Dɛn na ɛwɔ w’ani mu? Momma yɛnhwɛ (Fundoscopy/Ophthalmoscopy) sɔhwɛ no!

So woasusuw nea oduruyɛfo hu ankasa bere a ɔhyerɛn hann ketewaa bi wɔ w’ani so no ho pɛn? Ɛno ne nea yɛbɛka ho asɛm nnɛ, a wɔfrɛ no ``Fundoscopy'' anaa ``Ophthalmoscopy.'' Nokwarem no, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, nanso ɛho hia yiye. So yɛbɛka ho asɛm akɔ akyiri?

Dɛn ne saa `(Fundoscopy)` yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``fundoscopy`` yɛ w'ani akyi, ɔfasu a ɛwɔ mu no mu nhwehwɛmu. Oduruyɛfo de adwinnade a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse ne kanea ketewaa bi bata ho di dwuma. Wɔde eyi yɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa, ne afei nso de hu nyarewa ne aniwa mu opira ahorow bi.

Asɛmfua "fundus" kyerɛ aniwa no akyi ɔfasu. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi "fundoscopy." Afei nso, adwinnade titiriw a wɔde yɛ eyi ne "aniwa a wɔde hwɛ aniwa." Enti, ɛno nti na wɔsan frɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi "ophthalmoscopy." N’abien nyinaa yɛ din abien a wɔde frɛ sɔhwɛ koro no ara.

Afei hwɛ, akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ saa ``(Fundoscopy)`` sɔhwɛ yi. Ɛsono nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ ɔkwan biara.

1. Aniwa a Wɔde Hwɛ Tẽẽ:

• Eyi de afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde nsa di dwuma a mfɛnsere a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse ne kanea di dwuma. Oduruyɛfo no tra w’anim, kura afiri no wɔ ne nsam, na ɔnam ahwehwɛ no so hwɛ w’ani mu. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ kanea ketewaa bi mu, nanso ɛma w’ani mu yɛ kɛse kɛse.

2. Aniwa mu Nhwehwɛmu a Ɛnyɛ Tẽẽ:

• Eyi yɛ soronko kakra. Ebia woahu oduruyɛfo no sɛ ɔhyɛ atade kurukuruwa a ɔhyɛ ne ti. Ɛwɔ ɔfã ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ poma a wubetumi ahu wɔ n’anim. Wubetumi de w’ani biako anaa w’ani abien nyinaa ahu. Bio nso, oduruyɛfo no wɔ ahwehwɛ ketewa foforo wɔ ne nsam a wɔfrɛ no ``condensing lens``. Ɔkura mu wɔ w’ani anim na ɔsesa anim. Sɛ wohwɛ no saa a, wubetumi ahu aniwa no akyi yiye na woahu no yiye . Sɛ oduruyɛfo no de n’ani abien nyinaa hwɛ a, nea wohu no yɛ nea ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa (3D) . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu ade yiye wɔ emu dɔ mu.

Wɔ akwan abien yi akyi no, nsakrae ketewaa foforo wɔ `(Indirect Ophthalmoscopy)` mu. Wɔfrɛ no `(Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy)`. Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no kura `(Ophthalmoscope)` no wɔ ne nsa biako mu na ɔfa aniwa biako mu hwɛ, bere a ɔde ne nsa foforo no de `(condensing lens)` di dwuma. Nanso, wɔ eyi mu no, anisoadehu a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa ne sɛnea wohu sɛnea emu dɔ no sua.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Saa sɔhwɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no ``fundoscopy,'' no yɛ biribi a wɔtaa yɛ bere a wɔreyɛ aduruyɛ ho nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ no daa no ankasa. Ebia woahu sɛ wɔayɛ, titiriw bere a wokɔ w’abusua oduruyɛfo (Primary Care Provider) nkyɛn anaa bere a wo ba kɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no. Bio nso, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi nso wɔ nsɛm te sɛ:

• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi yɛ biribi a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔyɛ.
• Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa ma wohu ɔhaw biara a ɛwɔ amemene ne ntini mu.
• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ no sɛ nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ no fã.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi kɔ akyiri kakra. Wɔfrɛ no "aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔatrɛw mu." Ɛhwɛ nea ɛwɔ aniwa no mu yiye na ɛyɛ ne mfonini. Wɔyɛ eyi titiriw bere a wɔayɛ retina no oprehyɛn akyi anaasɛ wɔ tebea horow bi mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa ``(Fundoscopy)`` sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma?

Wunim, kurukuruwa tuntum ketewaa a ɛwɔ w’ani mfinimfini, pupil , no yɛ ade a ɛte sɛ mfɛnsere a wobue kɔ aniwa no mu ankasa. Iris , ntini bi a ɛma w’aniwa kɔla no na ɛhwɛ sɛnea aniwa yi kɛse te so. Hann fa saa aniwa yi mu hyɛn aniwa no mu. Ɛyɛ anammɔn a edi kan a ɛbɛma woatumi ahu ade.

Nnuruyɛfo de saa kwan yi so hwɛ w’ani mu denam aniwa a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so. Hann a ɛwɔ aniwa a wɔde hwɛ aniwa no mu no ma aniwa no mu hyerɛn, na ahwehwɛ a ɛma aniwa no yɛ kɛse no ma oduruyɛfo no hu nea ɛwɔ aniwa no mu kɔ akyiri na ɛda adi pefee .

