So ɛte sɛ nea wo ba no koko ne ne kɔn retwe akɔ mu bere a ɔrehome no? Ɛno na wɔfrɛ no (Retractions)''. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ abofra ketewa, anaa ebia ɔpanyin home a, ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ koko no afã horow bi, ne kɔn, kɔ mu saa. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den ankasa sɛ wobɛhome. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no ``(Retractions)'' wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea eyi yɛ ankasa, nea enti a ɛba, ne sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro anaa.

Dɛn ankasa ne ``(Retractions)``?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``(Retractions)`` yɛ bere a obi home (kyerɛ sɛ, ɔhome) na honam ani a ɛwɔ mmeae te sɛ kɔn, mpampam ntam, ne mpampam ase no kɔ fam, anaasɛ ɛtwe kɔ mu. Ade titiriw a eyi ka kyerɛ yɛn ne sɛ onipa no repere sɛ ɔbɛhome. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔrema adesoa a emu yɛ duru so, wɔrepere sɛ wɔbɛma mframa akɔ wɔn ahurututu mu. Ebia woahu sɛnea ɛtɔ mmere bi a sɛ akokoaa home a, wɔn moma so were no twe kɔ mu a, ɛno ne nea ɛte.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛtaa home?

Sɛ yɛbɛte nea saa ``(Retractions)`` yi yɛ ase yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛtaa home. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea woretwe anonne bi afa sare mu akɔ soro.

Ntini kɛse bi a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔfrɛ no diaphragm . Nea ɛka ho no, ntini nketenkete bi wɔ yɛn mpampam ntam.

Sɛ yɛhome a, saa ahurututu kɛse yi kɔ fam, na ntini a ɛwɔ mparow no ntam no twe mpampam no kɔ soro na efi mu kakra. Afei ahunmu a ɛwɔ koko no mu (koko mu abura) no yɛ kɛse. Eyi ma nhyɛso a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no so tew, na mframa a ɛwɔ akyi no twe kɔ ahurututu no mu ara kwa. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔayɛ vacuum na wɔatwe mframa akɔ mu Eyi taa si a ɛho nhia sɛ yɛyɛ pii.

Afei adɛn nti na `(Retractions)` ba?

Afei fa no sɛ biribi nti, ɛyɛ den ma obi sɛ ɔbɛhome. Ebia mframa kwan (bronchi) a ɛkɔ ahurututu no mu no asiw, anaasɛ ɔyare bi wɔ ahurututu no mu.

Sɛ ahomegye yɛ den saa a, ntini a ɛboa ma ɔhome a ɛfata (ntini a ɛda ahurututu ne mparow ntam) no nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛtwe mframa a ɛdɔɔso akɔ ahurututu no mu.

Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no? Yɛn nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛde ntini a ɛboro so no bedi dwuma de ayɛ eyi. Titiriw no, ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu, ntini nketenkete bi a ɛda mpampam ntam, ne ntini a ɛwɔ mmati no fã no ka eyi ho.

Sɛ ntini mu nhama a ɛboro so yi twetwe ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ den a, honam ani ntini ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛbata ho no twe kɔ mu. Saa twe a ɛtwetwe kɔ mu yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ``(Retractions)``.

Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wohu `(Retractions)` a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ onipa no nipadua de 'extra support force' redi dwuma de abɔ mframa akɔ ahurututu no mu!

Ɛhe na metumi ahu `(Retractions)`?

Wobetumi ahu saa nsensanee yi wɔ mmeae ahorow. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a yebetumi agyina saa mmeae no so anya sɛnea ɔhome a ɛyɛ den no te ho adwene bi.

• Subcostal Retractions: Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ:Wora no puw kɔ baabi a yafunu ne koko hyia, wɔ mparow no ase. Eyi taa ba nkokoaa nkumaa so.
• Intercostal Retractions: Wora a ɛwɔ mpampam abien ntam no san kɔ mu, te sɛ nea mpampam no apue.
• Supraclavicular Retractions: Eyinom yɛ mmeae nketenkete a ɛte sɛ amoa wɔ kɔn no afã abien no nyinaa, wɔ kɔn mu dompe (clavicle) no atifi .
• Suprasternal anaa Substernal Retractions: Wora no twe kɔ mu wɔ dompe a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛwɔ koko no mfinimfini (sternum) no atifi anaa ase , te sɛ baabi a kɔn no fi ase.

