Hena ne awosu ho ɔbenfo yi? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So woate awosu ho ɔbenfo bi ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, "Hena ne oyi?" "Dɛn na wɔyɛ?" Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nnipa ko a saa awosu ho animdefo yi yɛ ne sɛnea ɛho hia ma yɛn akwahosan ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den na ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛte ase so. Ɛte sɛ nea wo ne w’adamfo bi rekasa.

Hena ne awosu ho ɔbenfo yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, awosu ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ abusuabɔ a ɛda yɛn awosu ne yɛn akwahosan ntam no mu. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm yɛ akwankyerɛ nketenkete a ɛtoatoa so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛnyɛ yɛn tenten ne yɛn kɔla nko na saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi kyerɛ, na mmom sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebenya nyarewa bi nso.

Saa awosu ho animdefo yi, titiriw ayaresabea awosu ho animdefo, boa ma wohu awosu mu nyarewa a ɛka nnipa a wɔadi mfe ahorow nyinaa, fi nyinsɛn so na wodi ho dwuma. Awosu ho animdefo binom nso yɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ awosu mu nyarewa ho na wohu nneɛma foforo. Ebinom nso de wɔn ho hyɛ adwuma a wɔhwɛ so anaasɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ nnuruyɛfo ne sukuufo afoforo mu.

Dɛn nti na wopɛ sɛ wuhyia awosu ho ɔbenfo?

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wokɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Ma yɛnhwɛ emu bi.

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ awosu mu yare bi a...

Ebia wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn sɛ wosusuw sɛ wowɔ awosu mu yare bi a. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nsakrae, anaa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae, wɔ w’awosu mu. Saa awosu mu nsakrae yi betumi aba wɔ awo mu anaasɛ ɛbɛkɔ so akyiri yi wɔ nkwa mu.

Awosu ho ɔbenfo betumi aboa wo ma woahu awosu mu nneɛma a ɛde tebea yi ba, akyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea ebetumi aka wo mma anaa abusua mufo afoforo mu, na ɔde nyansahyɛ ahorow ama w’aduruyɛfo kuw no na aboa wo ma woanya apɔwmuden sɛnea wubetumi wɔ awosu mu tebea no ho.

Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ awosu mu yare bi a...

Fa no sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ awosu mu yare bi te sɛ kokoram. Ebia wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Awosu ho ɔbenfo betumi asusuw asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare no ho na waboa wo ma woayɛ nhyehyɛe a wode bedi ho dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu na aboa ma wɔahu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm ara sɛnea wobetumi. Ebia wɔbɛhyɛ nyansa nso sɛ wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu na ama woahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho nsɛm pii.

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ awosu mu tebea bi a...

Awosu ho animdefo sa mpanyimfo ne mmofra nyinaa yare. Ebinom yɛ mmofra ho adwuma titiriw. Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wo ba no anya awo mu dɛmdi anaa tebea bi te sɛ autism a, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Awosu ho ɔbenfo betumi aboa wo ne w’abusua ma woate sɛnea wo ba no yare, ayaresa a wobetumi apaw, ne nea ɛbɛba daakye ase.

Nea ɛho hia: Ɛtaa ba sɛ awofo ho dwiriw wɔn bere a wohu sɛ wɔn ba no wɔ awosu mu yare bi no. Nanso ɛdenam awosu ho ɔbenfo mmoa so no, wubetumi ate tebea no ase na woahwɛ wo ba no yiye.

Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛhyɛ abusua ase, anaasɛ woanyinsɛn...

Sɛ woreyɛ abusua ho nhyehyɛe a, ebia wo awo ho oduruyɛfo anaa awogyefo de wo bɛkɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ wowɔ awosu mu tebea bi anaasɛ woadi boro mfe 35. Awosu ho ɔbenfo betumi aboa ma wɔahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu tebea bi anaasɛ wɔbɛwo no a ɔwɔ tebea bi te sɛ Down syndrome.

Wubetumi nso ne awosu ho ɔbenfo bi ahyia bere a wo nyinsɛn no asusuw nea efi nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo anaa nneɛma afoforo a ɛhaw adwene mu aba no ho.

Sɛ wowɔ yareɛ bi a ɛntaa nsi a...

Awosu ho animdefo hwehwɛ awosu mu tebea horow a ɛtaa ba ne nea ɛntaa nsi nyinaa na wodi ho dwuma. Tebea horow bi ho yɛ na koraa. Wɔ saa nsɛm no mu no, ebia awosu ho ɔbenfo nkutoo na onim yare no yiye na obetumi aboa wo.

