Sɛ woyɛ ɛna a worehwɛ kwan, anaasɛ wo nsa aka asɛmpa no dedaw a, apɛde kɛse a ɛwɔ wo komam ne sɛ wubenya akokoaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Enti, saa bere yi mu no, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow de hwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no te. Wɔn mu no, yɛreka sɔhwɛ bi a ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra ama nnipa pii, nanso ɛho hia yiye ho asɛm. Ɛno ne awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, anaa sɛnea yɛka wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no, ' Genetic Testing '.
Henanom na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔbea biara wɔ hokwan sɛ ɔbɛyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ansa na wanyinsɛn anaa bere a wanyinsɛn. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔde akokoaa no papa nso kɔma wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi.
Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛte sɛɛ:
- Abusua Abakɔsɛm : Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ wo anaa wo hokafo abusua mu wɔ awosu mu yare bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, thalassemia) a, akokoaa no nso betumi akɔ asiane mu.
- Mfe: Mpɛn pii no, sɛ ɛna no adi boro mfe 35 a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya awosu mu tebea horow bi (titiriw Down syndrome) no kɔ soro kakra.
- Nyinsɛn tebea horow a atwam: Sɛ woawo akokoaa a ɔwɔ awosu mu haw bi wɔ nyinsɛn a atwam mu a.
- Nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu ba : Sɛ wuhu tebea horow bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ wɔ scan anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu foforo a woayɛ mu a.
Awosu mu nyarewa bi abu so wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Tay-Sachs yare no abu so wɔ nnipa a wofi Europa Apuei fam mu. Sickle cell yare abu so wɔ nnipa a wofi Afrika mu. Cystic fibrosis abu so wɔ aborɔfo mu. Eyinom yɛ nhwɛso kakraa bi pɛ. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛka w’abusua abakɔsɛm ne w’akwahosan ho asɛm akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo no pefee.
Dɛn na sɔhwɛ ahorow yi rehwehwɛ ankasa?
Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛbɛte eyinom ase.
1. Screening Tests: Eyinom ne sɔhwɛ ahorow a edi kan a wɔyɛ. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nkyerɛ wo 100% sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ yare pɔtee bi anaa. Mmom no, wɔka sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye (a ɛba fam anaasɛ ɛkorɔn) sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu yare pɔtee bi (e.g. `Down syndrome`, `Trisomy 18`, `Trisomy 13`, ` Neural Tube Defects` ). Wɔtaa yɛ eyinom denam mogya a wogye fi ɛna no hɔ so.
2. Sɔhwɛ ahorow a Wɔde Soa Nneɛma:Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwɛ sɛ wo anaa akokoaa no papa yɛ "ɔdefo" a ɔwɔ awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛde yare bi ba anaa. Carrier kyerɛ sɛ onipa no nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara, na mmom okura awosu mu abɔde a ɛde yare no ba. Sɛ awofo baanu no nyinaa kura yare koro a, hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ abofra no benya saa yare no. Wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi ma nyarewa te sɛ `Cystic fibrosis`, `Fragile X syndrome`, `Sickle cell disease` ne `Tay-Sachs`.
| Sɔhwɛ su | Dɛn na wɔresɔ ahwɛ? |
|---|---|
| Sɔhwɛ ahorow a Wɔde Hwɛ Nneɛma So (e.g. Mmienu, Mmiɛnsa, Anan agyiraehyɛde sɔhwɛ ahorow) . | Ɛkyerɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya nkwaboaa mu nneɛma a ɛnteɛ te sɛ Down syndrome ne Trisomy 18. |
| Sɔhwɛ ahorow a Wɔde Soa Nneɛma | Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hwɛ sɛ ɛna anaa agya no yɛ obi a ɔde awosu mu yare bi (e.g., thalassemia, cystic fibrosis) ba anaa. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?
Ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ eyi ho koraa. Wɔ `screening` ne `carrier` nhwehwɛmu a yɛkaa ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no nyinaa mu no, ɔyarehwɛfo anaa aduruyɛ dan mu panyin bi gye mogya nkutoo fi wo hɔ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi de nnompe a wɔde yɛ nhwɛso nso adi dwuma. Eyi te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ara pɛ. Saa sɔhwɛ atitiriw yi mfa ɔhaw anaa asiane biara mma wo anaa wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no.
Amanneɛbɔ no ba akyi... nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yehu
Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia na ɛyɛ basaa sen biara. Sɛ wo screening test amanneɛbɔ ka sɛ "High Risk" a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu.
Esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu ka sɛ "asiane kɛse" nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo ba no benya yare no. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ yare no wɔ hɔ na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.
Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, saa `screening test` yi te sɛ wim tebea ho amanneɛbɔ a ɛka sɛ mununkum tuntum wɔ wim na ɛda adi sɛ osu bɛtɔ. Nanso sɛ wubehu sɛ osu bɛtɔ ne dodow a ɛbɛtɔ ankasa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri. Saa na ɛte wɔ eyi ho.
Sɛ wo nya "High Risk" aba a, wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi. Mpɛn pii no ade a edi hɔ a wɔyɛ ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu yare . Eyinom betumi akyerɛ wo bɛboro 99% pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ awosu mu tebea no anaa.
Nsɔhwɛ a Wɔde Hu Nyarewa
Eyinom nte sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a na wɔadi kan ayɛ no. Eyinom yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra. Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. Amniocentesis: Adeyɛ a wɔfa so yi awotwaa mu nsu kakraa bi fi awotwaa kotoku a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia wɔ awotwaa no mu no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Adeyɛ a wɔfa so yi ntini kakraa bi pɛ fi awotwaa no fã bi mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.
Esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmu abien yi nyinaa kura asiane ketewaa bi a ɛbɛma nyinsɛn atu agu nti, sɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu kyerɛ sɛ asiane kɛse wom nkutoo a nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ.
Dɛn nti na agya no sɔhwɛ nso ho hia?
Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛsɔ agya no ahwɛ wɔ carrier tests mu. Sɛ abofra benya awosu mu nyarewa bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛna no ne agya no nyinaa yɛ wɔn a wɔde saa yare no ba. Fa no sɛ, wɔasɔ wo ahwɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ yare pɔtee bi. Nanso sɛ sɔhwɛ no si so dua sɛ abofra no agya nyɛ obi a ɔwɔ saa yare no a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ abofra no benya saa yare no no fi hɔ koraa. Enti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a agya sɔhwɛ betumi ama ahotɔ kɛse.
Hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa eyinom nyinaa ho, ate nea ebefi mu aba no ase, na si nea wobɛyɛ akyi no ho gyinae. Obetumi de afotu a eye sen biara ama wo wɔ wo tebea no ho, sen sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ nsɛm wɔ intanɛt so.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a wɔyɛ bere a wɔyem de hwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no akwahosan te.
- Wodi kan yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ akokoaa no mu , a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobegye mogya na wɔahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya yare pɔtee bi. Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mpira akokoaa no anaa ɛna no.
- Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no ma "Asiane Kɛse" ba a. Ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare no, nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu kɔ akyiri.
- Ade a edi hɔ ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu yare, te sɛ Amniocentesis anaa CVS, de kyerɛ sɛ ebia yare bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ.
- Ansa na wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu biara ne bere a woanya nhwehwɛmu no aba awie no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛbɔ ho nkɔmmɔ na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wote ase yiye.
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