Ebia wobehu eyinom mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bere koro mu. Dodow a wohu eyinom pii no, dodow no ara na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde `(Retractions)` ba?

``(Retractions)`` nyɛ yareɛ, ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne. Wobetumi ahu no wɔ tebea biara a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome mu. Nneɛma a ɛtaa de ba mmofra nkumaa so no bi ne:

• Bronchiolitis: Yare a ɛma mframa kwan nketenkete paa a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no ho hyehye, titiriw wɔ nkokoaa a wonnii mfe 2 mu. Mpɛn pii no, ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde ba.
• Asthma: Tebea a ɛma mframa kwan no hohoro na ɛyɛ den, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.
• Ahurututu mu yare: Nyarewa a mmoawa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu na ɛde ba.
• Croup: Yare a ɛma ahurututu ne mframa kwan a ɛwɔ soro no hohoro, na ɛma ɔfe a ɛyɛ yaw.
• Ahɔho nipadua a wɔhwehwɛ: Sɛ abofra ketewaa bi nya biribi te sɛ agode anaa aduan bi a ɛkyere ne hwene anaa n’ano a, eyi yɛ nea egye ntɛmpɛ!
• Nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba: Wobetumi ahu sɛnea ɛtwe ne ho nso wɔ komayare ahorow bi te sɛ akisikuru a emu yɛ den (anaphylaxis) mu.

Wɔ mpanyimfo mu no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi betumi aba wɔ tebea horow te sɛ COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den, ne komayare nso mu.

Dɛn bio na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ wɔ `(Retractions)` ho? Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wohu `(Retractions)` a, ɛnyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛbu w'ani agu so kɛkɛ. Efisɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ.

Hwɛ sɛ saa nneɛma yi wɔ `Retractions`:

• So sɛnea obi home ntɛmntɛm dodo? `(Rapid breathing / Tachypnea)` Sɛnea mmofra nkumaa home a ɛfata no gu ahorow gyina wɔn mfe so. Nanso sɛ wɔrehome ntɛmntɛm dodo a, hwɛ yiye.
• So wo hwene mu yɛ hyew? `(Nasal flaring)` Sɛ wo hwene mu ntini yɛ kɛse bere a worehome a.
• So woyɛ nnyigyei a ɛyɛ yaw bere a worehome no? Sɛ wo yɛ nnyigyei te sɛ "Agh... agh..." bere a worehome a.
• So wowɔ akisikuru? So nnyigyei bi a ɛyɛ hwerɛma fi wo koko mu reba bere a worehome no?
• So wowɔ ɔfe?
• So anofafa, tɛkrɛma, ne nnadewa dan bruu? (Cyanosis) .Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ hu paa. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nipadua no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso. Eyi yɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ! Kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.
• So akokoaa no nnom nufu/didi sɛnea ɛsɛ? So ɔdae? Anaasɛ ɔyɛ obi a ne ho ntɔ no kɛse?
• So wowɔ atiridiinini?

Nea ɛho hia sen biara: Sɛ wo ba no wɔ ``(Retractions)'', titiriw sɛ ɛyɛ akokoaa ketewa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ fa wɔn kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wɔn na wobetumi ahu nea ɛde ba pɔtee na wɔafi ayaresa a ɛho hia ase.

Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara, titiriw wɔ nsɛm a edidi so yi mu:

• Sɛ abofra no nni asram 3 a.
• Sɛ w'anofafa dan bruu a `(Retractions)` na ɛte sɛ nea worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahome mu a.
• Abofra no home denneennen, na ontumi nkasa.
• Sɛ ahome a wɔhome no dɔɔso yiye a.
• Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea abofra no ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse na wada a.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ wɔ fie?