Hena ne awosu ho ɔbenfo a ɔhwɛ ayaresabea?

Asɛmfua ``Clinical geneticist`` kyerɛ awosu ho ɔbenfo a ɔhwɛ ayarefo. Wɔwɔ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (``(MD - Doctor of Medicine)`` anaa ``(DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine)``).

Wobu awosu ho animdefo dodow no ara sɛ awosu ho animdefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ ayaresabea. Nanso, awosu ho animdefo binom yɛ adwuma wɔ aduruyɛdan ahorow mu titiriw, na ɛnyɛ ayarefo hwɛ mu. Ebia wɔwɔ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa, oduruyɛfo abodin krataa (PhD - Doctor of Philosophy), anaa n’abien nyinaa. Wɔtaa frɛ wɔn awosu ho animdefo anaa aduruyɛ mu awosu ho animdefo, na ɛnyɛ ayaresabea awosu ho animdefo.

Ɛhe na awosu ho animdefo yɛ adwuma?

Awosu ho animdefo dodow no ara yɛ adwuma wɔ ayaresabea akɛse ne mmeae a wɔyɛ nnuru. Ebinom yɛ adwuma wɔ kokoam anaa kuw nneyɛe mu. Nnipa kakraa bi pɛ na wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ aguadidan ahorow mu nkutoo.

Awosu ho animdefo taa ne wo ankasa hyia, nanso pii nso de virtual appointments (telehealth) ma. Eyi ho hia titiriw ma nnipa a wɔwɔ mmeae a awosu ho animdefo kakraa bi na wɔwɔ hɔ anaasɛ wonni bi koraa.

Esiane sɛ awosu ho animdefo dodow no ara yɛ adwuma wɔ nkurow akɛse mu anaa nea ɛbɛn hɔ nti, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ nnipa pii benya awosu ho ɔbenfo. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wokɔ awosu ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn nanso obiara nni wo mpɔtam hɔ a, bisa wo duruyɛfo no ho asɛm.

Dɛn na awosu ho ɔbenfo yɛ?

Adwuma dapɛn a wɔtaa yɛ ma ayaresabea awosu ho ɔbenfo betumi ayɛ:

• Wɔyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Wɔn abusua abakɔsɛm ne yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔne nkurɔfo bɛkasa.
• Wɔayɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ho nhyehyɛe na wɔakyerɛ kwan.
• Wɔne ankorankoro ne wɔn mmusua susuw nea efi sɔhwɛ mu ba ho.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma obi nya yare a ɛyɛ den a, yɛde ayamye ne ayamhyehye boa saa onipa no ne n’abusua.
• Yɛne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo yɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe.
• Ɔkamfo ayaresa anaa akwan horow a wɔbɛfa so adi aduruyɛ tebea bi ho dwuma kyerɛ.
• Meyɛ me nimdeɛ foforo denam nsɛm foforo a wɔatintim a ɛfa aduruyɛ mu awosu ho a mekenkan so.
• Meyɛ adwumayɛfo adwuma ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛ nyinaa.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ ne nsɛm a wɔkyerɛw de tintim.

Ɛnyɛ awosu ho animdefo nyinaa na wohu ayarefo tẽẽ. Ebinom yɛ adwuma wɔ akyi wɔ labs, te sɛ eyi:

• Wɔreyɛ awosu mu nyarewa ho nhwehwɛmu.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu aba.
• Amanneɛbɔ a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔbɛyɛ ama akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda awosu ho ɔbenfo ne awosu ho ɔfotufo ntam?

Awosu ho animdefo ne awosu ho afotufo nyinaa yɛ awosu ho abenfo, nanso nsonsonoe wɔ wɔn ntetee mu:

• Awosu ho animdefo yɛ nnuruyɛfo. Wɔkɔ aduruyɛ sukuu na wɔyɛ awosu ho adesua titiriw.
• Awosu mu afotufo yɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔatete wɔn. Wonya abodin krataa a ɛkorɔn wɔ awosu mu afotu mu. Wɔsan nso yɛ sɔhwɛ de bɛyɛ Certified Genetic Counselor (CGC®). Ɛwom sɛ wotumi yɛ nnwuma a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no pii de, nanso wontumi nyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu anaasɛ wɔnyɛ aduruyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow a wontintimii dedaw.

