetry |
Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow a egyina kɔmputa so yi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ efisɛ ɛma wo ti kɔ baabi koro, w’ani gyina hɔ, na ɛsusuw sɛnea wohu ade pɛpɛɛpɛ denam hann no hyerɛn a ɛsakra no so. Wobetumi nso de nea efi mu ba no atoto nea efi obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu ba no ho.
Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ yi gye?
Mpɛn pii no, egye simma 5 kosi 10 na wɔde asɔ aniwa biako ahwɛ, enti eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛware na ɛyɛ ɔbrɛ.
Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?
Oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea efii sɔhwɛ no mu bae mu akyerɛ wo, a ɛyɛ wo "anisoadehu asase mfonini."
- Nea efi mu ba "Normal": Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw biara nni w'aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade no mu, anifuraefo nni hɔ.
- Nea efi mu ba "Abnormal": Eyi kyerɛ sɛ w'ani so atew wɔ w'ani so mmeae bi. Saa anisoadehu a ɛyera yi betumi ayɛ baabi ketewaa bi anaasɛ atrɛw wɔ beae kɛse bi.
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛnea anisoadehu a ɛyera yi yɛ. Ne titiriw no, ɛhe na mmeae a ɛyɛ sum yi wɔ asase mfonini no so? Ɛdenam saa nhyehyɛe no a wubesua so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi anya ayaresa tebea a ɛhyɛ wo ase no ho adwene pa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nsonsonoe a ɛda adi pefee wɔ sɛnea akisikuru a ɛwɔ pituitary mu ma obi nhu ade yiye ne sɛnea akisikuru a ɛma obi nhu ade yiye no mu.
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, mma ɛnhaw wo. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a ɛte saa, nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi, ne ayaresa biara a ɛho hia mu pefee.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ wuhu nsakrae foforo biara anaasɛ ɛnyɛ wo dɛ wɔ w’ani so a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn .
Sɛ wohwere w’ani so mpofirim anaa wote w’ani mu yaw kɛse a, ɛyɛ ntɛmpɛ. Kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ntɛm ara.
Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ apɔwmuden mpo a, ɛho da so ara hia sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa efisɛ ɛno ne bere a wubetumi ahu aniwa mu tebea horow a ebia wunnim na woasa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Visual Field Test yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyaw nnim a ɛsusuw w’anisoadehu nyinaa (anisoadehu kwan).
- Eyi betumi ama woanya nsɛm a ɛfa w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no ho, ne w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a ɛyɛ beae a wubetumi ahu ade wɔ afã abien no nyinaa.
- Saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia yiye na ama wɔahu nyarewa te sɛ atiridiinini ntɛm, ansa na wɔada sɛnkyerɛnne biara adi.
- Sɛ worenya aniwa mu yare bi ho ayaresa dedaw a, sɔhwɛ yi boa ma wohwɛ sɛ saa ayaresa no di yiye anaa.
- Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’anisoadehu mu a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
- Sɛ ɔhaw biara nni hɔ mpo a, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ daa no so wɔ mfaso kɛse ma w’ani akwahosan.
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