Esiane sɛ ``(Retractions)`` yɛ tebea bi a ɛwɔ ase ho sɛnkyerɛnne nti, nneɛma kakraa bi na wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie. Ade a ehia paa ne sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

Nanso, kosi sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no, wubetumi ayɛ saa nneɛma yi:

• Ma wo ho dwo: Sɛ wo ho yeraw wo a, ebia ehu bɛka wo ba no kɛse, na ɛno betumi ama ahome ayɛ den.
• Ma abofra no dwo: wo ne no nkasa wɔ ɔdɔ mu, kura no mu.
• Ma abofra no ntra baabi a ne ho tɔ no: Ebia ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɔbɛhome bere a ɔte hɔ no.
• Sɛ wo ba no wɔ ayamtu a: Fa aduru a ɛma ɔhome a ɛma ɔhome a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no di dwuma sɛnea wɔakyerɛ no.
• Sɛ atiridii wɔ hɔ a: Wubetumi de biribi te sɛ Paracetamol ama wɔ nnuruyɛfo afotu so.
• Tew wusiw ne mfutuma a ɛwɔ dan no mu so.

Mma wo ho aduru biara da a wunni kan nkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu saa tebea yi na wɔsa?

Sɛ wode wo ba no kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ade a edi kan a ɔbɛyɛ ne sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ abofra no mu yiye.

• Yɛhwɛ sɛnea wɔhome, mmeae a ``(Retractions)'' wɔ, ne sɛnea wɔhome ntɛmntɛm.
• Oduruyɛfo no de afiri a wɔde tie asɛm tie koko no de hwɛ sɛ nnyigyei biara (krakrakra, nnyigyei afoforo a ɛyɛ soronko) wɔ ahurututu no mu anaa.
• Wubetumi de afiri ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no pulse oximeter a wɔde si wo nsateaa anaa w’aso so ahwɛ sɛnea oxygen a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no te.
• Sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ wo koko X-ray. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu tebea horow te sɛ ahurututu mu yare.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne hwene mu nhwehwɛmu nso.

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde retractions no ba so.

• Sɛ ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa (e.g. ahurututu mu yare): Wobetumi ama nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa (e.g., ahurututu mu yare): Mpɛn pii no, wonni ayaresa pɔtee biara. Wɔma nipadua no kwan ma n’ankasa sa yare bere a ɛresa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no (e.g., oxygen, saline).
• Sɛ obi anya ayamtu a: Wobetumi de nebulization anaa inhalers ama de ahome nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no.
• Sɛ home yɛ den yiye na oxygen dodow sua a: Ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea na wɔma wo oxygen.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi na woafi ayaresa a ɛho hia no ase.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti yɛaka `(Retractions)` ho asɛm pii seesei. Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• ``(Retractions)`` kyerɛ honam ani a ɛwɔ koko ne kɔn so a ɛtwe kɔ mu bere a ɔrehome. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den ma onipa no sɛ ɔbɛhome na ɔrebɔ mmɔden kɛse.
• Eyi nyɛ yare, na mmom ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.
• Wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu esiane tebea horow te sɛ `(Bronchiolitis)`, `(Asthma)`, ne `(Pneumonia)` nti.
• Hwɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔhome a ɛkɔ soro, hwene a ɛrehyew, ahurututu, ne anofafa bruu a ɛka ho ne ``(Retractions)'' yiye.
• Sɛ wo ba no wɔ `(Retractions)`, titiriw sɛ wɔyɛ akokoaa ketewa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ woremmɔ hu, na mmom wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛnkyɛ.
• Di oduruyɛfo no akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Kae sɛ, sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo ba home mu a, mfa nyɛ hwee. Ayaresa a wɔde kɔ obi nkyɛn ntɛm betumi asiesie ɔhaw pii. Akwahosan pa ma mo nyinaa!

` Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, twetwe, koko a ɛtwetwe, mmofra nyarewa, ɔhome mu haw, ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu mu yare, ayamtu