Awosu ho animdefo ne awosu ho afotufo yɛ adwuma sɛ kuw. Ebia akuw yi bi ne awosu ho ayarehwɛfo, aduan ho abenfo, ne nnuruyɛ mu awosu ho abenfo. Awosu ho animdefo nso ne nnuruyɛfo a wɔhwɛ nyarewa titiriw (PCPs) ne animdefo afoforo te sɛ ntini ho animdefo anaa kokoram ho animdefo yɛ adwuma de hwehwɛ nyarewa na wodi ho dwuma.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ awosu ho ɔbenfo?

Sɛ wobɛyɛ awosu ho nimdefo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonya nhomasua a ɛkɔ anim – kɔ aduruyɛ sukuu na woanya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (`(MD)` anaa `(DO)`), anaasɛ kɔ sukuu a wɔawie na woanya oduruyɛfo abodin krataa (`(PhD)`). Anamɔn atitiriw a awosu ho animdefo dodow no ara di akyi ni:

• Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya bachelor’s degree.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aduruyɛ sukuu na wonya abodin krataa, ``(MD)`` anaa ``(DO)``.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wowie aduruyɛ mu tenabea (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, wɔ emu aduruyɛ anaa mmofra ayaresa mu), na afei wowie fekubɔ wɔ awosuo mu anaasɛ awosuo mu atenaeɛ a wɔaka abom, te sɛ mmofra/awosuo mu.
• Sɛ obi benya board adansedi krataa afi asoɛe bi te sɛ American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ABMGG) hɔ a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtra ase yɛ nhwehwɛmu. (Wɔ Sri Lanka no, ɛsɛ sɛ obi nya ahwehwɛde te sɛ MD (Genetics) fi sukuupɔn a ɛfa ho a ɛwɔ adesua akyi no mu na ɔkyerɛw ne din sɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw.)

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa woyɛ adwuma wɔ lab sene sɛ wobɛhwɛ ayarefo a, wobɛtumi apaw sɛ wobɛkɔ so ayɛ ``PhD'' mmom sen sɛ wobɛnya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa. Nnipa binom di abodin krataa abien (``MD/PhD'') akyi. Ɔkwan pɔtee a wobɛfa so no begyina nea w’ani gye ho ne w’adwuma botae ahorow so. Ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛkɔ nhomasua asoɛe ahorow a woresusuw ho no mu na wo ne akyerɛkyerɛfo ne asuafo a wɔwɔ hɔ akasa na woasua pii afa akwan a wubetumi afa so no ho.

Hena ne mmofra awosu ho ɔbenfo?

Mmofra awosu ho ɔbenfo yɛ obi a ohu awosu mu tebea horow a ɛwɔ nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa mu na ɔsa. Wɔsan de nhomasua ne mmoa ma mmusua. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Mɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo ba no tebea mu wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.
• Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ sɔhwɛ no mu aba mu akyerɛ wo.
• Eyi kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea ebetumi aba sɛ saa awosu mu tebea yi betumi aka abusua no mufo afoforo anaa daakye nyinsɛn mu.

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo ne mmofra awosu ho ɔbenfo yɛ adwuma sɛ wɔwoo wo ba a ɔwɔ tebea horow yi mu biako a:

• Koma mu yare a wɔde awo obi (`(Koma mu yare a wɔde awo obi)`).
• Awosu mu yare a ɛka abofra nkwaadɔm te sɛ Down syndrome.
• Ɔyare a wonya fi awo mu, te sɛ cystic fibrosis anaa sickle cell yare.

Mmofra awosu ho animdefo wie ntetee a wɔde ma wɔ mmofra ayaresa ne aduruyɛ mu awosu nyinaa mu. Wɔtaa nya board certified wɔ nnwuma abien no nyinaa mu.

Awiei koraa no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara

Sɛ wo ne awosu ho ɔbenfo bi hyia nea edi kan a, ebia wo ho yeraw wo kakra na wosuro. Ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso kae sɛ, awosu ho animdefo ne ankorankoro ne mmusua hyia bere nyinaa. Wɔpɛ ankasa sɛ wɔboa wo ma wote nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu, anaa obi a wodɔ no nipadua ase. Ebia wɔwɔ asɛmpa bi ma wo, anaasɛ wɔwɔ asɛm bi a emu yɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛte. Nanso, awosu ho animdefo ayɛ krado sɛ wɔde nimdeɛ, nneɛma, ne ayamhyehye bɛboa wo wɔ anammɔn biara a wobɛfa mu.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de woanya onii ko a awosu ho ɔbenfo ne nea wɔyɛ ho adwene pa. Mewɔ anidaso sɛ wubehu sɛ mfaso wɔ saa nsɛm yi so!

` Awosu, awosu ho nimdefo, awosu mu nyarewa, awosu, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, aduruyɛ mu afotu, akwahosan