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi fa aniwa a wɔde hwɛ aniwa mu hwɛ a, ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi wɔ aniwa no akyi. Nneɛma titiriw a wɔhwehwɛ ne:

• Asuafo ne sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ hann ho: So asuafo no sua anaasɛ wɔyɛ akɛse bere a hann no bɔ wɔn no?
• Fundus reflex: Eyi ne ɔkwan a hann fa so fi aniwa no akyi ɔfasu no so. Ɛyɛ nea ɛma mmofra nkumaa aniwa yɛ te sɛ nea ɛhyerɛn.
• Retina: Eyi ne ntini a ɛte hann nka wɔ aniwa no mu, te sɛ sini a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no.
• Aniwa Ntini no Nhyehyɛe: Saa ntini yi de nea wohu fa aniwa so ho nsɛm kɔ amemene no mu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan ansa na wɔayɛ fundoscopy?

Mpɛn pii no, saa ``fundoscopy`` sɔhwɛ yi nhia ahosiesie pii wɔ wo fam. Nanso, wɔ nsɛm titiriw bi mu no, sɛ ehia sɛ woyɛ biribi a, wo duruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo de aniwa aduru bɛhyɛ w’ani mu na ama w’aniwa atrɛw . Eyi te saa titiriw bere a wɔyɛ no sɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu fã no. Sɛ wotrɛw w’ani mu a, ɛma oduruyɛfo no hu w’ani no mu yiye na ɛtrɛw.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ `(Fundoscopy)` sɔhwɛ no?

Bere a woreyɛ fundoscopy no, wo duruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo bɛma woatra akongua so anaasɛ woada mpa so wɔ wɔn anim. Wɔtaa yɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ dan a hann kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu mu . Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu w’ani mu. Oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ hwɛ w’anim tẽẽ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ dan w’ani kɔ ɔfã biako.

Sɛ wode ``Indirect Ophthalmoscopy'' kwan no rehwɛ a, oduruyɛfo no kura nsa mu ahwehwɛ ketewa bi wɔ w'ani anim. Afei, ɔde saa ahwehwɛ no ne mfɛnsere a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ afiri a ɔde hyɛ ne ti so no hyia.

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, aniwa a wɔtrɛw mu betumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ yi fã, titiriw bere a wɔreyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu no. W’ani a wobɛtrɛw mu no betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu ɔhaw nketenkete biara anaa nea ahintaw wɔ w’ani mu. Wo duruyɛfo betumi aka nea ɔrehwɛ ne sɛ ohu biribi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ akyerɛ wo.

Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "So sɔhwɛ yi bɛyɛ yaw?" Nte saa koraa! Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ yaw. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo kakra bere a hann no bɔ w’ani no, nanso ebewie wɔ simma kakraa bi mu. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo hu biribi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, fundus mfoninitwa (w’ani mu mfonini a wobɛtwe) anaa kanea a wɔapaapae mu nhwehwɛmu (a wode afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete soronko hwɛ w’ani). Eyi betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Enti, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo no nsɛm pii afa nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɔhyɛ ho nyansa ne nea ɛhaw no ho.

Dɛn na wo sɔhwɛ mu aba kyerɛ?

Wo duruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo bɛka nea wohui wɔ w’ani mu akyerɛ wo. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu nso sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si so a. Wɔbɛma wo akwankyerɛ nso wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wote ase ho.

Ebia nnuruyɛfo binom bɛka nea ɛrekɔ so bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no ho asɛm. Ebia afoforo bɛka nea wohui no ho asɛm kɔ akyiri bere a sɔhwɛ no aba awiei. Mpɛn pii no, eyi yɛ asɛm a obi ankasa pɛ. Nanso, sɛ wohaw anaasɛ wo ho yeraw wo wɔ nhwehwɛmu no ho a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ansa na wɔafi nhwehwɛmu no ase. Obetumi ate wo nkate ase, aboa wo ma woagye w’ahome, na waboa wo ma woadi wo suro so.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Asɛm bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ "aniwa yɛ mfɛnsere a ɛkɔ ɔkra no mu." Nea ɛka ho no, yebetumi aka sɛ aniwa no ne mfɛnsere a ɛma w’akwahosan . Nnuruyɛfoɔ a wɔwɔ nnwuma ahodoɔ mu de saa `(Fundoscopy)` sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma de hwɛ w'ani mu na wɔhwehwɛ nsɛm a ɛho hia fa w'ani, amemene, ne nipadua nyinaa akwahosan ho. `(Fundoscopy)` anaa `(Ophthalmoscopy)` yɛ adeyɛ a nnuruyɛfo de hwɛ sɛ ɔhaw biara a ebia ebehia ayaresa.Ɔkwan a ɛho hia paa.

Nea eye sen saa mpo ne sɛ sɔhwɛ yi yɛ ntɛmntɛm, ɛnyɛ yaw, na wobetumi de nnwinnade kakraa bi ayɛ . Enti, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no wiase baabiara, wɔ mmeae a nnuruyɛbea ne mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ mpo. Enti, bere foforo a oduruyɛfo bi bɛhyerɛn kanea bi mu wɔ w’ani so no, wubehu sɛnea sɔhwɛ yi ho hia!

` Fundoscopy, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, retina, aniwa ntini, aniwa akwahosan, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu